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1.
Ethn Dis ; 34(1): 25-32, 2024 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38854791

ABSTRACT

Objective: Racial disparities in health outcomes are a persistent threat in gentrifying neighborhoods. A contributor to health outcomes is health services utilization, the extent to which people receive care from a medical professional. There are documented racial disparities in health services utilization in the general population. We aim to determine whether racial disparities in health services utilization exist in gentrifying neighborhoods. Methods: We used data from the American Community Survey to identify gentrifying neighborhoods across the United States from 2006 to 2017. We collected data on three measures of healthcare services utilization (office-based physician visits, office-based nonphysician visits, and having a usual source of care) for 247 Black and 689 White non-Hispanic respondents of the 2014 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey living in gentrifying neighborhoods. We used modified Poisson models to determine whether there is a difference in the prevalence of health services utilization by race among residents of gentrifying neighborhoods. Results: After adjusting for age, gender, education, income, employment, insurance, marital status, region, and self-rated health, Black residents of gentrifying neighborhoods demonstrated a similar prevalence of having an office-based physician visit, a lower prevalence of having an office-based nonphysician visit (prevalence ratio: 0.74; 95% confidence interval, 0.60 to 0.91), and a lower prevalence of having a usual source of care (prevalence ratio: 0.87; 95% confidence interval, 0.77 to 0.98) than White residents. Conclusions: The existence of racial disparities in health services utilization in US gentrifying neighborhoods demonstrates a need for policy-relevant solutions to create a more equitable distribution of health resources.


Subject(s)
Black or African American , Healthcare Disparities , Patient Acceptance of Health Care , White People , Humans , Male , Female , United States , Middle Aged , Adult , Healthcare Disparities/ethnology , Healthcare Disparities/statistics & numerical data , Black or African American/statistics & numerical data , White People/statistics & numerical data , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/ethnology , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Neighborhood Characteristics/statistics & numerical data , Aged , Residence Characteristics/statistics & numerical data , Young Adult , Adolescent
2.
J Health Care Poor Underserved ; 35(2): 583-604, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38828583

ABSTRACT

Sexual minority women (SMW) experience worse health than their heterosexual counterparts but have largely been omitted from health services research. To address this gap, we conducted 25 semi-structured, in-depth interviews with SMW. Transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis, and findings were organized using a modified socioecological framework. Key themes at each socioecological level include (1) structural: stigma, sociocultural norms, health infrastructure; (2) organizational: stigma, patient-provider relationship, hours and location, linkage to care and co-location of services; (3) interpersonal: stigma and social support; (4) individual: internalized stigma, self-efficacy, socioeconomic status, health literacy, and intersecting identities. Stigma is the central theme affecting vulnerabilized SMW's experiences accessing care. Anti-stigma initiatives and factors that lead to personal resilience and can mitigate care access barriers were identified at each level. Interventions should focus on building inclusive policies/infrastructure and using SMW's unique social networks to empower and improve care access and health outcomes among vulnerabilized SMW.


Subject(s)
Patient Acceptance of Health Care , Sexual and Gender Minorities , Social Stigma , Humans , Female , Sexual and Gender Minorities/psychology , Adult , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/ethnology , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/psychology , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Social Support , Qualitative Research , Health Services Accessibility , Interviews as Topic
3.
J Health Care Poor Underserved ; 35(2): 481-502, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38828577

ABSTRACT

This study analyzed electronic health record (EHR) data from 2016 through 2019 from a federally qualified health center (FQHC) serving predominantly low-income Latine immigrants in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area to examine how changes in health insurance coverage relate to changes in health care use. Federally qualified health center clients were insured for an average of 59% to 63% of their annual visits, but about one-third had no coverage throughout the year. Findings from descriptive regression and within-client fixed effects models indicate that in years with higher proportions of insured visits, clients averaged more medical visits and interpreter services but fewer mental health and care coordination visits. Latine immigrant clients in D.C., a city with a universal health insurance option, had health insurance coverage for 89% of their visits, and averaged more medical and fewer coordination visits relative to those in a neighboring county in a state without a universal insurance option.


