Subject(s)
Child, Orphaned , Therapeutic Human Experimentation/history , Vaccination/history , Child , Child, Orphaned/history , France , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , Humans , Orphanages/economics , Orphanages/ethics , Presumed Consent/history , Therapeutic Human Experimentation/economics , Therapeutic Human Experimentation/ethics , Vaccination/economics , Vaccination/ethicsSubject(s)
Charities , Fund Raising , Internet , Orphanages/economics , Orphanages/organization & administration , Humans , New Zealand , VietnamSubject(s)
Altruism , Awareness , Delivery of Health Care/economics , Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , Developing Countries , Fund Raising/economics , Fund Raising/organization & administration , Students, Medical , Adult , Child , Gift Giving , Health Services Needs and Demand/economics , Humans , Minnesota , Orphanages/economics , Peru , Physician's Role , Primary Health Care/economics , Primary Health Care/organization & administration , UgandaABSTRACT
In nineteenth-century Europe, the foundling hospital grew beyond its traditional purpose of mitigating the shame of unwed mothers by also permitting widows, widowers, and poor married couples to abandon their children there temporarily. In the Foundling Hospital of Madrid (FHM), this new short-term abandonment could be completely anonymous due to the implementation of a wheela device on the outside wall of the institution that could be turned to place a child insidewhich remained open until 1929. The use of survival-analysis techniques to disentangle the determinants of retrieval in a discrete framework reveals important differences in the situations of the women who abandoned their children at the FHM, partly depending on whether they accessed it through the Maternity Hospital after giving birth or they accessed it directly. The evidence suggests that those who abandoned their children through the Maternity Hospital retrieved them only when they had attained a certain degree of economic stability, whereas those who abandoned otherwise did so just as soon as the immediate condition prompting the abandonment had improved.
Subject(s)
Child, Abandoned , Child, Orphaned , Hospitals , Illegitimacy , Socioeconomic Factors , Child, Abandoned/education , Child, Abandoned/history , Child, Abandoned/legislation & jurisprudence , Child, Abandoned/psychology , Child, Orphaned/education , Child, Orphaned/history , Child, Orphaned/legislation & jurisprudence , Child, Orphaned/psychology , Child, Preschool , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Hospitals/history , Hospitals, Maternity/economics , Hospitals, Maternity/history , Hospitals, Maternity/legislation & jurisprudence , Humans , Illegitimacy/economics , Illegitimacy/ethnology , Illegitimacy/history , Illegitimacy/legislation & jurisprudence , Illegitimacy/psychology , Infant , Orphanages/economics , Orphanages/history , Orphanages/legislation & jurisprudence , Socioeconomic Factors/history , Spain/ethnologyABSTRACT
It has been suggested that the role of Ontario children's homes, who had for half a century been helping disadvantaged children, changed significantly and immediately under the 'Children's Protection Act of 1893'. However, the records of the girls admitted to Toronto Girls' Home from 1863 to 1910 suggest that this was not the case, for this home at least. For most of their history, their core clientele was the children of poor respectable parents dealing with a crisis or who could not both work and care for their children. Thus, although prior to 1893 they did also care for a significant number of neglected children, and after 1893 fewer such children were admitted, the Home continued for more than 20 years to help families as they always had, providing a form of family support for which the child protection system was not designed.
Subject(s)
Adoption , Child Care , Child Welfare , Child, Orphaned , Orphanages , Social Conditions , Adoption/ethnology , Adoption/legislation & jurisprudence , Adoption/psychology , Child , Child Care/economics , Child Care/history , Child Care/legislation & jurisprudence , Child Care/psychology , Child Welfare/economics , Child Welfare/ethnology , Child Welfare/history , Child Welfare/legislation & jurisprudence , Child Welfare/psychology , Child, Orphaned/education , Child, Orphaned/history , Child, Orphaned/legislation & jurisprudence , Child, Orphaned/psychology , Child, Preschool , Female , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Humans , Ontario/ethnology , Orphanages/economics , Orphanages/history , Orphanages/legislation & jurisprudence , Social Conditions/economics , Social Conditions/history , Social Conditions/legislation & jurisprudence , Socioeconomic Factors/historyABSTRACT
The study uses examinations and other documents produced in the course of a large-scale investigation undertaken by the central authorities of the Austrian Netherlands in the 1760s on the transportation of about thirty children from Brussels to the Parisian foundling house by a Brussels shoemaker and his wife. It combines the rich archival evidence with sparse indications in the literature to demonstrate that long-distance transports of abandoned children were a common but historiographically neglected by-product of the ambiguities of foundling policies in eighteenth-century Europe and provides insight into the functioning of the associated networks and the motives of parents, doctors, midwives, transporters, and local officials involved.
