ABSTRACT
This article compares the out-of-home care (OOHC) systems for children at-risk in Spain and Israel. Both countries share a strong tradition of placing children at-risk mainly in large residential care settings rather than familial solutions, and both face the challenge of the deinstitutionalization of care, including the tendency to substitute family-based solutions for institutional care. This article follows the historical development and current status of out-of-home care systems, as well as the main research contributions on these topics in both nations, revealing a great similarity. Both countries share a Mediterranean culture, in which the family ties are dominant in providing personal and social well-being. The strong family ties are assumed to be related to the slower consolidation of foster family care as an alternative for out-of-home placement. In Spain it has led to a high prevalence of kinship foster care, while in Israel this has led to high use of residential care settings. The challenges Spain and Israel face given this structure of public child care are discussed
Este artículo compara los sistemas de separación familiar de niños en riesgo en España e Israel. Ambos países comparten una fuerte tradición de dejar a los niños en riesgo principalmente en grandes ispositivos asistenciales residenciales en vez de recurrir a soluciones familiares; ambos hacen frente al reto de la desinstitucionalización de la asistencia, así como la tendencia a sustituir las soluciones centradas en la familia por la acogida institucional. Este artículo sigue el desarrollo histórico y el estado actual de los sistemas de separación familiar y las principales aportaciones de la investigación principal sobre estos temas en ambos países, que muestran una gran semejanza. Ambos países comparten la cultura mediterránea, en la que predominan los lazos familiares en la prestación del bienestar personal y social. Se supone que la fortaleza de estos lazos familiares tiene que ver con la lenta consolidación del acogimiento en una familia como alternativa a la separación familiar. En España esto ha dado lugar a una elevada prevalencia del acogimiento en la familia extensa, mientras que en Israel se han utilizado dispositivos de acogida residencial. Se discuten los retos que afrontan España e Israel ante esta estructura de acogida infantil pública
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Orphanages/trends , Foster Home Care/trends , Child Advocacy/trends , Child Protective Services/organization & administration , Israel , Spain , Risk Factors , Child Abuse/prevention & controlSubject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Young Adult , Quality Assurance, Health Care/standards , Quality Assurance, Health Care/trends , Schools, Nursery/standards , Orphanages/trends , Schools, Nursery/classification , Comprehensive Health Care , Disease Prevention , Medical CareABSTRACT
Este artículo describe el desarrollo histórico de los hogares para niños y jóvenes en Portugal y lleva a cabo una revisión de las investigaciones actuales sobre el sistema portugués de acogimiento residencial. Se apunta la necesidad de cumplir con criterios de calidad en los servicios prestados a los niños y jóvenes y se analiza el concepto de calidad en este contexto. Confrontando la realidad portuguesa con la española, se destaca el limitado número de trabajos de investigación sobre la calidad de los hogares de acogida portugueses y su adaptación a las necesidades de los niños y jóvenes. Se concluye que el acogimiento residencial de menores en Portugal ha ido evolucionando, y sigue funcionando, sin ningún apoyo real en un programa de evaluación amplio y exhaustivo de la calidad de sus servicios. A continuación, se describe un programa de evaluación de la calidad del acogimiento residencial en Portugal cuya implementación permitiría orientar las decisiones políticas y la definición de las prácticas profesionales que respondan alas necesidades de los niños y los jóvenes en acogimiento (AU)
This article describes the evolution of residential care for children and young people in Portugal and how it developed. Institutional care in Portugal has changed and is still changing, but achieved improvements are not truly based on sound criteria and wide service quality evaluation. In comparison to Spanish reality, a research review in Portugal came to the conclusion that there are no studies onthe quality of extended care or information about how those services suit the real needs of children and young people. This fact underlines the importance and urgency of carrying out a broad study on care quality, allowing the assessment of current status, measuring the suitability of the services provided and the matching of institutional offers with real needs. A nationwide evaluation proposal of the residential care system in Portugal is made based on the assessment of institutionalized childrens needs and of the quality ofthe services provided by institutions. Such a broad study will support national-level policy decisions about structures, methods, mechanisms and resources, contributing to a higher degree of specialization and, ultimately, allowing the comparison of the state of residential care in Portugal with the reality in other countries (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , /trends , Orphanages/trends , Child, Abandoned/psychology , Child, Orphaned/psychology , Needs Assessment , Portugal , Risk GroupsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Utilizing an experimental vignette design, this study assessed attitudes in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan toward the implementation of foster care as an alternative to institutions for children in need of care and protection. METHODS: A sample of 111 adults were surveyed in Amman and presented with a vignette describing a 14-year-old boy who came into the care of the Ministry of Social Development when he was a baby after being placed by the grandfather because of shame surrounding the mother being unwed. The vignettes systematically varied as to whether the child was described as raised in an orphanage, with a relative in a kinship foster placement, or with a nonkin foster family. Participants were then asked a series of questions about their acceptance of the child, stigma that the community might attach to the child, and potential outcomes for the child. RESULTS: We found no differences across the acceptance and stigma questions between the kinship and non-kin foster conditions. The 2 foster care options were at least as acceptable as current institutional models across all domains, and participants were more likely to accept the child going to school with or being friends with their child if they were in foster care rather than an institution. CONCLUSIONS: These results represent the first evidence of public acceptance of foster care as a model of care in Jordan and may inform the process of local stakeholders implementing alternatives to institutional care on a meaningful and sustainable scale in the Kingdom and regionally.
