Correlation between Anatomopathological Aspects and Pelvic Pain in Women with Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis.

OBJECTIVE: To correlate the morphological aspects with pelvic pain in women with deep infiltrating endometriosis. METHODS: A retrospective study with 67 women with deep endometriosis who underwent surgical treatment in a tertiary hospital from 2007 to 2017. The following variables were considered: age, parity, body mass index, site of involvement, hormonal treatment before surgery, pelvic pain, and morphometric analysis. The histological slides of the surgical specimens were revised and, using the ImageJ software for morphometric study, the percentages of stromal/glandular tissues were calculated in the histological sections. RESULTS: The mean age of the women was 38.9 ± 6.5 years. The mean pain score was 8.8 ± 1.9 and the mean time of symptomatology was 4.7 ± 3.5 years, with 87% of the patients undergoing hormone treatment prior to surgery. The average expression of CD10, CK7, and S100 markers was 19.5 ± 11.8%, 9.4 ± 5.9%, and 7.9 ± 5.8% respectively. It was found that the greater the expression of CD10, the greater the level of pain (p = 0.02). No correlation was observed between the expression of CD10, CK7, and S100 markers and age and duration of symptoms. CONCLUSION: Women with deep infiltrating endometriosis have a positive association between the level of pain and the fibrosis component in the endometrial tissue's histological composition.

OBJETIVO: Correlacionar os aspectos morfológicos com a dor pélvica em mulheres com endometriose profunda. MéTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo com 67 mulheres com endometriose profunda submetidas a tratamento cirúrgico em hospital terciário de 2007 a 2017. As seguintes variáveis foram consideradas: idade, paridade, índice de massa corporal, local do acometimento, tratamento hormonal antes da cirurgia, dor pélvica e análise morfométrica. As lâminas histológicas das peças cirúrgicas foram revisadas e, por meio do software ImageJ para estudo morfométrico, foram calculadas as porcentagens de tecidos estromais/glandulares nos cortes histológicos. RESULTADOS: A média etária das mulheres foi de 38,9 ± 6,5 anos. O escore de dor médio foi de 8,8 ± 1,9 e o tempo médio de sintomatologia foi de 4,7 ± 3,5 anos, sendo que 87% das pacientes realizavam tratamento hormonal antes da cirurgia. A expressão média dos marcadores CD10, CK7 e S100 foi de 19,5 ± 11,8%, 9,4 ± 5,9% e 7,9 ± 5,8%, respectivamente. Verificou-se que quanto maior a expressão de CD10, maior o nível de dor (p = 0,02). Não foi observada correlação entre a expressão dos marcadores CD10, CK7 e S100 com a idade e duração dos sintomas. CONCLUSãO: Mulheres com endometriose profunda apresentam associação positiva entre o nível de dor e o componente de fibrose na composição histológica do tecido endometrial.

Adaptation and Validation of the International Pelvic Pain Society's Quality of Life Questionnaire in Portuguese.

OBJECTIVE: In the present study, our aim was to translate, adapt, and validate the Pelvic Health History Form (a quality of life [QoL] questionnaire) of the International Pelvic Pain Society (IPPS) from English to Portuguese. METHODS: The study was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee (CEP, in the Portuguese acronym) and the IPPS. The "Transcultural Adaptation" method comprised 5 stages: translation, synthesis, backtranslation, expert review, and pretest. Cultural adaptation and validation included cognitive interviews and statistical analysis of unanswered items (> 15%) in 14 clinic patients from CPP and endometriosis clinic at Santa Casa de São Paulo. RESULTS: Strong equivalences were established between the USA and Brazil questionnaires in terms of semantics, idioms, experiences, and concepts. Eighteen culturally inappropriate items were identified and adjusted using the revised response rate index. The subjective form underwent rigorous assessments, confirming its accurate measurement of intended targets. CONCLUSION: The methodology showed efficiency and equivalence, confirming its validity. The user-friendly format and inclusion of translated, adapted, and validated instruments in Portuguese make the form valuable for evaluating pelvic health, with potential for future research.

