Surgical treatment associated with adjuvant chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide and piroxicam in cervical sarcoma of a blue-fronted amazon (Amazona aestiva): case report / Tratamento cirúrgico com uso de quimioterapia adjuvante com ciclofosfamida e piroxicam em sarcoma cervical de um papagaio-verdadeiro (Amazona aestiva): relato de caso

The occurrence of neoplasms in birds is still unknown, with the literature based mainly on scarce reports, in this context, data about epidemiology in specific species are almost nonexistent. Sarcomas are malignant mesenchymal origin neoplasms, which can develop from different tissues, such as adipose, cartilage, bone, among others. The occurrence of sarcomas in birds has been previously described, with different therapeutic approaches. The present report describes the clinical approach in a blue-fronted amazon (Amazona aestiva) diagnosed with a soft tissue sarcoma in the dorsal cervical region, with surgical excision associated with a metronomic chemotherapy protocol as an adjuvant. The therapeutic combination proved to be effective in controlling the disease, guaranteeing important survival, with clinical absence of side effects.(AU)

A ocorrência das neoplasias em aves ainda é desconhecida, com a literatura se baseando principalmente em relatos escassos, nesse contexto, dados acerca de epidemiologia em espécies específicas são quase inexistentes. Os sarcomas são neo-plasias malignas de origem mesenquimal, podendo se desenvolver a partir de tecidos diversos, como adiposo, cartilaginoso, ósseo, dentre outros. A ocorrência de sarcomas em aves já foi previamente descrita, com diferentes abordagens terapêuticas. O presente relato descreve a abordagem clínica em um papagaio-verdadeiro (Amazona aestiva) diagnosticado com um sarcoma de tecidos moles em região cervical dorsal, sendo realizada a exérese cirúrgica associada a protocolo quimioterápico metronô-mico em caráter adjuvante. A combinação terapêutica se mostrou eficaz no controle da doença, garantindo sobrevida impor-tante, na ausência clínica de efeitos colaterais.(AU)

Surgical treatment associated with adjuvant chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide and piroxicam in cervical sarcoma of a blue-fronted amazon (Amazona aestiva): case report / Tratamento cirúrgico com uso de quimioterapia adjuvante com ciclofosfamida e piroxicam em sarcoma cervical de um papagaio-verdadeiro (Amazona aestiva): relato de caso

The occurrence of neoplasms in birds is still unknown, with the literature based mainly on scarce reports, in this context, data about epidemiology in specific species are almost nonexistent. Sarcomas are malignant mesenchymal origin neoplasms, which can develop from different tissues, such as adipose, cartilage, bone, among others. The occurrence of sarcomas in birds has been previously described, with different therapeutic approaches. The present report describes the clinical approach in a blue-fronted amazon (Amazona aestiva) diagnosed with a soft tissue sarcoma in the dorsal cervical region, with surgical excision associated with a metronomic chemotherapy protocol as an adjuvant. The therapeutic combination proved to be effective in controlling the disease, guaranteeing important survival, with clinical absence of side effects.

A ocorrência das neoplasias em aves ainda é desconhecida, com a literatura se baseando principalmente em relatos escassos, nesse contexto, dados acerca de epidemiologia em espécies específicas são quase inexistentes. Os sarcomas são neo-plasias malignas de origem mesenquimal, podendo se desenvolver a partir de tecidos diversos, como adiposo, cartilaginoso, ósseo, dentre outros. A ocorrência de sarcomas em aves já foi previamente descrita, com diferentes abordagens terapêuticas. O presente relato descreve a abordagem clínica em um papagaio-verdadeiro (Amazona aestiva) diagnosticado com um sarcoma de tecidos moles em região cervical dorsal, sendo realizada a exérese cirúrgica associada a protocolo quimioterápico metronô-mico em caráter adjuvante. A combinação terapêutica se mostrou eficaz no controle da doença, garantindo sobrevida impor-tante, na ausência clínica de efeitos colaterais.