Subject(s)
Attitude to Health/ethnology , Cross-Cultural Comparison , Deinstitutionalization/trends , Developing Countries , Foster Home Care/trends , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/ethnology , Social Stigma , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Forecasting , Foster Home Care/psychology , Health Services Research , Humans , Jordan , Male , Middle Aged , Orphanages/trends , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/psychologyABSTRACT
En este trabajo se realiza una evaluación de los programas de acogimiento residencial para menores desde la perspectiva de evaluación de resultados. Tomando dos medidas separadas nueve meses en el tiempo a un total de 175 menores, y utilizando la escala de observación mensual de objetivos del Proyecto Educativo Individualizado, encontramos que, en la mayoría de las dimensiones analizadas, se producen mejoras, aunque éstas no se dan por igual en todos los menores, ni en la misma magnitud. Los análisis diferenciales muestran que variables como el motivo de ingreso y el tiempo de estancia modulan los resultados encontrados. No se encuentran relaciones significativas con la edad ni con el sexo. Estos resultados se discuten en relación con la literatura existente
In this study, the results achieved by residential care programs for minors were evaluated. Two measurements were taken, nine months apart, from a total of 175 minors using a monthly observation scale of goals from an Individualised Educational Project. It was found that, in the majority of the dimensions analysed, there were improvements, although they were not the same for all the minors or of the same magnitude. The differential analyses show that variables such as reason for admission and duration of stay modify the results obtained. There was no significant relationship with age or sex. These results are discussed in the light of existing literature
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Orphanages/trends , Child, Abandoned/psychology , Total Quality Management/methods , Program Evaluation , Child Behavior , Adolescent Behavior , Sex Distribution , Age DistributionABSTRACT
Desde hace veinte años son notables las transformaciones que han vivido las residencias de protección a la infancia en nuestro país. Se ha dedicado un gran esfuerzo en reestructurar las antiguas instituciones en pequeños hogares donde se desarrollan programas de intervención orientados a las necesidades de cada niño o adolescente. Dos décadas después se comienza a reconocer la necesidad de evaluar estos programas para poder asegurar que estamos ofreciendo un servicio adecuado y de calidad a todos los niños que necesitan ser acogidos en residencias. En esta investigación hemos desarrollado una parte del diseño de evaluación de programas residenciales orientada a la evaluación de resultados, con el fin de analizar los factores que inciden en el nivel de logro de objetivos de intervención que forman parte de los Proyectos Educativos Individualizados utilizados por los educadores (AU)
Since the eighties there have been remarkable changes in Spanish residential child care. A great effort was devoted on restructuring old institutions into children homes where intervention programs based on children needs have been developed. Two decades afterwards, the need of evaluating residential care programs has been recognised, in order to be able to make sure that an adequate and quality service is being given to all children who need be attended in residential care. In this research we have used an outcomes evaluation design with the aim of analysing how some variables of the cases are related to the level obtained in individual intervention objectives (AU)
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Child, Preschool , Male , Child , Humans , Orphanages/trends , Social Adjustment , Child Development , Achievement , Early Intervention, Educational/statistics & numerical data , Organizational Objectives , Developmental Disabilities/epidemiologyABSTRACT
This article examines the emigration of orphan and deserted children from Bristol to Canada in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This emigration was organised and financed by the local Boards of Guardians and, as such, raises important questions about the way in which state agencies cared for dependent children. The emigration of Poor Law children is explored in relation to debates about childcare, poverty, racial degeneration and imperialism. Of particular interest is the role played by women in promoting child emigration and the article considers the women's contribution to discourse and practice, both locally and nationally. The dynamics of emigration are analysed by using both British and Canadian sources and the tensions associated with pauper emigration are examined in some detail.