Subject(s)
Child Welfare , Child, Abandoned , Child, Unwanted , Mothers , Orphanages , Public Policy , Belgium/ethnology , Child , Child Custody/economics , Child Custody/education , Child Custody/history , Child Custody/legislation & jurisprudence , Child Health Services/economics , Child Health Services/history , Child Health Services/legislation & jurisprudence , Child Welfare/economics , Child Welfare/ethnology , Child Welfare/history , Child Welfare/legislation & jurisprudence , Child Welfare/psychology , Child, Abandoned/education , Child, Abandoned/history , Child, Abandoned/legislation & jurisprudence , Child, Abandoned/psychology , Child, Preschool , Child, Unwanted/education , Child, Unwanted/history , Child, Unwanted/legislation & jurisprudence , Child, Unwanted/psychology , History, 18th Century , Humans , Local Government/history , Mothers/education , Mothers/history , Mothers/legislation & jurisprudence , Mothers/psychology , Orphanages/economics , Orphanages/history , Orphanages/legislation & jurisprudence , Paris/ethnology , Public Policy/economics , Public Policy/history , Public Policy/legislation & jurisprudence , Social Class/history , Social Conditions/economics , Social Conditions/history , Social Conditions/legislation & jurisprudence , Women's Health/ethnology , Women's Health/history , Women's Rights/economics , Women's Rights/education , Women's Rights/history , Women's Rights/legislation & jurisprudenceABSTRACT
In sub-Saharan Africa, HIV/AIDS has resulted in a rapidly growing population of orphans and vulnerable children (OVC). These OVC have strained the traditional safety net provided by extended families to its breaking point. Increasingly, community-based initiatives are emerging to fill the gap. However, relatively little is known about these efforts and their effectiveness. This article looks at one such initiative in rural Tanzania, and explores the relationship between local communities that seek to empower themselves to address the needs of their OVC and external organisations that have the resources and power to help them. This case study describes the successful effort of a community to build a Centre housing its orphans, and the subsequent closure of that Centre despite its evident success, because of a conflict between internal and external interests. This case study is used as the basis of a broader discussion on how those with power, and communities seeking empowerment, are complexly intertwined.
Subject(s)
Child Care/organization & administration , Child, Orphaned/statistics & numerical data , Community Networks/organization & administration , Orphanages/organization & administration , Vulnerable Populations/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Child , Child Care/economics , Child Care/statistics & numerical data , Child, Preschool , Community Networks/economics , Community Networks/trends , Female , Financial Support , HIV Infections/mortality , Humans , Male , Organizational Case Studies , Orphanages/economics , Orphanages/statistics & numerical data , Power, Psychological , Tanzania/epidemiologyABSTRACT
This article explores how Victorian notions of charity translated to evangelical mission projects in the Near East. Focusing on Quaker philanthropist Ann Mary Burgess, it traces the trade networks that she established to serve the Armenian community living in the Ottoman Empire. Burgess's vast network of supporters throughout Britain, Europe, and the Near East enabled her to fund relief projects using profits from goods produced by the orphans and widows served by the Friends' Constantinople Mission. The mapping of these networks reveals the evolving relationship between evangelicalism, the humanitarian movement, and the marketplace in imperial Britain.