Ressecção cirúrgica do metatarso em ave por avulsão traumática de dígito / Metatarsus surgical resection in bird by traumatic digit avulsion

No panorama social atual, as aves representam, de um modo geral, as espécies da fauna silvestre que mais são mantidas como animais de companhia, de modo que a criação de aves em cativeiro como animais domésticos está sendo popularizada. Isso se justifica não somente pelo aumento no número desses animais que vêm sendo mantidos por proprietários e criadores, como também pelo progresso no que diz respeito aos conhecimentos sanitários, zootécnicos e nutricionais. O desenvolvimento deste mercado no Brasil exige cada vez mais uma capacitação pelo médico-veterinário, visto que, um manejo incorreto, assim como as gaiolas, viveiros, poleiros e objetos de formato e materiais impróprios, podem levar ao aparecimento de lesões que, se tratadas de forma inadequada, causam sérios riscos à saúde do animal. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar um caso de ressecção cirúrgica do metatarso em um psitacídeo da espécie Eupsittula aurea após uma lesão que levou à automutilação com avulsão traumática de dígito pela ave, avaliando o tratamento utilizado para sanar essa enfermidade.(AU)

In the current social context, the birds represent, in general, the species of the wild fauna that are most kept as pet animals, in a way that the captive breeding of birds as pets is being popularized. This is justified not only by the increase in the number of these animals being kept by owners and breeders, but also by the progress in health, zootechnical and nutritional knowledge. The development of this market in Brazil, increasingly requires veterinarians capacity by the veterinarian, since an inadequate handling, as the uses of small cages and nurseries, perches and objects of inadequate forms and materials, can take to the incidence of injuries that, if mistreated can, cause real risk to the animal health. This current work has the objective of relate a case of metatarsus surgical resection in a psittacine of the species Eupsittula aurea after an injury that led to self-mutilation with traumatic digit avulsion of the bird, analyzing the treatment utilized to heal this disease.(AU)

Anestesia multimodal em Agapornis personata submetido a amputação de asa / Multimodal anesthesia in Agapornis personata submitted to wing amputation

Existem poucos estudos para padronizar farmacologicamente o uso de drogas anestésica em aves, sendo comum serem encontradas diferentes condutas profissionais. O presente estudo relata um procedimento anestésico de um psitacídeo de 9 meses atendido no setor de Animais Silvestres e Exóticos do Hospital Veterinário da UFBA. A ave foi submetida a anestesia geral para amputação da asa esquerda, mantida sob anestesia inalatória com isufluorano via máscara orofacial, além de um protocolo pré-anestésico composto pelo butorfanol (1 mg/kg) e midazolam (0,4 mg/kg). A lidocaína sem vasoconstritor (2 mg/kg)foi utilizada na anestesia local para otimizar o procedimento. O animal foi monitorado durante todo o trans e pós-operatório, mantendo um plano anestésico adequado. A recuperação foi segura e relativamente rápida. O animal teve alta no mesmo dia, estando estável e alerta. O proprietário relatou que a ave não demonstrou sinais de dor, mantendo normal a ingestão de água e alimento menos de 24h após a alta. A partir do exposto, o processo anestésico foi bem-sucedido e o prognóstico é bom. Dessa maneira, o presente trabalho contribui com dados importantes para a comunidade científica da área, visto que o protocolo anestésico em aves ainda é pouco relatado.(AU)

There are few studies to pharmacologically standardize the use of anesthetic drugs in birds, and it is common to find different professional behaviors. The present study reports ananesthetic procedure of a 9-month parrot attended at the Wild and Exotic Animals sector of the UFBA Veterinary Hospital. The bird underwent general anesthesia for left wing amputation, maintained under inhalation anesthesia with isufluorane via orofacial mask, inaddition to a pre-anesthetic protocol consisting of butorphanol (1 mg / kg) and midazolam(0.4 mg / kg). Lidocaine without vasoconstrictor (2 mg / kg) was used in local anesthesia to optimize the procedure. The animal was monitored throughout the trans and postoperative periods, maintaining an adequate anesthetic plan. Recovery was safe and relatively fast. The animal was discharged on the same day, being stable and alert. The owner reported that the bird showed no signs of pain, maintaining normal food and water intake less than 24 hours after discharge. From the above, the anesthetic process was successful and the prognosis is good. Thus, the present study contributes important data to the scientific community in the area, since the anesthetic protocol in birds is still poorly reported.(AU)

Ressecção cirúrgica do metatarso em ave por avulsão traumática de dígito / Metatarsus surgical resection in bird by traumatic digit avulsion