Subject(s)
Emigrants and Immigrants , Hispanic or Latino , Insurance Coverage , Humans , Emigrants and Immigrants/statistics & numerical data , Insurance Coverage/statistics & numerical data , Adult , Female , Male , Middle Aged , Hispanic or Latino/statistics & numerical data , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/ethnology , District of Columbia , Insurance, Health/statistics & numerical data , Young Adult , Adolescent , Poverty , Health Policy
4.
BMC Public Health ; 24(1): 1497, 2024 Jun 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38834946

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Many ethnic minorities in Hong Kong seek medical tourism after encountering inequalities in access to local healthcare because of language barriers and cultural-religious differences. The present study explored the ethnic minorities' lived experiences of medical tourism and issues arising from cross-border health-seeking relevant to this specific population. METHODS: Qualitative in-depth interviews with 25 ethnic minority informants from five South Asian countries in 2019. RESULTS: The 19 informants out of the 25 have sought assistance from their international networks for home remedies, medical advice and treatments of traditional/Western medicines, for they are more costly or unavailable in Hong Kong and for issues related to racial discrimination, language barriers, transnationalism engagement, cultural insensitivity, and dissatisfaction with healthcare services in Hong Kong. DISCUSSION: Medical tourism can relieve the host country's caring responsibilities from healthcare services, so the government might no longer be hard-pressed to fix the failing healthcare system. Consequently, it could cause public health concerns, such as having patients bear the risks of exposure to new pathogens, the extra cost from postoperative complications, gaps in medical documentation and continuum of care, etc. It also triggers global inequities in health care, exacerbating unequal distribution of resources among the affordable and non-affordable groups. CONCLUSION: Ethnic minorities in Hong Kong sought cross-border healthcare because of structural and cultural-religious issues. The surge of medical tourism from rich and developed countries to poor and developing countries may infringe upon the rights of residents in destination countries. To mitigate such negative impacts, policymakers of host countries should improve hospital infrastructure, as well as train and recruit more culturally sensitive healthcare workers to promote universal health coverage. Healthcare professionals should also strive to enhance their cultural competence to foster effective intercultural communication for ethnic minority groups.


Subject(s)
Medical Tourism , Patient Acceptance of Health Care , Humans , Medical Tourism/psychology , Medical Tourism/statistics & numerical data , Male , Female , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/ethnology , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/psychology , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Adult , Middle Aged , Hong Kong , Qualitative Research , Ethnic and Racial Minorities/statistics & numerical data , Health Services Accessibility , Interviews as Topic , Public Health , Aged , Young Adult , Minority Groups/psychology , Minority Groups/statistics & numerical data , Ethnicity/psychology , Ethnicity/statistics & numerical data
5.
Gen Hosp Psychiatry ; 89: 69-74, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38815506

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Depression is one of the costliest and most prevalent health conditions in the U.S. with 21 million adults having experienced at least one major depressive episode. Despite the availability of evidence-based treatments for depression, a large proportion of people with new diagnoses fail to initiate formal mental health treatment. Although individuals across all racial and ethnic groups fail to initiate treatment for depression, historically minoritized racial/ethnic groups are at even greater risk. METHOD: Thirty-four participants representing historically underserved racial and ethnic populations from two large health care systems in the U.S. participated in qualitative interviews or focus group to identify factors that impede and facilitate depression treatment initiation in primary care settings. RESULTS: Participants identified individual and systemic barriers and facilitators of treatment initiation for depression and suggested several ideas for increasing treatment engagement (i.e., increased communication and education from providers, community events, information on social media). CONCLUSION: Novel interventions are needed to improve treatment initiation following initial diagnosis of depression in primary care settings. Findings from this study offer suggestions for improving treatment initiation in traditionally underserved communities.


Subject(s)
Primary Health Care , Humans , Adult , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Primary Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/ethnology , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , United States/ethnology , Qualitative Research , Depressive Disorder, Major/ethnology , Depressive Disorder, Major/therapy , Ethnicity/statistics & numerical data , Aged , Young Adult
6.
J Am Heart Assoc ; 13(11): e033937, 2024 Jun 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38780186

