Subject(s)
Cushing Syndrome/drug therapy , Hydrocortisone/urine , Ketoconazole/therapeutic use , Preoperative Care/methods , Cushing Syndrome/complications , Cushing Syndrome/diagnosis , Cushing Syndrome/surgery , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Paranoid Disorders/etiology , Paranoid Disorders/urine , Pulmonary Embolism/etiology , Pulmonary Embolism/urine , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
It has been suggested that phenylethylamine (PEA) may play a role in the modulation of affective behavior. The aim of the present study was to test this hypothesis. Urinary PEA excretion was determined in 32 drug-free healthy volunteers, and the MMPI was used for personality assessment. In support of this hypothesis, a significant positive correlation between PEA and hypomania (r = 0.50; P less than 0.05) and a significant negative correlation between PEA and depression (r = -0.58; P less than 0.01) was observed in the female subgroup. Furthermore, PEA correlated significantly negatively with hypochondriasis (r = -0.65; P less than 0.01), paranoia (r = 0.49; P less than 0.05), and social introversion (r = -0.60; P less than 0.05). These results are the first evidence in normal individuals either that PEA itself might play a role in the modulation of affective behavior, or alternatively that PEA could be related to mechanisms responsible for the modulation of affective behavior.
Subject(s)
Bipolar Disorder/urine , Depressive Disorder/urine , Introversion, Psychological , MMPI , Paranoid Disorders/urine , Phenethylamines/urine , Adult , Bipolar Disorder/psychology , Depressive Disorder/psychology , Female , Humans , Male , Paranoid Disorders/psychology , PsychometricsABSTRACT
The excretion of the hallucinogen dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and its precursor N-methyltryptamine (NMT) was studied among 74 recently admitted psychiatric patients and 19 normal persons. Both compounds were detected in 24-hour urine samples from all subjects. Dimethyltryptamine excretion was greatest in schizophrenia, mania, and "other psychosis" and tended to decline as clinical state improved. Psychotic depressives excreted smaller amounts of DMT more akin to those excreted by neurotic and normal subjects. Urinary NMT excretion was unrelated to psychiatric diagnosis. Ratings on the Present State Examination (PSE) also indicated that increased excretion of DMT was associated with psychotic rather than neurotic psychopathology. Forty-three percent of the variance in urinary DMT levels could be explained in terms of six of the 38 PSE syndromes. Syndromes suggesting elation, perceptual abnormalities, and difficulty in thinking and communicating were most correlated with raised urinary DMT excretion.
Subject(s)
N,N-Dimethyltryptamine/urine , Psychotic Disorders/urine , Tryptamines/urine , Adolescent , Adult , Affective Disorders, Psychotic/urine , Aged , Bipolar Disorder/urine , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neurotic Disorders/urine , Paranoid Disorders/urine , Psychotic Disorders/psychology , Schizophrenia/urineABSTRACT
The excretion of dimethyltryptamine (DMT) was studied amongst 122 recently admitted psychiatric patients and 20 normal subjects. DMT was detected in the urine of 47% of those diagnosed by their psychiatrists as schizophrenic, 38% of those with other non-affective psychoses, 13% of those with affective psychoses, 19% of those with neurotic and personality disorders and 5% of normal subjects. Ninety-nine patients were interviewed in a semi-standardized fashion, and also categorized according to a variety of operational definitions of the psychoses. The operational definitions failed to reveal any group significantly more correlated with urinary DMT than a hospital diagnosis of schizophrenia, but a discriminant function analysis of symptomatology could be used to define a group of 21 patients of whom 15 (71%) excreted detectable DMT. There was a general relationship between psychotic symptoms and urinary DMT, but specifically schizophrenic symptoms did not appear to be major determinants of DMT excretion.