OBJETIVO: Realizar a tradução, adaptação e validação do questionário de qualidade de vida Pelvic Health History Form da International Pelvic Pain Society (IPPS, na sigla em inglês) para a língua portuguesa. MéTODOS: Aprovação do Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa (CEP) e consentimento do IPPS. A metodologia "Adaptação Transcultural" foi utilizada em cinco etapas: (I) tradução; (II) síntese; (III) retradução; (IV) revisão pelo comitê de especialistas; (V) pré-teste, seguido de adaptação cultural e validação por meio de entrevista cognitiva e análise estatística da taxa de ausência de respostas > 15% após aplicação do instrumento em 14 pacientes do ambulatório de DPC e endometriose da Santa Casa de São Paulo. RESULTADOS: Equivalências semântica, idiomática, experiencial e conceitual entre o questionário de país fonte (EUA) e alvo (Brasil) foram bem estabelecidas. Dezoito itens culturalmente impróprios, de acordo com o índice de ausência de respostas revisados, adaptados e realizada validade de face e de constructo, avaliando forma subjetiva, confiável que o instrumento mede o que pretende medir. CONCLUSãO: A metodologia utilizada foi eficiente, com boa equivalência com o material de origem concluindo a sua validade. Formulário de formato simples, fácil aplicação e compreensão, composto por diversos instrumentos já traduzidos, adaptados e validados em nossa língua. O formulário auxilia avaliação multidimensional da saúde pélvica destas pacientes e poderá ser utilizado em estudos futuros.

Hidatidosis pélvica primaria / Primary pelvic hydatidosis

La hidatidosis es una antropozoonosis causada por la larva del Echinococcus granulosus. El órgano más afectado es el hígado, seguido por pulmones, riñones y sistema osteomuscular. Generalmente, tienen baja progresión y tienden a ser asintomáticos. La sintomatología inespecífica dificulta el diagnóstico y conduce a la realización de procedimientos diagnósticos innecesarios. Los quistes hidatídicos de los órganos pélvicos femeninos pueden confundirse inicialmente como tumores quísticos ováricos o infecciones pelvianas. Esta entidad deber considerarse como diagnóstico diferencial de cualquier lesión pélvica quística en pacientes en zonas endémicas. La cirugía es el estándar de tratamiento y la exploración de la cavidad abdominal es esencial en la búsqueda de quistes en otras localizaciones. Los medicamentos antihelmínticos pueden ayudar a disminuir la recurrencia. Se presenta un caso de hidatidosis pélvica primaria(AU)

Hydatidosis is an anthropozoonosis caused by the larva of Echinococcus granulosus. The most affected organ is liver, followed by lungs, kidneys and osteo-muscular system. Generally, it has low progression and tend to be asymptomatic. The non-specific symptomatology makes diagnosis difficult and leads to unnecessary diagnostic procedures. Hydatid cysts of the female pelvic organs may initially be mistaken for ovarian cystic tumors or pelvic infections. This entity should be considered as a differential diagnosis of any pelvic cystic lesion in patients in endemic areas. Surgery is the standard of treatment and exploration of the abdominal cavity is essential in the search for cysts in other locations. Anthelmintic drugs may help decrease recurrence. A case of primary pelvic hydatidosis is presented(AU)

Principais causas ginecológicas de dor pélvica aguda em mulheres / Main gynecological causes of acute pelvic pain in women

Este trabalho buscou reunir dados essenciais sobre as etiologias de dor pélvica aguda, uma queixa constante nos serviços de emergências e ambulatórios de ginecologia, responsável por grande desconforto e impacto na qualidade de vida de pacientes mulheres. É uma condição laboriosa por causa de seu amplo espectro de causas, devendo ser abordada com cuidado e atenção pelo profissional médico, o qual deve considerar os diversos diagnósticos diferenciais, sendo a ultrassonografia o exame de maior importância para auxiliar em seu diagnóstico. As principais etiologias não obstétricas podem ser não ginecológicas e ginecológicas; essas últimas são divididas em anexiais e uterinas. Entre as causas ginecológicas, devem- -se investigar cistos ovarianos, torções anexiais, leiomiomas, doença inflamatória pélvica, abscesso tubo-ovariano, dismenorreia e complicações de dispositivos intrauterinos. A maioria das causas tem tratamento eficaz, com retorno da função do órgão e melhora da qualidade de vida, sem complicações, especialmente se diagnosticada precocemente.(AU)

The aim of this study was to gather important data on acute pelvic pain etiologies, a usual complaint in the emergency services and gynecology outpatient clinics, responsible for great discomfort and impact on quality of life in female patients. It is a laborious condition due to its wide spectrum of causes, which needs to be approached with attention by the physician, who must consider all the possible diagnoses, being the ultrasonography the most important exam to detect it. The main non-obstetric etiologies can be non-gynecological and gynecological, which are separated in adnexal and uterine causes. Among the gynecological causes, ovarian cysts, adnexal torsions, leiomyomas, pelvic inflammatory disease, ovarian tube abscess, dysmenorrhea and complications of intrauterine devices should be investigated. Most causes can be effectively treated, with return of organ function and improved quality of life, without complications, especially if diagnosed early.(AU)

Effectiveness of Superior Hypogastric Plexus Neurolysis for Pelvic Cancer Pain.