No panorama social atual, as aves representam, de um modo geral, as espécies da fauna silvestre que mais são mantidas como animais de companhia, de modo que a criação de aves em cativeiro como animais domésticos está sendo popularizada. Isso se justifica não somente pelo aumento no número desses animais que vêm sendo mantidos por proprietários e criadores, como também pelo progresso no que diz respeito aos conhecimentos sanitários, zootécnicos e nutricionais. O desenvolvimento deste mercado no Brasil exige cada vez mais uma capacitação pelo médico-veterinário, visto que, um manejo incorreto, assim como as gaiolas, viveiros, poleiros e objetos de formato e materiais impróprios, podem levar ao aparecimento de lesões que, se tratadas de forma inadequada, causam sérios riscos à saúde do animal. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar um caso de ressecção cirúrgica do metatarso em um psitacídeo da espécie Eupsittula aurea após uma lesão que levou à automutilação com avulsão traumática de dígito pela ave, avaliando o tratamento utilizado para sanar essa enfermidade.

In the current social context, the birds represent, in general, the species of the wild fauna that are most kept as pet animals, in a way that the captive breeding of birds as pets is being popularized. This is justified not only by the increase in the number of these animals being kept by owners and breeders, but also by the progress in health, zootechnical and nutritional knowledge. The development of this market in Brazil, increasingly requires veterinarians capacity by the veterinarian, since an inadequate handling, as the uses of small cages and nurseries, perches and objects of inadequate forms and materials, can take to the incidence of injuries that, if mistreated can, cause real risk to the animal health. This current work has the objective of relate a case of metatarsus surgical resection in a psittacine of the species Eupsittula aurea after an injury that led to self-mutilation with traumatic digit avulsion of the bird, analyzing the treatment utilized to heal this disease.

Can chronic crack-cocaine exposure cause parrot foot necrosis? A possible hypothesis

Background: Parrot foot necrosis is a poorly understood dermatitis with difficult diagnosis and treatment that has been reported in all species of Amazon parrots. Diagnosis is usually achieved by detailed history and ruling out other causes through evaluation of CBC and biochemical profile. Prolonged crack-cocaine misuse could cause digit or nail lesions in humans. In this report similar clinical manifestations in two African gray parrots owned by crack-cocaine addicted users have been reported. Cases: Two African gray parrots were referred with pruritic foot, discoloration of digits, black and brown patching of the scales on the feet and legs associated with soft tissue swelling. Gross necrosis and self mutilation were also observed. According to the history, both birds had been suffering from the lesions for the past few weeks. A detailed history was obtained for each patient, including environmental condition and their main diet was nuts and fruits. Common causes were ruled out through evaluation of CBC and biochemical profile. Based on gross characteristics and distribution of lesions, foot necrosis was diagnosed. Husbandry recommendations were given and antibiotics were prescribed to prevent possible infections. However, no improvements were seen, following the prescribed medication. Also deterioration of the clinical signs and feet lesions were observed. Typical finger tips showed gangrenous necrosis and very severe dark discoloration. After scrutiny in history taking, and visit of the owner's residence, it was evident that the birds have been exposed to the owner's crack-cocaine smoking area for at least two years. One of the owners accepted the recommendation of amputation of the affected digits and changing either the owner or environment. Follow-up showed no further lesion progression. Discussion: This clinical report presents two cases of parrots exposed to long term crack-cocaine smoke released to the environment. Generally speaking pet birds such as African gray parrots, used to share in many social activities with their owners, and such a behavior makes them more vulnerable to develop lesions in polluted environment. The history of both patients did not show any exposure to external or internal irritant of epithelial tissues except that they were continuously in close contact with crack-cocaine smoke. Clinical manifestations of both cases were similar in the first visit and followup clinical examination. So, according to the history and physical examination fi nding and ruling out other possibilities, it is assumed that foot necrosis may occur following long-term exposure of a bird in a crack-heroin-polluted area. Skin lesions such as burns and blackened hyperkeratosis on hands or digits of human associated with the use of crack have been reported before. Vasoconstriction (due to cocaine exposure) would be able to cause persistent hypoxia at the periphery. Another possible reason for these signs is acute peripheral arterial thrombosis associated with cocaine. Cocaine has also been associated with small vessel vasculitis. It is therefore postulated that, prolonged habitual use of crack-cocaine by parrot owners may result in visible digital changes (caused by multiple prolonged episodes of vasoconstriction, peripheral arterial thrombosis, hypoxia and ischemia) in parrots and could be one of the reasons for foot necrosis.