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2.
Oral Maxillofac Surg ; 18(1): 31-7, 2014 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23271457

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The osteopathology of the jaws associated with bone resorption inhibitors is a current topic that engages a variety of clinical specialists. This has increased after the approval of denosumab for treatment of osteoporosis and skeletal-related events in patients with solid malignancy. Early after the first publications, there is a possible connection between phosphorous necrosis of the jaws, a dreadful industrial disease mentioned, and bisphosphonate-induced pathology. The nineteenth century was the prime time for phosphorus necrosis of match factory workers. RESULTS: This occurrence provides an interesting insight into the medical and surgical profession in the nineteenth century. There are striking parallels and repetition of current and old ideas in the approach to this "new disease." There are similar examples in case descriptions when compared with today's patients of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ). DISCUSSION: Phosphorus necrosis was first described in Austria. Soon after this, surgeons in German-speaking countries including well-known clinicians Wegner (1872) and von Schulthess-Rechberg (1879) pioneered the analysis, preventative measures, and treatment of this disease. The tendency at this time was to approach BRONJ as a "special kind of osteomyelitis" in pretreated and metabolically different bone. Not only the treatment strategy to wait until sequestrum formation with subsequent removal and preventative measures but also the idea of focusing on the periosteum as the triggering anatomical structure may have been adopted from specialists in the nineteenth century. Therefore, phosphorous necrosis of the jaw is an excellent example of "learning from the past."


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/adverse effects , Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw/history , Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw/pathology , Bone Density Conservation Agents/adverse effects , Bone Neoplasms/drug therapy , Bone Neoplasms/secondary , Jaw/drug effects , Jaw/pathology , Osteonecrosis/chemically induced , Osteonecrosis/history , Osteonecrosis/pathology , Osteoporosis/drug therapy , Osteoporosis/history , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use , Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw/therapy , Bone Density Conservation Agents/therapeutic use , Bone Neoplasms/pathology , Denosumab , Female , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Osteonecrosis/therapy , Risk Factors , Switzerland , Young Adult
3.
J Hand Surg Eur Vol ; 39(7): 770-6, 2014 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24027134

ABSTRACT

In 1910, Georg Preiser (1876-1913) described five cases of rarifying osteitis. Based on his imaging studies, he diagnosed post-traumatic avascular necrosis (AVN) of the scaphoid without any sign of primary fracture. This was followed by an article in 1911 in which Preiser related his findings to Kienböck's disease and Köhler's disease of the tarsal navicular. Upon searching the literature, we found descriptions and discussions of Preiser's imaging; however, the original images have never been published. We reproduce Preiser's original imaging in this current review. All of these appear to show a fracture and no signs of AVN, suggesting that Georg Preiser misinterpreted his findings. There is no apparent uniformity in the literature regarding the definition, description, or aetiology of Preiser's disease, and it is for this reason that we find the use of eponyms to be confusing.


Subject(s)
Angiography/history , Fractures, Bone/history , Osteonecrosis/history , Wrist Injuries/history , Adolescent , Adult , Fractures, Bone/diagnosis , Fractures, Bone/etiology , Germany , History, 20th Century , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Osteonecrosis/complications , Osteonecrosis/diagnosis , Scaphoid Bone/blood supply , Scaphoid Bone/diagnostic imaging , Scaphoid Bone/injuries , Wrist Injuries/complications , Wrist Injuries/diagnosis
4.
Virchows Arch ; 463(3): 475-9, 2013 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23812343

ABSTRACT

Modern paleopathology is a multidisciplinary field of research which involves archaeology, medicine and biology. The most common diseases of Ancient Egypt were traumatic injuries, malaria and tuberculosis. Exemplarily, an internistic and trauma surgery case of that time is reviewed: Pharaoh Tutankhamun (ca. 1330-1324 B.C.). Summarising all findings which have been collected between 1922 and 2010, including computed tomography and molecular pathology, a diversity of disease is verifiable: (1) chronic/degenerative diseases (mild kyphoscoliosis, pes planus and hypophalangism of the right foot, bone necrosis of metatarsal bones II-III of the left foot); (2) inflammatory disease (malaria tropica, verified by PCR analysis) and (3) acute trauma (complex fracture of the right knee shortly before death). The most likely cause of death is the severe acute knee fracture and/or the malaria, while a suspected eighteenth dynasty syndrome cannot be proven.