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic factors may lead to a disproportionate impact on health care usage and death among individuals with congenital heart defects (CHD) by race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic factors. How neighborhood poverty affects racial and ethnic disparities in health care usage and death among individuals with CHD across the life span is not well described. METHODS AND RESULTS: Individuals aged 1 to 64 years, with at least 1 CHD-related International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) code were identified from health care encounters between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2013, from 4 US sites. Residence was classified into lower- or higher-poverty neighborhoods on the basis of zip code tabulation area from the 2014 American Community Survey 5-year estimates. Multivariable logistic regression models, adjusting for site, sex, CHD anatomic severity, and insurance-evaluated associations between race and ethnicity, and health care usage and death, stratified by neighborhood poverty. Of 31 542 individuals, 22.2% were non-Hispanic Black and 17.0% Hispanic. In high-poverty neighborhoods, non-Hispanic Black (44.4%) and Hispanic (47.7%) individuals, respectively, were more likely to be hospitalized (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.2 [95% CI, 1.1-1.3]; and aOR, 1.3 [95% CI, 1.2-1.5]) and have emergency department visits (aOR, 1.3 [95% CI, 1.2-1.5] and aOR, 1.8 [95% CI, 1.5-2.0]) compared with non-Hispanic White individuals. In high poverty neighborhoods, non-Hispanic Black individuals with CHD had 1.7 times the odds of death compared with non-Hispanic White individuals in high-poverty neighborhoods (95% CI, 1.1-2.7). Racial and ethnic disparities in health care usage were similar in low-poverty neighborhoods, but disparities in death were attenuated (aOR for non-Hispanic Black, 1.2 [95% CI=0.9-1.7]). CONCLUSIONS: Racial and ethnic disparities in health care usage were found among individuals with CHD in low- and high-poverty neighborhoods, but mortality disparities were larger in high-poverty neighborhoods. Understanding individual- and community-level social determinants of health, including access to health care, may help address racial and ethnic inequities in health care usage and death among individuals with CHD.


Subject(s)
Healthcare Disparities , Heart Defects, Congenital , Humans , Heart Defects, Congenital/ethnology , Heart Defects, Congenital/mortality , Heart Defects, Congenital/therapy , Male , Female , United States/epidemiology , Child, Preschool , Adolescent , Adult , Infant , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Healthcare Disparities/ethnology , Healthcare Disparities/statistics & numerical data , Child , Poverty/statistics & numerical data , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/ethnology , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Black or African American/statistics & numerical data , Ethnicity/statistics & numerical data , Neighborhood Characteristics , Hispanic or Latino/statistics & numerical data , Residence Characteristics/statistics & numerical data , White People/statistics & numerical data
7.
Med Care ; 62(6): 404-415, 2024 Jun 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38728679

ABSTRACT

RESEARCH DESIGN: Community-engaged qualitative study using inductive thematic analysis of semistructured interviews. OBJECTIVE: To understand Latine immigrants' recent prenatal care experiences and develop community-informed strategies to mitigate policy-related chilling effects on prenatal care utilization. BACKGROUND: Decreased health care utilization among immigrants due to punitive immigration policies (ie, the "chilling effect") has been well-documented among Latine birthing people both pre and postnatally. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Currently or recently pregnant immigrant Latine people in greater Philadelphia were recruited from an obstetric clinic, 2 pediatric primary care clinics, and 2 community-based organization client pools. Thematic saturation was achieved with 24 people. Participants' pregnancy narratives and their perspectives on how health care providers and systems could make prenatal care feel safer and more comfortable for immigrants. RESULTS: Participants' recommendations for mitigating the chilling effect during the prenatal period included training prenatal health care providers to sensitively initiate discussions about immigrants' rights and reaffirm confidentiality around immigration status. Participants suggested that health care systems should expand sources of information for pregnant immigrants, either by partnering with community organizations to disseminate information or by increasing access to trusted individuals knowledgeable about immigrants' rights to health care. Participants also suggested training non-medical office staff in the use of interpreters. CONCLUSION: Immigrant Latine pregnant and birthing people in greater Philadelphia described ongoing fear and confusion regarding the utilization of prenatal care, as well as experiences of discrimination. Participants' suggestions for mitigating immigration-related chilling effects can be translated into potential policy and programmatic interventions which could be implemented locally and evaluated for broader applicability.


Subject(s)
Emigrants and Immigrants , Patient Acceptance of Health Care , Prenatal Care , Qualitative Research , Humans , Female , Prenatal Care/statistics & numerical data , Pregnancy , Philadelphia , Adult , Emigrants and Immigrants/psychology , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/ethnology , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/psychology , Interviews as Topic , Health Services Accessibility , Young Adult
8.
Arch Psychiatr Nurs ; 49: 10-22, 2024 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38734444

ABSTRACT

The number of refugees and asylum seekers worldwide is increasing, and these populations often experience significant mental health challenges due to their difficult life experiences. This study aims to explore the perspectives of refugees and asylum seekers regarding their behavior when seeking mental healthcare. We conducted a meta-synthesis of thirteen articles published between January 2000 and January 2023. The study identified four main themes: understanding of mental health, utilization of health services, the role of society, and necessary interventions. Based on our findings, we provided recommendations for healthcare providers, governments, and researchers to improve the mental healthcare-seeking behavior of these populations in the future.


Subject(s)
Mental Health Services , Patient Acceptance of Health Care , Refugees , Humans , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/psychology , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/ethnology , Refugees/psychology
9.
J Subst Use Addict Treat ; 163: 209359, 2024 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38677598

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Hispanics report higher rates of problematic alcohol use compared to non-Hispanic Whites while also reporting lower rates of alcohol treatment utilization compared to non-Hispanics. The study employs Anderson's Behavioral Model of Healthcare Utilization Model to guide the exploration of alcohol use, help-seeking and healthcare utilization. METHODS: The present qualitative study explored help-seeking and alcohol treatment utilization for Hispanic men of Mexican ethnicity. A total of 27 participants (Mage = 35.7, SD = 10.82) completed a semi-structured interview that explored the treatment experiences and underlying psychological mechanisms that shaped their help-seeking. RESULTS: Through a thematic content analysis, the following themes emerged: 1) perceiving need with subthemes of familismo, role as protector and provider, and positive face; 2) predisposing beliefs on help-seeking; and 3) treatment experiences and elements of patient satisfaction with subthemes of monetized treatment, respect, and perceiving professional stigma. CONCLUSIONS: The findings in this article may assist in improving strategies for increasing alcohol treatment utilization among men of Mexican ethnicity. By exploring beliefs, values, and experiences health researchers can develop culturally informed intervention strategies.


Subject(s)
Alcohol Drinking , Mexican Americans , Patient Acceptance of Health Care , Humans , Male , Adult , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/ethnology , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/psychology , Alcohol Drinking/ethnology , Alcohol Drinking/psychology , Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology , Mexican Americans/psychology , Mexican Americans/statistics & numerical data , Qualitative Research , Middle Aged , Help-Seeking Behavior , Alcoholism/ethnology , Alcoholism/psychology , Alcoholism/therapy , Patient Satisfaction/ethnology
11.
Epilepsia ; 65(6): 1668-1678, 2024 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38557951

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Hispanic/Latino people with epilepsy are a growing population that has been understudied in clinical epilepsy research. U.S. veterans are at a higher risk of epilepsy due to greater exposures including traumatic brain injury. Hispanic/Latino Veterans with Epilepsy (HL-VWEs) represent a growing population; however the treatment utilization patterns of this population have been vastly understudied. METHODS: HL-VWE were identified from administrative databases during fiscal year 2019. Variables compared between Hispanic and non-Hispanic VWEs included demographics, rurality, service era, utilization of clinical services/investigations, and service-connected injury. Chi-square and Student's t tests were used for comparisons. RESULTS: Among 56 556 VWEs, 3247 (5.7%) were HL. HL-VWEs were younger (59.2 vs 63.2 years; p < .01) and more commonly urban-dwelling (81.6% vs 63.2%, p < .01) compared to non-HL-VWEs. They were also more likely to have served in recent missions such as the Persian Gulf War and post- 9/11 wars (p < .01). HL-VWEs had a higher utilization of all neurology services examined including neurology clinic visits, computed tomography (CT) scans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, electroencephalography (EEG), epilepsy monitoring, and comprehensive epilepsy care (p < .01 for all). HL-VWEs were more likely to visit an emergency room or have seizure-related hospitalizations (p < .01). HL-VWEs were more likely to have a service-connected disability greater or equal to 50% (p < .01). SIGNIFICANCE: This study is one of the largest cohorts examining HL-VWEs. We found higher utilization of services in neurology, epilepsy, and neuroimaging by HL-VWEs. HL-VWE are younger, more commonly urban-dwelling, and more likely to have served during recent combat periods and have higher amounts of service-connected disability. Given that the proportion of Hispanic veterans is projected to rise over time, more research is needed to provide the best interventions and mitigate the long-term impact of epilepsy on this diverse patient group.


Subject(s)
Epilepsy , Hispanic or Latino , Patient Acceptance of Health Care , Veterans , Humans , Epilepsy/therapy , Epilepsy/epidemiology , Epilepsy/ethnology , Middle Aged , Male , Female , Veterans/statistics & numerical data , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/ethnology , Hispanic or Latino/statistics & numerical data , Aged , United States/epidemiology , Adult
12.
AIDS Behav ; 28(6): 2101-2112, 2024 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38594409

ABSTRACT

HIV incidence increased by 18% between 2015 and 2019 among American Indians (AIs) despite declining rates in other racial/ethnic groups. Culturally-appropriate implementation of prevention programs is needed to address the intersectional conditions contributing to HIV vulnerabilities experienced by AIs. The objectives of this study were to understand factors influencing HIV testing decisions and identify implementation strategies to promote the acceptability of HIV self-testing (HIVST) in a southern California AI community. A total of 15 semi-structured interviews were completed with adult community members of a southern California AI reservation. Analysis used a rapid analytic approach that was guided by the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, Sustainment (EPIS) framework and expert recommendations for implementing change (ERIC) compilation. Two team members applied a standardized summary template to elucidate implementation determinants and implementation strategies for adopting HIVST. Barriers to HIV testing identified by community members included HIV-related stigma and privacy concerns within their community. Community members expressed positive perceptions of the acceptability of HIVST, with many identifying ease of use and privacy as appealing attributes. Several implementation strategies were suggested for facilitating the adoption of HIVST, including increasing access to tests by mailing kits to community members and increasing demand for kits through media campaigns (e.g., local flyers, social media posts, and booths at tribal events). Community members also recommended discreet packaging of kits and cultural adaptation of accompanying materials (e.g., educational videos featuring community members). The qualitative input from AI community members facilitated identification of implementation strategies that may promote the acceptability and culturally-appropriateness of HIVST.


RESUMEN: Entre 2015 y 2019, la incidencia del VIH entre los indígenas norteamericanos (INs) aumentó un 18%, a pesar de que en otros grupos étnicos y raciales se observaron reducciones. La implementación culturalmente apropiada de programas preventivos es fundamental para abordar las circunstancias interseccionales que contribuyen a la vulnerabilidad al VIH entre INs. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron comprender los factores que influyen en la decisión de hacerse la prueba del VIH e identificar estrategias para fomentar la aceptabilidad de las auto pruebas, en una comunidad de INs en el Sur de California. Se realizaron 15 entrevistas semiestructuradas con los miembros adultos de una reserva situada en el Sur de California. El análisis se realizó utilizando un método cualitativo rápido, basado en el marco Exploration, Preparation, Implementation and Sustainment (EPIS) (español: Exploración, Preparación, Implementación y Sostenimiento) así como una recopilación de sugerencias de expertas en implementación de intervenciones, conocida como ERIC. Dos miembros del equipo de investigación utilizaron una plantilla estandarizada resumida para investigar factores determinantes y estrategias para la adopción de las auto pruebas del VIH. Los miembros de la reserva de INs identificaron el estigma asociado al VIH, así como preocupación por la privacidad entre la comunidad, como barreras para realizarse las pruebas del VIH. Los miembros reaccionaron positivamente a la aceptabilidad de las auto pruebas del VIH, destacándola facilidad del uso y la privacidad asociadas con estas pruebas. También, se sugirieron varias estrategias para facilitar la adopción de las auto pruebas, incluyendo el envío de pruebas a miembros de la comunidad y el aumento de la demanda de pruebas a través de difusión (e.g., folletos, publicaciones en las redes sociales, y puestos en eventos tribales). Los miembros también recomendaron que los empaques de las auto pruebas sean discretos, y que contengan materiales educativos culturalmente apropiados. Las contribuciones cualitativas de la comunidad INs ayudaron identificar estrategias de implementación que pueden fomentar la aceptabilidad de las auto pruebas del VIH en una manera culturalmente apropiada.


Subject(s)
HIV Infections , Indians, North American , Patient Acceptance of Health Care , Qualitative Research , Self-Testing , Social Stigma , Humans , California/epidemiology , HIV Infections/diagnosis , HIV Infections/prevention & control , HIV Infections/psychology , HIV Infections/ethnology , Female , Adult , Male , Indians, North American/psychology , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/psychology , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/ethnology , HIV Testing , Interviews as Topic , Middle Aged
13.
J Health Care Poor Underserved ; 35(1): 341-358, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38661874

ABSTRACT

This study examined mental health needs and risk factors associated with service use among Latinx high school students in two cities in the United States. We explored how socioeconomic characteristics, school location, youth and parental nativity, and self-perceived clinical needs were associated with the odds of youths seeing a mental health provider. Data were collected from 306 Latinx youths during the 2018-19 school year. Most youths (78%) self-reported symptoms of anxiety, trauma, or depression above the clinical range. None of these clinical needs predicted service utilization. Youth experiencing less economic hardship and having a mother from South America were almost five times more likely to use services than their counterparts. Similarly, males and older respondents were more likely to be underserved than females and younger respondents. Implications to ensure equitable access to services among older, low-income Latinx youth, particularly those from Central America, the Caribbean, and Mexico, are discussed.


Subject(s)
Hispanic or Latino , Mental Health Services , Socioeconomic Factors , Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Hispanic or Latino/statistics & numerical data , Hispanic or Latino/psychology , Mental Health Services/statistics & numerical data , United States , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/ethnology , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Health Services Needs and Demand/statistics & numerical data , Mental Disorders/ethnology , Young Adult
14.
J Health Care Poor Underserved ; 35(1): 316-340, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38661873

ABSTRACT

Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention identified Prince William County (PWC), Va. as a hotspot with a high disease rate among Latinos. This study uses spatial, survey, and qualitative data to understand attitudes towards vaccine uptake among PWC Latinos. A quantitative analysis (n=266) estimates the association for vaccine acceptance among Latinos. Next, qualitative interviews with Latinos (n=37) examine vaccine attitudes. Finally, a spatial analysis identifies clusters of social vulnerability and low vaccine uptake in PWC and adjacent counties. Our findings show that a substantial proportion of PWC Latinos had low vaccination rates as of December 2022, two years after the vaccine's release. Side effects and safety and approval concerns were cited in both the quantitative and qualitative studies. Persistent vaccine disparities are concerning given the high hospitalization and mortality rates that prevailed among Latinos early in the pandemic.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Hispanic or Latino , Humans , Hispanic or Latino/statistics & numerical data , Hispanic or Latino/psychology , COVID-19/prevention & control , COVID-19/ethnology , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice/ethnology , Vaccination Hesitancy/statistics & numerical data , Vaccination Hesitancy/psychology , Aged , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/ethnology , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/psychology , Young Adult , Qualitative Research
15.
AIDS Behav ; 28(6): 2166-2174, 2024 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38526639

ABSTRACT

In December 2021, long-acting injectable pre-exposure prophylaxis (LAI-PrEP) was approved for the prevention of HIV in at-risk adults and adolescents. LAI-PrEP may address adherence issues of daily oral daily PrEP and PrEP stigma. However, studies assessing LAI-PrEP willingness among PrEP naive Black and Hispanic sexual and gender minority (SGM) persons- a group disproportionately impacted by the HIV epidemic in the United States - is rare. To assess the extent of and characteristics of willingness to use LAI-PrEP in a national sample of Black and Hispanic SGM who are self-reported that they have never used PrEP. We analyzed data from a national sample of Black and Hispanic SGM collected between March and August 2020. We used log-binomial regression models to assess characteristics associated with willingness to use LAI-PrEP. Of the overall sample (N = 380), the mean age was 24 (SD = 2.8) and the majority of the sample (54%, n = 205) reported willingness to use LAI-PrEP. In multivariable log-binomial regression models, PrEP stigma was independently associated with less [prevalence ratio (PR) = 0.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.6, 0.9], while number of sexual partners in the past 12 months was associated with a more willingness to use LAI-PrEP (PR = 1.1, 95% CI = 1.0, 1.2). Our findings highlight the persistence of PrEP stigma as a potential barrier to willingness to use LAI-PrEP in this sample of Black and Hispanic SGM who have never used PrEP. Additional work needs to be done to reduce PrEP stigma more broadly.


Subject(s)
Anti-HIV Agents , Black or African American , HIV Infections , Hispanic or Latino , Patient Acceptance of Health Care , Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis , Sexual and Gender Minorities , Humans , Male , Hispanic or Latino/psychology , Hispanic or Latino/statistics & numerical data , HIV Infections/prevention & control , HIV Infections/ethnology , Sexual and Gender Minorities/psychology , Sexual and Gender Minorities/statistics & numerical data , Female , Adult , United States/epidemiology , Young Adult , Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , Black or African American/psychology , Black or African American/statistics & numerical data , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/psychology , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/ethnology , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Social Stigma , Delayed-Action Preparations , Medication Adherence/statistics & numerical data , Medication Adherence/psychology
16.
Int J Soc Psychiatry ; 70(4): 778-791, 2024 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38420918

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Health disparity and under-utilization of health services is prevalent among Asian refugees and migrants in Western countries and can profoundly impact health outcomes. Cambodians who survived extreme physical and emotional trauma during the genocides enacted by the Khmer Rouge regime in the 1970's are particularly vulnerable to poor mental health outcomes decades later. Understanding the experiences of help-seeking and service use by displaced Cambodians in Western countries may help to design more effective and culturally safe healthcare services. AIMS: To identify characteristics or factors associated with help seeking behaviours and service utilization of displaced Cambodians with mental health issues living in Western countries. METHODS: This review followed the Arksey & O'Malley methodological framework for scoping reviews. Articles for review were identified through searches of nine electronic databases and manual searches. Relevant articles were selected, and data was extracted and synthesized into key themes. RESULTS: This review included 15 articles. Most of the studies were conducted in the USA (n = 13) with one each conducted in Canada and New Zealand. Seven studies used qualitative interviews, five used a cross-sectional survey approach, two used a mixed-methods approach and one was a narrative review and case series. Key findings highlighted the impact of Cambodian cultural beliefs about mental health (guilt, shame and help-seeking stigma) on service utilization and the disconnect between Western models of service provision and preferred Cambodian ways of receiving support. CONCLUSION: Mental health services in Western countries are likely to be under-utilized by Cambodians due to a mismatch between health beliefs and Western models of care. Further investigation of the association between health beliefs and barriers to service utilization among adult Cambodian refugees is warranted.


Subject(s)
Help-Seeking Behavior , Mental Health Services , Patient Acceptance of Health Care , Refugees , Humans , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/ethnology , Refugees/psychology , Cambodia/ethnology , Adult , Canada , Mental Disorders/therapy , Mental Disorders/ethnology , New Zealand , United States , Southeast Asian People
17.
J Immigr Minor Health ; 26(3): 596-603, 2024 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38308798

ABSTRACT

Haitian immigrant women living in the U.S. have a higher rate of cervical cancer mortality than any other ethnic group, primarily due to lower rates of screening test utilization. Therefore, it is important to understand the issues affecting their pap smear screening behaviors. We conducted a narrative review of articles from PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, CINAHL/Nursing, and Psych Info. Inclusion criteria: U.S. Haitian immigrant, screening, cervical cancer, health beliefs/perceptions. Exclusion criteria: HPV-vaccine. Primary barriers: (1) lack of knowledge of cervical cancer, HPV, and pap smears; (2) lack of culturally appropriate dissemination of information; and (3) difficulty obtaining the test. Primary facilitators: (1) provider recommendations, (2) Haitian media to disseminate health information, and (3) having health insurance. This review highlights the points for intervention by health professionals and policy makers to address this group's low pap smear utilization.


Subject(s)
Early Detection of Cancer , Emigrants and Immigrants , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Papanicolaou Test , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms , Humans , Female , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnosis , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/ethnology , Haiti/ethnology , Early Detection of Cancer/statistics & numerical data , United States , Vaginal Smears/statistics & numerical data , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/ethnology , Adult , Health Services Accessibility
18.
J Immigr Minor Health ; 26(3): 527-538, 2024 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38334856

ABSTRACT

We conducted an analysis to identify factors influencing the use of traditional complementary and alternative medicine (TCAM), with a particular emphasis on ethnic variations. Using the 2015 Asian American Quality of Life survey (N = 2,609), logistic regression analyses were performed, considering acculturation, health status, healthcare accessibility/utilization, and socio-demographic factors. Ethnicity, specifically being Chinese or Korean Americans, having chronic medical conditions, experiencing unmet healthcare needs, and having regular check-ups were significant predictors of TCAM use among Asian Americans as a whole. However, when we delved into sub-ethnic groups, different patterns were found. Among Vietnamese and Filipino Americans, having unmet healthcare needs emerged as the most prominent predictor of TCAM use. Furthermore, acculturation level and English proficiency were significant in predicting Vietnamese and Filipino Americans' TCAM use, with the direction varying by sub-ethnicity. Being old emerged as a predictor of TCAM use for Chinese, Indian, Korean, and 'other' Americans. Our findings underscore the importance of adopting an ethnically sensitive approach when addressing the healthcare needs of diverse Asian American populations.


Subject(s)
Acculturation , Asian , Complementary Therapies , Humans , Asian/statistics & numerical data , Female , Male , Complementary Therapies/statistics & numerical data , Middle Aged , Adult , Aged , United States , Socioeconomic Factors , Health Status , Health Services Accessibility , Age Factors , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/ethnology , Sociodemographic Factors , Young Adult , Vietnam/ethnology , Philippines/ethnology , Quality of Life , Ethnicity/statistics & numerical data
19.
J Adolesc Health ; 74(6): 1260-1263, 2024 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38416100

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To examine changes in addiction medicine treatment utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic among adolescents (aged 13-17 years) and differences by race/ethnicity. METHODS: We compared treatment initiation (overall and telehealth), engagement, and 12-week retention between insured adolescents with substance use problems during pre-COVID-19 (March to December 2019, n = 1,770) and COVID-19 (March to December 2020, n = 1,177) using electronic health record data from Kaiser Permanente Northern California. RESULTS: Compared to pre-COVID-19, odds of treatment initiation, overall (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 1.42 [1.21-1.67]), and telehealth (5.98 [4.59-7.80]) were higher during COVID-19, but odds of engagement and retention did not significantly change. Depending on the outcome, Asian/Pacific Islander, Black, and Latino/Hispanic (vs. White) adolescents had lower treatment utilization across both periods. Changes in utilization over time did not differ by race/ethnicity. DISCUSSION: Addiction medicine treatment initiation increased among insured adolescents during the pandemic, especially via telehealth. Although racial/ethnic disparities in treatment utilization persisted, they did not worsen.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Substance-Related Disorders , Humans , Adolescent , COVID-19/ethnology , Substance-Related Disorders/ethnology , Substance-Related Disorders/therapy , Male , Female , California , Telemedicine/statistics & numerical data , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/ethnology , Addiction Medicine , Ethnicity/statistics & numerical data , SARS-CoV-2 , Pandemics
20.
Med Care Res Rev ; 81(3): 209-222, 2024 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38235576

ABSTRACT

The intersection of social risk and race and ethnicity on mental health care utilization is understudied. This study examined disparities in health care treatment, adjusting for clinical need, among 25,780 Medicare Advantage beneficiaries with a diagnosis of a psychiatric disorder. We assessed contributions to disparities from racial and ethnic differences in the composition and returns of social risk variables. Black and Hispanic beneficiaries had lower rates of mental health outpatient visits than Whites. Assessing composition, Black and Hispanic beneficiaries experienced greater financial, food, and housing insecurity than White beneficiaries, factors associated with greater mental health treatment. Assessing returns, food insecurity was associated with an exacerbation of Hispanic-White disparities. Health care systems need to address the financial, food and housing insecurity of racial and ethnic minority groups with psychiatric disorder. Accounting for racial and ethnic differences in social risk adjustment-based payment reforms has significant implications for provider reimbursement and outcomes.


Subject(s)
Healthcare Disparities , Medicare Part C , Mental Disorders , Humans , United States , Female , Male , Mental Disorders/therapy , Mental Disorders/ethnology , Aged , Medicare Part C/statistics & numerical data , Healthcare Disparities/ethnology , Risk Factors , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/ethnology , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Ethnicity/statistics & numerical data , Hispanic or Latino/statistics & numerical data
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