Hypertrophic Osteopathy Associated with Mycotic Pneumonia in a Roe Deer ( Capreolus capreolus).

Aspergillus fumigatus is one of the most common Aspergillus species causing disease in individual animals but it rarely affects deer species. We report a case of A. fumigatus infection causing mycotic pneumonia and hypertrophic osteopathy in a roe deer ( Capreolus capreolus).

Paraneoplastic hypertrophic osteopathy in 30 dogs.

Paraneoplastic hypertrophic osteopathy (pHO) is known to occur in both canine and human cancer patients. While the pathology of pHO is well-described in the dog, very little information exists regarding the true clinical presentation of dogs affected with pHO. The primary objective of this study was to provide a more comprehensive clinical picture of pHO. To this end, we retrospectively identified 30 dogs and recorded data regarding presenting complaints and physical examination (PE) findings on the date of pHO diagnosis. As a secondary objective, any blood test results were also collected from the computerized records. The most common clinical signs included leg swelling, ocular discharge and/or episcleral injection, lameness, and lethargy. The most common haematological and serum biochemical abnormalities included anaemia, neutrophilia and elevated alkaline phosphatase. In addition to presenting a more detailed clinical description of pHO in the dog, these data support the previously described haematological, serum biochemical and PE abnormalities published in individual case reports.

Osteopatia hipertrófica em sete cães / Hypertrophic osteopathy in seven dogs

Os achados clínico-patológicos de sete casos de osteopatia hipertrófica em cães foram estudados. Os cães afetados apresentavam sinais clínicos indicativos de envolvimento ósseo e lesões macroscópicas principalmente nos ossos longos dos membros. As lesões consistiram de neoformação óssea periosteal detectada em exame radiográfico, na inspeção óssea durante a necropsia e, com grande nível de detalhamento, em espécimes ósseos macerados. A proliferação óssea observada era parcialmente circunferencial e ocorreu principalmente na diáfise dos ossos longos. Era constituída por trabéculas ósseas de tamanho e espessura irregulares que estavam dispostas de forma perpendicular ao córtex ósseo original. Em todos os casos as lesões de osteopatia hipertrófica foram associadas a neoplasmas pulmonares (primários ou metastáticos).

Clinical and pathological aspects of hypertrophic osteopathy in seven dogs were studied. Affected dogs had clinical signs of bone involvement and lesions mainly in the long bones of the limbs. The lesions consisted of periosteal new bone formation detected on radiographic examination, inspection of bones during the necropsy, and with great detail, in macerated bone specimens. The bone proliferation observed was partially circumferential and occurred mainly in the diaphysis of long bones. It consisted of bone trabeculae of irregular size and thickness that were arranged perpendicularly to the original bone cortex. In all cases the lesions were associated with lung neoplasms (primary or metastatic).

[Case report: Hypertrophic osteopathy in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)]. / Hypertrophe Osteopathie beim Reh (Capreolus capreolus).

This report describes a case of hypertrophic osteopathy in an approximately three years old male roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). The hunter reported that the animal was apparently healthy and showed no signs of movement imparities. At dissection, a combination of a lung abscess with bony swellings at the distal parts of the limbs was observed. Further investigation revealed that the bony swellings were caused by a severe periosteal hyperosteosis at the diaphyses of the digital phalanges, metacarpal and metatarsal bones. The periosteal new bone was characterized by the formation of coralliform osteophytes, typically seen in cases of hypertrophic osteopathy. As usual in animals with hypertrophic osteopathy, the pathological changes in this roe deer developed secondary to a intrathoracic lesion (lung abscess).

Treatment of renal nephroblastoma in an adult dog.

An 8-year-old Labrador retriever was diagnosed with a unilateral malignant nephroblastoma and hypertrophic osteopathy. The histopathologically malignant tumor was confined to the renal capsule, but the sarcomatous component was anaplastic, resulting in its classification as a Stage I tumor with unfavorable histopathology. The dog was treated with unilateral nephrectomy, vincristine, and doxorubicin. This dog has remained disease free for >25 months. Reported treatments of renal nephroblastoma in the dog have not described disease-free intervals of >8 months.

Canine hypertrophic osteoarthropathy associated with a malignant Sertoli cell tumour.

A 15-year-old crossbred dog was presented with a severe cough of acute onset and an enlarged right testis. Symptomatic treatment for presumed 'kennel cough' failed to produce any improvement and at re-examination the dog had developed a swollen right forelimb. Radiographic examination suggested a diagnosis of hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy (Marie's disease) associated with pulmonary metastases from a testicular tumour. The dog was re-presented five days later with acute-onset severe vomiting and the owner elected for euthanasia. Necropsy was performed and histopathological assessment confirmed the presence of a Sertoli cell tumour in the right testis with multiple pulmonary and renal metastases. Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy is a rare complication of metastatic canine Sertoli cell tumour. The authors know of no previously reported cases.

Regression of hypertrophic osteopathy in a cat after surgical excision of an adrenocortical carcinoma.