BACKGROUND: The superior hypogastric plexus block has been indicated for visceral pelvic pain treatment associated with malignancy. The first international report of this technique was published by Plancarte et al, in which a posterior percutaneous approach guided by fluoroscopy was described by applying neurolytic agents. The considerable variability in the data reported gave rise to 2 clinical approaches to those who performed the blockade early and those who executed it at a later stage of cancer. OBJECTIVES: The present study aims to provide more evidence regarding the effectiveness of this procedure. STUDY DESIGN: This is a retrospective, longitudinal, descriptive study. SETTING: The study was held at the pain unit service of the National Cancer Institute, Mexico City. METHODS: A nonprobabilistic sample was selected; the data collection took place from January 2006 to December 2016 with patients diagnosed with pelvic pain, confirmed by imaging and biopsy studies. Patients who received any other type of intervention of the sympathetic axis, patients with a different approach than the classic or paravertebral technique, and patients with low survival rate were excluded. The Student t test was used to measure the significant difference between Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and morphine equivalent daily dose. The Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test and the Gamma test were used to measure the association between the initial Karnofsky and blockade success. RESULTS: The study included a total of 180 patients. The success rate was 59.4% at 1 month, 55.5% at 3 months, and 48.8% at 6 months. There was a sustained and significant VAS reduction that was 49.55% at 3 months. A significant reduction in opioid consumption of 12.55% was found at 3 months. There was no significant statistical evidence related to either opioid consumption or the functionality of the patient before the blockade as an influential variable in the success of the procedure. LIMITATIONS: Retrospective study, developed in a single center. CONCLUSIONS: Although opioids remain the cornerstone of cancer pain treatment, they produce many deleterious side effects. The superior hypogastric plexus neurolysis represents a reproducible and effective alternative in the management of pain in this group of patients. KEY WORDS: Pelvic pain, neoplasms, chemical neurolysis, pain management, cancer pain, palliative care, analgesia, nerve block.

Non-pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a Cochrane systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of non-pharmacological therapies for chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed a comprehensive search using multiple databases, trial registries, grey literature and conference proceedings with no restrictions on the language of publication or publication status. The date of the latest search of all databases was August 2017. We included randomized controlled trials in men with a diagnosis of CP/CPPS. We included all available non-pharmacological interventions. Two review authors independently classified studies and abstracted data from the included studies, performed statistical analyses and rated quality of evidence (QoE) according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation methods. The primary outcomes were prostatitis symptoms and adverse events. The secondary outcomes were sexual dysfunction, urinary symptoms, quality of life, anxiety and depression. RESULTS: We included 38 unique studies in 3290 men with CP/CPPS across 23 comparisons, reporting outcomes mostly at short-term follow-up. Our analysis showed that acupuncture probably leads to clinically meaningful reduction in prostatitis symptoms compared with a sham procedure (mean difference [MD] in total National Institutes of Health - Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index [NIH-CPSI] score -5.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] -7.32 to -4.26, moderate QoE). Acupuncture may result in little or no difference in adverse events (low QoE). Acupuncture may also lead to a clinically meaningful reduction in prostatitis symptoms compared with standard medical therapy (MD -6.05, 95% CI -7.87 to -4.24, two studies, 78 participants, low QoE). Lifestyle modifications may be associated with a reduction in prostatitis symptoms compared with control (risk ratio for improvement in NIH-CPSI scores 3.90, 95% CI 2.20 to 6.92, very low QoE), but we found no information regarding adverse events. A physical activity programme may cause a small reduction in prostatitis symptoms compared with control (NIH-CPSI score MD -2.50, 95% CI -4.69 to -0.31, low QoE), but we found no information regarding adverse events. It was uncertain whether prostatic massage reduces or increases prostatitis symptoms compared with control (very low QoE) and we found no information regarding adverse events. Extracorporeal shockwave therapy reduces prostatitis symptoms compared with control (NIH-CPSI score MD -6.18, 95% CI -7.46 to -4.89, high QoE), but these results may not be sustained at medium-term follow-up (low QoE). This treatment may not be associated with a greater incidence of adverse events (low QoE). Transrectal thermotherapy, alone or in combination with medical therapy, may decrease prostatitis symptoms slightly when compared with medical therapy alone (NIH-CPSI score MD -2.50, 95% CI -3.82 to -1.18, low QoE). One included study reported that participants may experience transient adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the findings with moderate to high QoE, this review found that some non-pharmacological interventions, such as acupuncture and extracorporeal shockwave therapy, are likely to result in a decrease in prostatitis symptoms and may not be associated with a greater incidence of adverse events. The QoE for most other comparisons was predominantly low. Future clinical trials should include a full report of their methods, including adequate masking, consistent assessment of all patient-important outcomes including potential treatment-related adverse events and appropriate sample sizes.

