ABSTRACT
Papilledema has long been recognized as a valuable sign of increased intracranial pressure (ICP). But because papilledema is based on interruption of the energy-dependent process of axoplasmic flow, it appears late after a rise in ICP. Papilledema is usually present in chronically high ICP but sometimes asymmetrically in the 2 eyes and rarely in 1 eye only. Distinguishing it from other optic neuropathies that produce elevated optic discs is challenging, especially in the chronic phase, when visual function may be impaired. Papilledema is often an unrecognized cause of optic disc edema in inflammatory and compressive meningeal disorders that interfere with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) passage through the arachnoid granulations. Its detection is particularly critical in patients with noncompliant ventricles or extraventricular blockage of cerebrospinal flow because imaging may fail to disclose conventional signs of high ICP. Therefore, patients with indwelling CSF shunts, tuberous sclerosis, chronic granulomatous meningitis, or meningiomatosis should be periodically examined for papilledema so that timely ICP-lowering measures can be instituted to preserve vision.
Subject(s)
Papilledema , Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts/methods , History, 20th Century , Humans , Intracranial Hypertension/etiology , Models, Biological , Papilledema/complications , Papilledema/diagnosis , Papilledema/history , Papilledema/surgeryABSTRACT
Although Foster Kennedy is the name given to the syndrome localizing an intracranial tumour with respect to papilloedema, it is important to recognize how Victor Horsley was one of the strongest proponents in the usefulness of that sign. Not only did he describe the constellation of findings before Kennedy did, he was also probably one of the people who had influenced Kennedy the most during the latter's time at the National Hospital for Nervous Diseases at Queen Square. It is therefore appropriate that Victor Horsley's characterization in 1910 of the findings that were later recorded as the Foster Kennedy syndrome, and that his altruistic encouragement of Kennedy's publication of the findings, receive recognition and appreciation in the medical and historical community.
Subject(s)
Brain Neoplasms/history , Optic Nerve Diseases/history , Papilledema/history , History, 20th CenturySubject(s)
Meningioma/history , Adolescent , Brain Neoplasms/diagnosis , Brain Neoplasms/history , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , History, 20th Century , Humans , Infant , Male , Meningioma/diagnosis , Meningioma/epidemiology , Meningioma/etiology , Papilledema/history , Papilledema/radiotherapy , Radiotherapy/adverse effects , Radiotherapy/history , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/historyABSTRACT
É descrita a evoluçäo de 1 caso de drusa de papila. O aspecto inicial era muito semelhante ao edema de papila de etiologia central, concluindo-se pelo diagnóstico de drusas através da propedêutica ocular e neurológica. Os autores descrevem a evoluçäo desta doença acompanhada nas suas fases aguda e sub-aguda, o que no presente caso, durou 2 meses
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Papilledema/history , BrazilABSTRACT
Holmes' priority in establishing an extensive body of knowledge that defines much of neuro-ophthalmology is given. His original descriptions are reviewed and his findings reappraised in light of present-day knowledge.