Subject(s)
Mummies/history , Paleopathology/history , Egypt, Ancient , History, Ancient , Humans , Malaria/history , Osteonecrosis/history , Wounds and Injuries/history
5.
Orthopade ; 41(1): 66-72, 2012 Jan.
Article in German | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21739284

ABSTRACT

Kienböck's disease (KD) leads to collapse of the lunate bone with severe consequences for the wrist function which for some patients may result in occupational invalidity. The many synonyms of KD (aseptic necrosis or avascular necrosis) insinuate that the true etiopathology remains poorly understood. This reviews aims at exploring the level of evidence which brought forward the different hypotheses on the origin of KD. The widespread theories about the origin were formed about 100 years ago but a specific therapy is still not within reach. Although the cause of the disease remains essentially unknown it is officially recognized as an occupational disease in Germany. Empirical attempts to explain the etiopathology are based on compression of the lunate, impaired vascularity through vibration exposition, fracture and dislocation of the lunate from the radiolunate fossa. The level of evidence urges a cautious interpretation of currently discussed hypotheses on the etiology of KD.


Subject(s)
Orthopedics/history , Osteonecrosis/history , Germany , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans
7.
J Hand Surg Eur Vol ; 35(7): 533, 2010 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20719887
8.
Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir ; 42(3): 153-6, 2010 Jun.
Article in German | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20552543

ABSTRACT

Robert Kienböck is best known for his radiological identification and description of avascular necrosis of the lunate. But today there is only little knowledge of the man behind Kienböck's disease and his work. Kienböck's contributions to medicine, particularly the diagnosis of diseases of bones and as a pioneer in radiotherapy, were extraordinary. Indeed, there is no topic in the field of radiology that was not enriched by Kienböck through his gigantic scientific work. 204 references of Robert Kienböck are cited and the complete original publication on lunatomalacia from 1910 is added in the electronic version.


Subject(s)
Lunate Bone , Osteonecrosis/history , Radiotherapy/history , Austria , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Humans
10.
J Hand Surg Eur Vol ; 35(7): 534-7, 2010 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20427409

ABSTRACT

Robert Kienböck is best remembered for his publication "Concerning traumatic malacia of the lunate and it's consequences" in 1910. However, this is only one of 250 publications, an eight volume edition on radiology and his uncountable presentations to the scientific world. He also was an inventor and entrepreneur and the first president of the Austrian Röntgen Society.


Subject(s)
Lunate Bone , Osteonecrosis/history , Radiography/history , Austria , Female , History, 20th Century , Humans , Male , Osteonecrosis/diagnostic imaging , Osteonecrosis/therapy , X-Ray Therapy/history
12.
J Oral Maxillofac Surg ; 67(5 Suppl): 13-8, 2009 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19371810

ABSTRACT

The efficacy of bisphosphonates in controlling skeletally related events in cancer patients and fractures in osteoporotic patients coupled with a relatively low level of toxicity and adverse events resulted in a widespread use of these medications in oncology and general internal medicine. However, in early 2001 a relationship had been established between these medications and a new disease entity characterized by necrosis of bone that was isolated to the jaws. This paper will present the chronology of events that led to the discovery of this new complication now known as bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw and review the reaction of professional organizations, the pharmaceutical industry, and government regulators.


Subject(s)
Bone Density Conservation Agents/history , Diphosphonates/history , Jaw Diseases/history , Osteonecrosis/history , Bone Density Conservation Agents/adverse effects , Bone Neoplasms/drug therapy , Bone Neoplasms/secondary , Diphosphonates/adverse effects , History, 18th Century , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , Jaw Diseases/chemically induced , Jurisprudence , Osteonecrosis/chemically induced , Osteoporosis/prevention & control , Phosphorus/adverse effects , United States
13.
J Oral Maxillofac Surg ; 66(11): 2356-63, 2008 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18940506

ABSTRACT

The infamous "phossy jaw" that created an epidemic of exposed bone osteonecrosis exclusively in the jaws began around 1858 and continued until 1906, with only a few cases appearing since that time. This epidemic of osteonecrosis produced pain, swelling, debilitation, and a reported mortality of 20% and was linked to "yellow phosphorous," the key ingredient in "strike-anywhere" matches. In match-making factories, workers called "mixers," "dippers," and "boxers" were exposed to heated fumes containing this compound. Related to the duration of exposure, many of these workers developed painful exposed bone in the mouth, whereas their office-based counterparts did not. The exposed bone and clinical course were eerily similar to what modern day oral and maxillofacial surgeons see due to bisphosphonates used to treat metastatic cancer deposits in bone or osteoporosis. Although yellow phosphorus has a simple chemistry of P(4)O(10), when combined with H(2)O and CO(2) from respiration and with common amino acids, such as lysine, bisphosphonates almost identical to alendronate (Fosamax; Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ) and pamidronate (Aredia; Novartis Pharmaceuticals) result. Forensic evidence directly points to conversion of the yellow phosphorus in patients with "phossy jaw" to potent amino bisphosphonates by natural chemical reactions in the human body. Thus, the cause of phossy jaw in the late 1800s was actually bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the jaws, long before clever modern pharmaceutical chemists synthesized bisphosphonates. Today's bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis represents the second epidemic of "phossy jaw." Case closed.


Subject(s)
Jaw Diseases/history , Osteonecrosis/history , Phosphorus/adverse effects , Bone Density Conservation Agents/adverse effects , Bone Density Conservation Agents/chemistry , Bone Remodeling/physiology , Diphosphonates/adverse effects , Diphosphonates/chemistry , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , Jaw Diseases/chemically induced , Occupational Diseases/history , Osteoclasts/pathology , Osteonecrosis/chemically induced , Phosphorus/chemistry
18.
J Soc Biol ; 200(3): 265-72, 2006.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17417142

ABSTRACT

To review the impact of Paul Bert's researches on hyperbaric work in tunnelling, the status of the industry in 1878 is described. Mostly based on the application of Triger's machine it was used to mine coal below the water table or to dig foundations for bridges in rivers or close to rivers. The results and conclusions obtained by Paul Bert which are applicable in that particular field are listed. The major steps of research or remarkable achievements in construction between 1878 and 2006 are presented as well as the evolution of decompression tables. Improvement in safety and conditions of caisson workers has been continuous until the technical revolution resulting from the introduction and the development of tunnelling boring machines (TBM) in the late 80's. TBM technology has resulted in major changes in tunnel construction. Hyperbaric interventions have also changed completely since human operators no longer work in pressurized conditions. Only occasional inspections and repairs are carried out under pressure. Present performance in hyperbaric conditions are reported, and high pressures reached in the 2000's using saturation technology are described. The future of hyperbaric works is also discussed whether for very high pressure, or complete replacement of caisson workers in TBMs. These descriptions show that Paul Bert provides us with very clear directions to improve safety in hyperbaric conditions and that none of his recommendations were mistaken, most being still relevant.


Subject(s)
Atmospheric Pressure , Barotrauma/history , Mining/history , Occupational Diseases/history , Accidents, Occupational , Automation/history , Barotrauma/etiology , Barotrauma/physiopathology , Barotrauma/prevention & control , Decompression Sickness/etiology , Decompression Sickness/history , Decompression Sickness/physiopathology , Decompression Sickness/prevention & control , Ear, Middle/injuries , Forecasting , France , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , Inert Gas Narcosis/etiology , Inert Gas Narcosis/history , Inert Gas Narcosis/physiopathology , Mining/instrumentation , Mining/methods , Nitrogen/adverse effects , Occupational Diseases/etiology , Occupational Diseases/physiopathology , Occupational Health , Osteonecrosis/etiology , Osteonecrosis/history , Osteonecrosis/physiopathology , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/adverse effects , Pressure , Protective Devices , Ventilators, Mechanical
19.
J Hand Surg Am ; 30(6): 1117-21, 2005 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16344165

ABSTRACT

Robert Kienböck was the first to identify and describe Kienböck's disease. Considered one of the early fathers of radiology, he was a prolific researcher who made an immense contribution to the early development of radiology. In addition to groundbreaking work in therapeutic radiology Kienböck had a special interest in diseases of the bones and joints, especially those that involved the hand. Kienböck's contribution to medicine, particularly the diagnosis of hand disorders, continues to resonate today.


Subject(s)
Osteonecrosis/history , Radiology/history , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Humans
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