Subject(s)
Child, Orphaned , Ethnicity , Relief Work , Religion , Socioeconomic Factors , Widowhood , Women, Working , Anthropology, Cultural/education , Anthropology, Cultural/history , Child, Orphaned/education , Child, Orphaned/history , Child, Orphaned/legislation & jurisprudence , Child, Orphaned/psychology , Ethnicity/education , Ethnicity/ethnology , Ethnicity/history , Ethnicity/legislation & jurisprudence , Ethnicity/psychology , History, 19th Century , Humans , Interpersonal Relations , Orphanages/economics , Orphanages/history , Orphanages/legislation & jurisprudence , Ottoman Empire/ethnology , Public Health/economics , Public Health/education , Public Health/history , Relief Work/economics , Relief Work/history , Relief Work/legislation & jurisprudence , Religion/history , Social Conditions/economics , Social Conditions/history , Social Conditions/legislation & jurisprudence , Social Welfare/economics , Social Welfare/ethnology , Social Welfare/history , Social Welfare/legislation & jurisprudence , Social Welfare/psychology , United Kingdom/ethnology , Widowhood/economics , Widowhood/ethnology , Widowhood/history , Widowhood/legislation & jurisprudence , Widowhood/psychology , Women's Health/economics , Women's Health/ethnology , Women's Health/history , Women's Health/legislation & jurisprudence , Women's Rights/economics , Women's Rights/education , Women's Rights/history , Women's Rights/legislation & jurisprudence , Women, Working/education , Women, Working/history , Women, Working/legislation & jurisprudenceSubject(s)
Community Networks/organization & administration , Congresses as Topic/organization & administration , Fund Raising/organization & administration , International Educational Exchange , Nurses/psychology , Attitude of Health Personnel , Humans , Mexico , Nursing Homes/economics , Orphanages/economicsSubject(s)
Education, Medical, Graduate , Education, Medical , Health Facility Planning , History, 20th Century , Hospitals, Maternity , Hospitals, Military , Local Government , Midwifery , Orphanages , Pharmacies , Physicians , Professional Practice , Public Health , Water Supply , Austria , Education, Medical/economics , Education, Medical/history , Education, Medical/legislation & jurisprudence , Education, Medical, Graduate/economics , Education, Medical, Graduate/history , Education, Medical, Graduate/legislation & jurisprudence , Health Facility Planning/economics , Health Facility Planning/history , Health Facility Planning/legislation & jurisprudence , History of Medicine , History, 19th Century , Hospitals/history , Hospitals, Maternity/economics , Hospitals, Maternity/history , Hospitals, Maternity/legislation & jurisprudence , Hospitals, Military/economics , Hospitals, Military/history , Hospitals, Military/legislation & jurisprudence , Midwifery/economics , Midwifery/history , Midwifery/legislation & jurisprudence , Orphanages/economics , Orphanages/history , Orphanages/legislation & jurisprudence , Pharmacies/economics , Pharmacies/history , Pharmacies/legislation & jurisprudence , Physicians/economics , Physicians/history , Physicians/legislation & jurisprudence , Professional Practice/economics , Professional Practice/history , Professional Practice/legislation & jurisprudence , Public Health/education , Public Health/history , Public Health/legislation & jurisprudence , Public Health Practice/history , Public Health Practice/legislation & jurisprudence , Slovenia/ethnology , Veterinarians/economics , Veterinarians/history , Veterinarians/legislation & jurisprudence , Water Supply/economics , Water Supply/history , Water Supply/legislation & jurisprudenceSubject(s)
Child, Abandoned , Orphanages , Poverty , Social Class , Social Welfare , Socioeconomic Factors , Adolescent , Brazil/ethnology , Child , Child Welfare/economics , Child Welfare/ethnology , Child Welfare/history , Child Welfare/legislation & jurisprudence , Child Welfare/psychology , Child, Abandoned/education , Child, Abandoned/history , Child, Abandoned/legislation & jurisprudence , Child, Abandoned/psychology , Child, Preschool , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , Humans , Orphanages/economics , Orphanages/history , Orphanages/legislation & jurisprudence , Poverty/economics , Poverty/ethnology , Poverty/history , Poverty/psychology , Poverty Areas , Public Health/economics , Public Health/education , Public Health/history , Social Support , Social Welfare/economics , Social Welfare/ethnology , Social Welfare/history , Social Welfare/psychologySubject(s)
Child Welfare , Orphanages , Punishment , Religion , Sexual Behavior , Child , Child Care/economics , Child Care/history , Child Care/legislation & jurisprudence , Child Care/psychology , Child Custody/economics , Child Custody/education , Child Custody/history , Child Custody/legislation & jurisprudence , Child Welfare/economics , Child Welfare/ethnology , Child Welfare/history , Child Welfare/legislation & jurisprudence , Child Welfare/psychology , Child, Abandoned/education , Child, Abandoned/history , Child, Abandoned/legislation & jurisprudence , Child, Abandoned/psychology , Child, Orphaned/education , Child, Orphaned/history , Child, Orphaned/legislation & jurisprudence , Child, Orphaned/psychology , Child, Preschool , England/ethnology , Female , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Humans , Orphanages/economics , Orphanages/history , Orphanages/legislation & jurisprudence , Punishment/history , Punishment/psychology , Religion/history , Sexual Behavior/ethnology , Sexual Behavior/history , Sexual Behavior/physiology , Sexual Behavior/psychology , Social BehaviorSubject(s)
Child Welfare , Child, Orphaned , Public Policy , Religion , Rescue Work , Child Welfare/economics , Child Welfare/ethnology , Child Welfare/history , Child Welfare/legislation & jurisprudence , Child Welfare/psychology , Child, Orphaned/education , Child, Orphaned/history , Child, Orphaned/legislation & jurisprudence , Child, Orphaned/psychology , Child, Preschool , History, 17th Century , Humans , Infant , London/ethnology , Orphanages/economics , Orphanages/history , Orphanages/legislation & jurisprudence , Public Health/economics , Public Health/education , Public Health/history , Public Health/legislation & jurisprudence , Religion/history , Rescue Work/economics , Rescue Work/history , Rescue Work/legislation & jurisprudenceSubject(s)
Child Welfare , Child, Orphaned , Employment , Vocational Education , Child , Child Rearing/ethnology , Child Rearing/history , Child Rearing/psychology , Child Welfare/economics , Child Welfare/ethnology , Child Welfare/history , Child Welfare/legislation & jurisprudence , Child Welfare/psychology , Child, Orphaned/education , Child, Orphaned/history , Child, Orphaned/legislation & jurisprudence , Child, Orphaned/psychology , Employment/economics , Employment/history , Employment/legislation & jurisprudence , Employment/psychology , History, 17th Century , Hospitals/history , Humans , Orphanages/economics , Orphanages/history , Orphanages/legislation & jurisprudence , Paris/ethnology , Societies/economics , Societies/history , Societies/legislation & jurisprudence , Training Support/economics , Training Support/history , Training Support/legislation & jurisprudence , Vocational Education/economics , Vocational Education/history , Vocational Education/legislation & jurisprudenceSubject(s)
Child Welfare , Local Government , Orphanages , Religion , Rural Population , Social Conditions , Child , Child Welfare/economics , Child Welfare/ethnology , Child Welfare/history , Child Welfare/legislation & jurisprudence , Child Welfare/psychology , Child, Preschool , China/ethnology , Government Regulation/history , History, 18th Century , Humans , Orphanages/economics , Orphanages/history , Orphanages/legislation & jurisprudence , Religion/history , Rural Health/history , Rural Population/history , Social Behavior , Social Conditions/economics , Social Conditions/history , Social Conditions/legislation & jurisprudenceSubject(s)
Public Policy , Socioeconomic Factors , State Medicine , Child , Child Rearing/ethnology , Child Rearing/history , Economics/history , Economics/legislation & jurisprudence , Employment/economics , Employment/history , Employment/legislation & jurisprudence , History, 15th Century , History, 16th Century , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, Medieval , Humans , Orphanages/economics , Orphanages/history , Orphanages/legislation & jurisprudence , Public Health Administration/economics , Public Health Administration/history , Public Health Administration/legislation & jurisprudence , Scandinavian and Nordic Countries/ethnology , Social Welfare/economics , Social Welfare/history , Social Welfare/legislation & jurisprudence , State Medicine/history , State Medicine/legislation & jurisprudenceABSTRACT
This article examines the emigration of orphan and deserted children from Bristol to Canada in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This emigration was organised and financed by the local Boards of Guardians and, as such, raises important questions about the way in which state agencies cared for dependent children. The emigration of Poor Law children is explored in relation to debates about childcare, poverty, racial degeneration and imperialism. Of particular interest is the role played by women in promoting child emigration and the article considers the women's contribution to discourse and practice, both locally and nationally. The dynamics of emigration are analysed by using both British and Canadian sources and the tensions associated with pauper emigration are examined in some detail.