A 12-year-old, spayed, female domestic shorthair cat was diagnosed with severe and extensive hypertrophic osteopathy of the appendicular skeleton. Diagnostic ultrasound detected a mass lesion in the right adrenal gland. A right adrenalectomy was performed, and histopathological examination confirmed an adrenocortical carcinoma. No radiographic evidence of pulmonary metastasis was found on initial presentation or recheck thoracic radiographs taken 15 weeks later. Almost complete regression of periosteal new bone formation occurred 15 weeks following the successful surgical removal of the adrenal tumor.

Paraneoplastic syndromes.

The importance of paraneoplastic syndromes is often underestimated in the horse. Clinically, paraneoplastic syndromes can cause greater morbidity than the actual physical presence of the malignant tumor. The appearance may be the first sign of a malignancy and may be so severe that appropriate therapy for the underlying cancer is not initiated. This article reviews some of the most common paraneoplastic syndromes that are likely to occur in the horse.

Hypertrophic osteopathy (Marie's disease) in Equidae: a review of twenty-four cases.

The case records of 23 horses and one donkey affected by hypertrophic osteopathy (HO) (Marie's disease) were reviewed. All affected animals presented with limb swellings, which were bilaterally symmetrical and usually involved both fore- and hindlimbs. Associated signs included stiffness/lameness and weight loss. Radiological features included periosteal new bone formation over the diaphyses and metaphyses of affected bones. The metacarpal and metatarsal bones were most frequently affected. Articular surfaces remained free of disease. Seventeen animals were destroyed on humane grounds, 3 horses recovered after successful treatment of the primary disease, 3 horses recovered after symptomatic treatment and one horse was lost to follow-up. Significant primary diseases that were believed to predispose to HO were identified (pre- or post mortem) in 14 cases. In each of these cases, an intrathoracic disease was identified, although co-existing extrathoracic disease was present in 3 cases. Granulomatous inflammatory lesions were present in 9 of these 14 cases. In 4 horses, which underwent necropsy examination, no significant underlying disease was identified.

Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy in a raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) with chronic pulmonary inflammatory lesions.

A female raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) captured September 1992 in Nara prefecture, Japan, suffering from swollen joints of all four limbs was necropsied. Radiographically, there was a shadow in the right pulmonary caudal lobe and periosteal bone formation around several joints. Microscopically, there was extensive edema, along with one large and many small pyogranulomatous nodules and purulent bronchitis in the right lobe and left caudal lobe of the lungs. There were intermingled branching filamentous bacteria in the lesion, which stained positively with Warthin-Starry, Grocott, and Gram stains, and partially with periodic acid Schiff and Ziehl-Neelsen stains. Extensive exostosis with coralloid trabeculation had developed bilaterally at the carpal, stifle and hock joints in the surrounding well vascularized loose connective tissue. Degeneration of articular cartilage and villous proliferation of synovial membranes were apparent. This is the first report of hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy in the raccoon dog.

Hypertrophic osteopathy in three horses and a pony.

Hypertrophic osteopathy was diagnosed in 3 horses and in a pony, ranging in age from 8 to 21 years. There were 2 females, 1 sexually intact male, and 1 gelding. In 3 animals, hypertrophic osteopathy was associated with pulmonary abscesses, bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma, and ovarian granulosa-cell tumor, respectively, and resulted in death or euthanasia. Duration of the condition ranged from 1 to 4 months. In 1 horse, hypertrophic osteopathy was believed to be secondary to pregnancy, and resolved following uncomplicated delivery of a live foal.

Costal bone changes similar to hypertrophic osteopathy associated with pulmonary and abdominal mesothelioma in a dog.

An 8-year-old male Irish Setter was admitted because of nonweight bearing lameness of the left forelimb. Radiography failed to reveal any bony lesions of the forelimb; however, extensive periosteal new bone formation over most rib surfaces and an atypical cardiac silhouette suggestive of a mediastinal mass with pleural effusion were observed. New bone formation was seen on the ilium and a filling defect in the urethra, distal to the prostate, was apparent with contrast urethrocystography. Necropsy revealed scirrhous mesothelioma of the thorax and abdomen, multifocal periosteal exostoses, paraprostatic cyst, and benign prostatic cystic hyperplasia. Tumor cells were associated with the periosteal exostotic costal bone. The specific cause of the lameness was not determined.

Hypertrophic osteopathy associated with a bronchial foreign body and lobar pneumonia in a dog.

Hypertrophic osteopathy was diagnosed in a dog with a bronchial foreign body and lobar pneumonia. Hypertrophic osteopathy is generally associated with primary or secondary neoplasms of the lungs and rarely associated with nonneoplastic thoracic lesions. The foreign body and affected lung lobe were removed by pneumonectomy, resulting in recovery of the dog and resolution of the hypertrophic osteopathy lesions.

Evidence of hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy in a chimpanzee, Pan troglodytes.

Dissection of a chimpanzee has revealed the association of an intrathoracic disease (probably coccidioidomycosis) with periosteal lesions that are restricted almost entirely to the appendicular skeleton and are distributed with bilateral symmetry. These pathological conditions are compatible with a diagnosis of hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy.