The creation of a postcolonial subject: The Chicago and Ateneo de Manila schools and the Peace Corps in the Philippines, 1960-1970.

In the 1950s and 1960s scholars from the University of Chicago and the Ateneo de Manila created social scientific knowledge that helped establish the Peace Corps as a Cold War institution in the Philippines. Central were the social scientists at the University of Chicago and the Ateneo de Manila University who established a knowable postcolonial subject: "the Filipino," which resulted from their research on Philippine values. In this context, the Ateneo/Chicago social scientists developed the "SIR," the "smooth interpersonal relation" model that entails the notion that Filipinos and Filipinas particularly valued this nonconfrontational skill set among people. The SIR model was taught by social science experts to early Peace Corps volunteers as they prepared for their assignments in the Philippines. The article shows how the SIR model could cause distress and confusion as it was applied by Peace Corps volunteers in the Philippines.

Quickening nature’s pulse: atomic agriculture at the International Atomic Energy Agency

Mutation breeders in the 1960s seemed poised to use atomic energy to speed up mutation rates in plants in order to develop new crop varieties, for the benefit of all people. Although skepticism had slowed this work in the United States, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) nurtured the scientific field, its community of experts, and an imagined version of the future that put humans in control of their destiny. The IAEA acted as a center of dissemination and support for experts and ideas even when they had fallen from favor elsewhere. Through the lens of the IAEA, plant breeding bore the appearance of a socially progressive, ultra-modern science destined to alleviate population pressures. Administrators at the IAEA also were desperate for success stories, hoping to highlight mutation plant breeding as a potential solution to the world’s ills. The community of mutation plant breeders gained a lifeline from the consistent clarion call from the Vienna-based agency to use atomic energy to understand the natural world and quicken its pulse with radioisotopes (AU)

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"Sowing death in our women's wombs": modernization and indigenous nationalism in the 1960s Peace Corps and Jorge Sanjinés' "Yawar Mallku".

This paper explores the centrality of gender and sexual politics to both 1960s modernization discourses and anti-imperialist cultural nationalist ideologies through an analysis of Jorge Sanjinés' 1969 radical neorealist film Yawar Mallku, the text that led to the Peace Corps' expulsion from Bolivia. After outlining the development discourse that explicitly guided both the Peace Corps and the Revolutionary Nationalist (MNR) government of Bolivia and exploring the relationship of this discourse to the Bolivian radical and indigenous movements of the late 1960s, this paper reads Yawar Mallku in the context of these movements to arrive at an understanding how cultural nationalism in Bolivia became directed towards the developmentalist ideal of a masculine utopia whose construction would entail controlling women's bodies. Finally, the paper attempts to understand how indigenous women in Bolivia have articulated radical political visions within and in response to U.S. modernizing forces and indigenous cultural nationalism.

Calidad de vida en sujetos que pertenecen al Programa Nacional de Desmovilización y Reincorporación a la Vida Civil en el departamento del Quindío / Life quality in subjects who belong to the National Program of Demobilization and Reintegration to the Civil Life in the State of Quindio

This current research is a descriptive transversal type of study whose objective is to identify the life quality in subjects who belong to the National Program of Demobilization and Reintegration to the Civil Life (PNDRVC) in the State of Quindio. The target population in this study comprises 200 subjects who attend the Program for the Social and Economic Reintegration (PRSE) in the city of Armenia, from which a sample of 23 participants was chosen (2 women and 21 men), who were given a self-report with a Likert type of answer, designed to assess the life quality. The results show the presence of a medium-high level of life quality in the physical, psychological and social areas. High scores in projection and usefulness, perception of tiredness, preoccupation with physical problems, fear of thinking about death and conflict with close people, were identified. Low scores relating to the physical exercise and perception of economic income were reported, these are issues which require further research.

El presente es un estudio de tipo descriptivo transversal, cuyo objetivo es identificar la calidad de vida en sujetos pertenecientes al Programa Nacional de Desmovilización yReincorporación a la Vida Civil (PNDRVC), en el Departamento del Quindío. La población objeto de este estudio es de 200 sujetos asistentes al Programa para la Reintegración Social y Económica (PRSE) en la ciudad deArmenia, de la cual se seleccionó una muestra de 23 participantes (2 mujeres y 21 hombres), a quienes se les aplicó un autoinforme con formato de respuesta tipo likert, diseñado paraevaluar la calidad de vida. Los resultados muestran la presencia de un nivel medio-alto de calidad de vida en las áreas física, psicológica y social. Se identificaron puntajes altos en proyección y utilidad, la percepciónde cansancio, preocupación por problemas físicos, temor al pensar en la muerte y conflictos con personas cercanas; se reportaron puntajes bajos relacionados con el ejercicio físico y percepción de los ingresos económicos, aspectos que requiere investigación posterior.