Female genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder: review of the related factors and overall approach / Perturbação de dor Gênito-pélvica e da penetração: revisão dos fatores associados e abordagem geral

Abstract Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder (GPPPD) can be an extremely bothersome condition for patients, and a tough challenge for professionals regarding its assessment and treatment. The goal of the present paper is to review the etiology, assessment, and treatment of GPPPD, especially focusing on the cognitive aspects of the disease and cognitive-behavioral treatment options, through a non-systematic review of articles indexed to the Medline, Scopus and Web of Science databases, using the following MeSH queries: pelvic pain; dyspareunia; vaginismus; vulvodynia; and cognitive therapy. Altogether, 36 articles discussing the etiology, diagnosis and management of GPPPD were selected. We provide an overview of GPPPD based on biological, psychological and relational factors, emphasizing the last two. We also summarize the available medical treatments and provide strategies to approach the psychological trigger and persisting factors for the patient and the partner. Professionals should be familiarized with the factors underlining the problem, and should be able to provide helpful suggestions to guide the couple out of the GPPPD fear-avoidance circle.

Resumo A perturbação de dor gênito-pélvica e da penetração (PDGPP) é uma patologia com elevado impacto no bem-estar das pacientes, e traduz-se num desafio diagnóstico e de tratamento para os profissionais que as acompanham. O objetivo deste artigo é rever a etiologia e o tratamento da PDGPP, tendo em conta, principalmente, os aspetos cognitivos e as abordagens de inspiração psicoterapêutica cognitivo-comportamental. Para tal, foi efetuada uma revisão não sistemática dos artigos indexados às bases de dados Medline, Scopus e Web of Science, usando os termos: dor pélvica; dispareunia; vaginismo; vulvodinia; e terapia cognitiva. No total, foram incluídos 36 artigos discutindo a etiologia, diagnóstico e tratamento da PDGPP. Neste artigo, proporcionamos uma revisão do tratamento da PDGPP baseado em fatores biológicos, psicológicos e relacionais, enfatizando os últimos dois. Também resumimos as opções de tratamento

Control of endometriosis-associated pain with etonogestrel-releasing contraceptive implant and 52-mg levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system: randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of an etonogestrel (ENG)-releasing contraceptive implant or the 52-mg levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) in the control of endometriosis-associated pelvic pain. DESIGN: Noninferiority randomized clinical trial in which women with endometriosis were assigned to use an ENG implant (experimental treatment) or an LNG-IUS (active comparator). Monthly follow-up visits were conducted up to 6 months. SETTING: University teaching hospital. PATIENT(S): One hundred three women, with endometriosis-associated chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, or both for more than 6 months. In cases of deep endometriosis, vaginal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging were used as additional diagnostic tools. INTERVENTION(S): The ENG implant or the LNG-IUS were inserted within the first 5 days of the menstrual cycle. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Daily scores of noncyclic pelvic pain and dysmenorrhea were evaluated using a daily visual analogue scale. Health-related quality of life was evaluated using the Endometriosis Health Profile-30 questionnaire at baseline and up to 6 months. Bleeding patterns were assessed daily from a menstrual calendar. RESULT(S): Both contraceptives improved significantly the mean visual analogue scale endometriosis-associated pelvic pain and dysmenorrhea, without significant differences between treatment group profiles. Health-related quality of life improved significantly in all domains of the core and modular segments of the Endometriosis Health Profile-30 questionnaire, with no difference between both treatment groups. The most common bleeding patterns at 180 days of follow-up were amenorrhea and infrequent bleeding and infrequent bleeding and spotting among ENG implant and LNG-IUS users, respectively. CONCLUSION(S): In this noninferiority study both contraceptives improved significantly pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and health-related quality of life in endometriosis. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: Clinicaltrials.gov under number NCT02480647.

Female Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder: Review of the Related Factors and Overall Approach.

Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder (GPPPD) can be an extremely bothersome condition for patients, and a tough challenge for professionals regarding its assessment and treatment. The goal of the present paper is to review the etiology, assessment, and treatment of GPPPD, especially focusing on the cognitive aspects of the disease and cognitive-behavioral treatment options, through a non-systematic review of articles indexed to the Medline, Scopus and Web of Science databases, using the following MeSH queries: pelvic pain; dyspareunia; vaginismus; vulvodynia; and cognitive therapy. Altogether, 36 articles discussing the etiology, diagnosis and management of GPPPD were selected. We provide an overview of GPPPD based on biological, psychological and relational factors, emphasizing the last two. We also summarize the available medical treatments and provide strategies to approach the psychological trigger and persisting factors for the patient and the partner. Professionals should be familiarized with the factors underlining the problem, and should be able to provide helpful suggestions to guide the couple out of the GPPPD fear-avoidance circle.

A perturbação de dor gênito-pélvica e da penetração (PDGPP) é uma patologia com elevado impacto no bem-estar das pacientes, e traduz-se num desafio diagnóstico e de tratamento para os profissionais que as acompanham. O objetivo deste artigo é rever a etiologia e o tratamento da PDGPP, tendo em conta, principalmente, os aspetos cognitivos e as abordagens de inspiração psicoterapêutica cognitivo-comportamental. Para tal, foi efetuada uma revisão não sistemática dos artigos indexados às bases de dados Medline, Scopus e Web of Science, usando os termos: dor pélvica; dispareunia; vaginismo; vulvodinia; e terapia cognitiva. No total, foram incluídos 36 artigos discutindo a etiologia, diagnóstico e tratamento da PDGPP. Neste artigo, proporcionamos uma revisão do tratamento da PDGPP baseado em fatores biológicos, psicológicos e relacionais, enfatizando os últimos dois. Também resumimos as opções de tratamento médico disponíveis, e disponibilizamos estratégias para abordar os fatores desencadeantes e de manutenção tanto nas doentes quanto nos seus parceiros. Os profissionais devem estar familiarizados com os fatores subjacentes a este problema, e devem ser capazes de oferecer sugestões úteis para ajudar o casal a quebrar o círculo vicioso de medo e evitamento associado à PDGPP.

Frequency of presentation and characteristics of chronic pelvic pain at the gynecologic consultation / Frecuencia de presentación y características del dolor pélvico crónico en la consulta ginecológica

Background: Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is a condition characterized by recurring pain in the lower part of the abdomen and it lasts at least six months. Objective: To know the frequency and characteristics of CPP in women from the gynecology consultation. Methods: Women that consecutively attended the gynecology external consultation were questioned about the presence of CPP. Those with CPP were requested to indicate the place where the pain was more intense, and to qualify its magnitude in an analog visual scale. Situations that modified the pain, as well as the medication used were investigated. The life disturbance was evaluated. Those patients with and without CPP were paired by age and compared with Student's t test for independent samples. Results: 711 women were studied, 132 (18.6%) fulfilled criteria for CPP. After comparing patients with and without CPP there were no significant differences between them. The maximum intensity of the pain was of 7.7 ± 1.7 and the most frequent localization was in hypogastrium (53.2%). The factor that more frequently alleviated the pain was to stay in bed (59.5%). Non-steroid anti-inflammatories were the most common medication (56.3%). The most frequent reason for consultation was hypermenorrhea (19.9%) and the most frequent diagnosis was uterine leiomyomatosis (15.1%). Conclusion: The frequency of CPP was similar to that reported by other groups.

Introducción: El dolor pélvico crónico (DPC) está caracterizado por dolor constante o recurrente en la parte baja del abdomen que dura al menos seis meses. Objetivo: Conocer la frecuencia de presentación y características del DPC en mujeres de la consulta de ginecología. Métodos: Se interrogó a mujeres que acudieron consecutivamente a la consulta externa de ginecología sobre la presencia de DPC. En aquellas con DPC se les pidió indicaran el sitio donde el dolor era más intenso, así como la magnitud del mismo en una escala visual análoga. Se interrogaron los factores que modificaban el dolor, así como la medicación utilizada. Se evaluó la afectación en su vida. Las pacientes con y sin DPC se parearon por edad y se compararon con prueba t de Student para muestras independientes. Resultados: Se estudiaron 711 mujeres, 132 (18.6%) cumplieron criterios para DPC. Al comparar a las mujeres pareadas con y sin DPC no hubo diferencias significativas. La máxima intensidad del dolor fue de 7.7 ± 1.7 y la localización más frecuente en hipogastrio (53.2%). El factor que más frecuentemente disminuía el dolor era el acostarse (59.5%). Los antiinflamatorios no esteroideos fueron los medicamentos más utilizados (56.3%), el motivo de consulta más frecuente fue la hipermenorrea (19.9%) y el diagnóstico más frecuente la miomatosis uterina (15.1%). Conclusión: La frecuencia de DPC fue semejante a lo reportado por otros grupos.

Electromyographic characterisation of abdominal wall trigger points developed after caesarean section and response to local anaesthesia: an observational study.

OBJECTIVE: This study examines the electromyography pattern of abdominal trigger points developed after a caesarean section, and the association between clinical response and local anaesthetic injection. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: A tertiary university hospital. POPULATION: Twenty-nine women with chronic pelvic pain associated with trigger points after a caesarean section were included in the study. METHODS: Participants received needle electromyography before treatment, then underwent a treatment protocol consisting of trigger-point injection of 2 ml of 1% lidocaine. The protocol was repeated once a week for 4 weeks. The clinical responses of the patients were compared 1 week after and 3 months after treatment. The clinical trial is registered with the Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (REBEC) under RBR-42c6gz (www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-42c6gz/). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Needle electromyography and algometry results and pain reduction. RESULTS: Fifteen patients had abnormal electromyography findings; 14 had normal findings. The rates of response 1 week and 3 months after treatment within the abnormal electromyography group were 95 and 87%, respectively. In the normal group, the rate was 38% both 1 week after and 3 months after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Trigger points developed after caesarean section, even without clinical symptoms or signs of neuralgia, may originate from neuropathies. Electromyographic abnormalities were associated with pain remission after anaesthesia injection; normal electromyography findings were associated with undiagnosed causes of pain, such as adhesions. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: Trigger points developed after caesarean section are neuropathies, even in the absence of classical neuralgia.

TeleCondutas: prostatite crônica/síndrome da dor pélvica crônica / TeleGuides: chronic prostatitis / chronic pelvic pain syndrome

Sintomas de prostatite são muito comuns na população, ocorrendo com uma prevalência média de 8,2%. Estima-se que 35% a 50% dos homens apresentarão esses sintomas em algum momento de sua vida. Entre as formas de prostatite, a apresentação mais comum é a Prostatite Crônica/ Síndrome da Dor Pélvica Crônica (PC/SDPC). PC/SDPC é uma síndrome clínica definida essencialmente pela presença de dor pélvica crônica não causada por patologias identificáveis. Apesar do termo "prostatite", parcela significativa dos casos não tem sinal de inflamação ("-ite") da próstata. Infecções causadas por Clamídia, Micoplasma ou Ureaplasma geralmente não são responsáveis pela PC/SDPC. Tampouco se sabe em que extensão a próstata é responsável pelos sintomas. Além de prevalente, a PC/SDPC prejudica a qualidade de vida dos homens e tem importante impacto econômico. Está frequentemente associada a dor genital, dor ejaculatória, dor abdominal, sintomas do trato urinário inferior e disfunção erétil. Ansiedade e medo de doenças graves são achados comuns em pacientes com PC/SDPC e podem contribuir com os sintomas. Múltiplas consultas, investigações e procedimentos também são riscos aos quais esses pacientes estão sujeitos. Pouca atenção tem sido dada à essa condição, o que resulta em literatura relativamente escassa sobre o assunto. Considerando a diversidade e severidade dos sintomas, assim como as comorbidades sistêmicas que frequentemente estão associadas (como síndrome do intestino irritável e fibromialgia), abordagens terapêuticas uniformes e monoterápicas raramente funcionam. Não surpreende que a PC/SDPC seja uma condição associada a significativa frustração, tanto nos pacientes quanto nos médicos. É necessário, portanto, que o diagnóstico e tratamento adequado seja feito na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), em vistas a melhorar a qualidade de vida do paciente e evitar encaminhamentos desnecessários ao urologista. Esta guia apresenta informação que orienta a conduta para casos de prostatite crônica/síndrome da dor pélvica crônica no contexto da Atenção Primária à Saúde, incluindo: Classificação, Sinais e Sintomas, Diagnóstico, Tratamento, Encaminhamento para serviço especializado, Referências, Anexo.

Vulvar pain in pregnancy.

The patient was first diagnosed with candida vaginitis, but a second opinion and a closer look at the clinical picture gave way to a different diagnosis.

Evaluación de pacientes con diagnóstico de dolor pélvico crónico utilizando la escala visual análoga, luego de ser intervenidas con medicina neuralterapéutica en la consulta externa de la Universidad Nacional y hospital Meissen / Evaluation of patients diagnosed with chronic pelvic pain using the analogue visual scale, after being treated with neural therapy medicine in the outpatient clinic of the National University and Meissen Hospital

Introducción: El dolor pélvico crónico es un dolor no cíclico presente al menos por seis meses localizado por debajo del ombligo e incluye la pared abdominal, la región lumbosacra y las caderas. Es una enfermedad multifactorial, que se está convirtiendo en un problema de salud pública. La terapia neural es un sistema médico complejo de carácter sintético e integral, cuyo objetivo no se centra en abordar la enfermedad, sino el enfermo como un todo. Objetivo: Describir las variaciones en la evaluación del dolor pélvico crónico cuantificado mediante la escala visual análoga, en pacientes que consultaron por dicha sintomatología e intervenidas con medicina neuralterapéutica en la consulta externa de medicina alternativa de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Bogotá (CASE) y Hospital Meissen. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo tipo serie de casos. Se utilizó la escala visual análoga para medición de dolor antes y posterior a la intervención neuralterapéutica. Conclusión: la medicina neuralterapéutica es una alternativa para el tratamiento en pacientes que padecen dolor pélvico crónico, puesto que permitió una disminución notoria del dolor, por producir modificaciones del dolor en la escala visual análoga y disminución de la frecuencia de dolor a la semana.

Síndrome da congestão venosa pélvica e resultados do tratamento endovascular: série de casos / Pelvic congestion syndrome case series: results of endovascular treatment

A Síndrome da Congestão Venosa Pélvica (SCVP) é uma causa de dor pélvica crônica, que afeta principalmente mulheres multíparas em idade reprodutiva. Para o tratamento desta síndrome, a embolização de varizes pélvicas tem demonstrado excelentes resultados. Relatamos uma série inicial de pacientes submetidas a tratamento com embolização de varizes pélvicas e os respectivos resultados de acompanhamento pós-operatório. São apresentados dados clínicos, detalhes do procedimento e resultados do acompanhamento e de exames de imagem de seis pacientes. Dentre estas pacientes, o sucesso técnico foi de 100% e não houve relato de complicações trans ou pós-operatórias graves. Em todos os casos, pôde-se observar alívio dos sintomas e melhora nos resultados de exames de imagens no acompanhamento de curto prazo. Os resultados nesta pequena série de casos indicam que a embolização é um tratamento seguro e efetivo para a SCVP.

Pelvic Congestion Syndrome (PCS) is a cause of chronic pelvic pain that primarily affects multiparous women of reproductive age. Embolization of pelvic varicose veins offers excellent results for treatment of this syndrome. We describe an initial series of patients treated with embolization of pelvic varicose veins and their respective postoperative follow-up results. We provide clinical data, details of the procedures performed and results of follow-up and imaging exams for six patients. The technical success rate with these patients was 100% and there were no reports of serious intraoperative or postoperative complications. In all cases there was relief from symptoms and improvements in the results of imaging exams during short-term follow-up. The results of this small series of cases indicate that embolization is a safe and effective treatment for PCS.

Recomendaciones en el manejo práctico de adolescentes que consultan por dolor pelviano crónico / Recommendations on the practical management of adolescents with chronic pelvic pain

El dolor pelviano crónico constituye un motivo frecuente de consulta entre las adolescentes. Se define como un malestar cíclico o no cíclico, intermitente o constante en la zona de la pelvis que persiste por no menos de 3 a 6 meses. Su diagnóstico y manejo resulta complejo en ocasiones, por lo que suele ser frustrante para la paciente, sus padres y el médico tratante. Incluso, puede llevar a problemas funcionales como cambios en la dinámica de la familia y a ausentismo escolar. Es precisamente la elevada frecuencia de este síndrome y sus múltiples peculiaridades lo que nos ha motivado a elaborar la presente revisión, que esperamos resulte de utilidad a todos los involucrados en la atención ginecológica de este sector de la población(AU)

Chronic pelvic pain is a frequent symptom among adolescents. It is defined as a cyclic or non-cyclic, intermittent or constant discomfort in the pelvic area that lasts for at least 3-6 months. The diagnosis and management is sometimes complicated, so, it is often frustrating for patients, parents and the treating physician. It may even lead to functional problems such as changes in family dynamics and truancy. It is precisely the high frequency of this syndrome and its many peculiarities which has led us to develop the present review, hoping to be useful to everyone involved in gynecological care in this sector of the population(AU)

Abordaje integral del dolor pélvico crónico: revisión de la literatura / Comprehensive approach to chronic pelvic pain: literature review

El dolor pélvico crónico es una manifestación de muchas enfermedades y un síntoma muy frecuente en la consulta de ginecología. Para entender más completamente su presentación clínica, se explican los mecanismos neuroanatómicos y neurofisiológicos implicados y las causas más comúnmente diagnosticadas. Se resalta la necesidad de un abordaje multidisciplinario, ya que a pesar de su alta prevalencia no existe una clara aproximación de su abordaje primario en forma integral. El objetivo de este estudio es realizar una revisión de la literatura que permita definir los puntos más relevantes para el abordaje diagnóstico y terapéutico de esta patología. Se presentan los estudios disponibles y recomendados según la clínica de las pacientes, adicionalmente puntos clave y signos útiles para evaluar integralmente la consulta motivada por esta condición.

Chronic pelvic pain is a manifestation of many diseases and a frequent symptom in gynecology. To understand completely as the clinical presentation neuroanatomical and neurophysiological mechanisms involved and the most commonly diagnosed causes are explained. In addition, the need for a multidisciplinare approach is emphasized because, despite its high prevalence there is no clear approach to its primary approach comprehensively. The objective of this study is to review the literature to define the most relevant diagnostic and therapeutic approach to this condition. We propose available studies and good options according to clinic of the patients; additionally we comment key points and useful signs at the moment of an integral approach of this condition.

Endometriose / Endometriosis

Esse trabalho teve por objetivo apresentar uma revisão e análise crítica sobre o tratamento da endometriose, com ênfase no manejo clínico da doença e, principalmente, comparar esquemas disponíveis e padronizados de tratamento clínico. Pôde-se observar uma alta prevalência de manifestações clínicas dessa afecção em mulheres com infertilidade e portadoras de dor pélvica crônica. O tratamento farmacológico depende da extensão e severidade da doença, idade da paciente e desejo de engravidar. Os dados e informações relacionados à eficácia das diferentes abordagens terapêuticas descritas para endometriose são muito controversos e devem ser revistos à medida que outros estudos clínicos mostrarem evidências mais concretas e confiáveis.

Síndrome de congestión pelvica. Aspectos generales: clinica, diagnóstico y terapuetica: revisión sistemática de la literatura / Pelvic congestion syndrome. General aspects: clinic, diagnosis

Introducción. El síndrome de congestión pélvica es una queja ginecológica frecuentemente pasada por alto; se caracteriza por la presencia de dolor pélvico persistente, sordo, ubicado por lo general en uno de los puntos ováricos. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una revisión de literatura con el objetivo de describir las características generales del síndrome de congestión pélvica en cuanto a presentación clínica, métodos diagnósticos y abordaje terapéutico, en las bases de dato de libre acceso por medio del sistema de información de la Biblioteca Jorge Roa Martínez de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira (MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, OVID, PROQUEST, SCIENCEDIRECT, COCHRANE y BIREME), por medio de palabras clave y búsqueda en cadena. Se aplicaron escalas de evaluación de calidad a los diferentes tipos de artículos. Resultados. Se seleccionaron un total de 25 artículos sin discriminación por tipo de los cuales se extrajeron los aspectos de interés para la revisión. Discusión. Existe uniformidad en diferentes aspectos sobre el síndrome de congestión pélvica, sin embargo es necesario plantear nuevos estudios que permitan establecer los riesgos relativos de diferentes factores de riesgo y la evaluación pronostica de los diferentes abordajes a las pacientes de esta importante patología. Palabras clave: Dolor pélvico crónico, venas varicosas.

Introduction. Pelvic congestion syndrome, is a commonly overlooked gynecological complaint; it is characterized by the presence of persistent, dull, pelvic pain, usually located in one of the ovaric points. Methods. A literature review was made with the objective to describe the main characteristics of the pelvic congestion syndrome, regarding clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, and therapeutic approach, using open access data bases, through the information system of the library of “Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira” (MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, OVID, PROQUEST, SCIENCEDIRECT, COCHRANE and BIREME), using keywords and chain search. Quality evaluation scores were applied to the different articles. Results. A total of 25 articles were selected, without any type-discrimination, and the relevant aspects for this review were extracted. Discussion. There is uniformity in different aspects regarding pelvic congestion syndrome; however, it´s necessary to design new studies that allow to determine the relative risks of different risk factors, and the prognostic evaluation of the several approaches to the patient with this important syndrome.