Chronic inflammatory periapical diseases: a Brazilian multicenter study of 10,381 cases and literature review.

The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of chronic inflammatory periapical diseases in different regions of Brazil and to compare with data from the literature. A multicenter study was carried out in four Brazilian referral centers in oral diagnosis. Histopathological records were reviewed, and all cases diagnosed microscopically as periapical granuloma, radicular cyst, and periapical abscess were included. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Descriptive statistics and Pearson's chi-square test were performed. A total of 10,381 cases of chronic inflammatory periapical diseases were found (13.8% of 74,931 archived specimens) over a period of 65 years. Radicular cysts were the most common lesion (59.9%). Women (56.1%) with a mean age of 37.01 years old (range 13 to 100 ± 14.42) and people of white skin color (59.2%) were the most affected individuals by chronic inflammatory periapical diseases. The lesions were generally asymptomatic (28.1%), located in the maxilla (60.1%), and posterior region (49.8%). The radicular cysts were larger when compared to periapical granulomas (p < 0.001). The disagreement between the clinical and histopathological diagnoses was higher when the final diagnosis was a periapical granuloma (p < 0.001). Chronic inflammatory periapical diseases continue to be common lesions affecting mainly adults. This should be a consequence of the burden of untreated caries in permanent teeth. Women are more affected and radicular cyst was the most common lesion.

Chronic inflammatory periapical diseases: a Brazilian multicenter study of 10, 381 cases and literature review

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of chronic inflammatory periapical diseases in different regions of Brazil and to compare with data from the literature. A multicenter study was carried out in four Brazilian referral centers in oral diagnosis. Histopathological records were reviewed, and all cases diagnosed microscopically as periapical granuloma, radicular cyst, and periapical abscess were included. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Descriptive statistics and Pearson's chi-square test were performed. A total of 10,381 cases of chronic inflammatory periapical diseases were found (13.8% of 74,931 archived specimens) over a period of 65 years. Radicular cysts were the most common lesion (59.9%). Women (56.1%) with a mean age of 37.01 years old (range 13 to 100 ± 14.42) and people of white skin color (59.2%) were the most affected individuals by chronic inflammatory periapical diseases. The lesions were generally asymptomatic (28.1%), located in the maxilla (60.1%), and posterior region (49.8%). The radicular cysts were larger when compared to periapical granulomas (p < 0.001). The disagreement between the clinical and histopathological diagnoses was higher when the final diagnosis was a periapical granuloma (p < 0.001). Chronic inflammatory periapical diseases continue to be common lesions affecting mainly adults. This should be a consequence of the burden of untreated caries in permanent teeth. Women are more affected and radicular cyst was the most common lesion.

Periapicopatias inflamatórias de origem endodôntica: estudo multicêntrico na população brasileira / Endodontic periapical lesions: A multicenter study in the Brazilian population

Introdução: as periapicopatias inflamatórias de origem endodôntica são as doenças mais frequentes dos ossos maxilares e ocorrem principalmente como consequência da disseminação da infecção endodôntica. Apesar de vários estudos, não existem dados recentes sobre as características epidemiológicas e clínicas dessas lesões envolvendo uma amostra tão grande da população. Objetivo: Investigar as características epidemiológicas e clínicas das periapicopatias inflamatórias de origem endodôntica, incluindo o granuloma periapical, o cisto radicular e o abscesso periapical. Metodologia: foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo e multicêntrico em quatro instituições com centros de referência em diagnóstico oral no Brasil. Todos os registros histopatológicos foram revisados e foram incluídos todos os casos diagnosticados microscopicamente como granuloma periapical, cisto radicular e abscesso periapical. Foram coletados os seguintes dados demográficos e clínicos: sexo, idade e cor da pele dos pacientes, sintomas, duração, tamanho e localização das lesões e concordância entre o diagnóstico clínico e histopatológico. Análises estatísticas descritivas e bivariadas, utilizando o teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson, foram realizadas. Em casos de variáveis com mais de duas categorias, utilizou-se o teste Z para comparação das proporções de colunas e a correção de Bonferroni. Valores de p < 0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significativos. Resultados: foram encontrados 10.381 casos de lesões periapicais entre 74.931 espécimes arquivados (13,8%) em 65 anos. Os cistos radiculares foram as lesões mais comuns (59,9%). As lesões periapicais acometeram principalmente mulheres (56,1%), com média de idade de 37,01 anos (13 a 100 ± 14,42 anos) e cor de pele branca (59,2%). As lesões eram geralmente assintomáticas (28,1%), persistindo por mais de um ano (13,3%), com tamanho de até 10 mm (25,2%) e localizadas na maxila (60,1%) e região posterior (49,8%). Os cistos radiculares foram maiores (p < 0,001), com maior ocorrência de sintomatologia (p < 0,027) e maior frequência na região posterior (p < 0,001) em relação aos granulomas periapicais. A possibilidade de discordância entre o diagnóstico clínico e histopatológico foi maior nos granulomas periapicais (p < 0,001). Conclusões: as periapicopatias inflamatórias de origem endodôntica foram comuns em serviços de Patologia Bucomaxilofacial, acometendo principalmente adultos. Isso deve ser uma consequência da carga de cáries não tratadas em dentes permanentes. As mulheres são mais afetadas e o cisto radicular é a lesão mais comum.

Introduction: Inflammatory periapical lesions are the most frequent diseases of maxillary bones and occur mainly as a consequence of the dissemination of endodontic infection. Despite several studies, there are no recent data on the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of these lesions involving such a large sample. Objective: To investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of periapical lesions, including periapical granuloma, radicular cyst and periapical abscess. Methodology: A multicenter retrospective study was realized in four institutional reference centers in oral diagnosis in Brazil. Histopathological records were reviewed and included all cases diagnosed microscopically as periapical granuloma, radicular cyst and periapical abscess. Data on patient sex, age, skin color, symptoms, lesion duration, lesion size, lesion location and concordance between clinical and histopathological diagnosis were collected. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analyses using Pearson's Chi-square test were done. A z-test, to compare the column proportions, and Bonferroni correction were used, in the case of variables with more than two categories. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Were found 10,381 cases of periapical lesions among 74,931 archived specimens (13.8%) in 65 years. Radicular cysts were the most common lesions (59.9%). Periapical lesions affected mainly women (56.1%), with a mean age of 37,01 years (range 13 to 100 ± 14,42) and white-skinned (59.2%). The lesions were generally asymptomatic (28.1%), persisting for more than one year (13.3%), size up to 10 mm (25.2%) and located in the maxilla (60.1%) and posterior region (49.8%). The radicular cysts were larger (p < 0.001), with a higher occurrence of symptomatology (p < 0.027) and higher frequency in the posterior region (p < 0.001) compared to periapical granulomas. The possibility of disagreement between clinical and histopathological diagnosis was higher in periapical granulomas (p < 0.001) than radicular cyst. Conclusions: Endodontic periapical lesions were common in the Bucomaxillofacial Pathology services affecting mainly adults. This should be a consequence of the burden of untreated caries in permanent teeth. Women are more affected and radicular cyst is the most common lesion.

A retrospective analysis of oral and maxillofacial pathology in a pediatric population from Rio de Janeiro-Brazil over a 75-year period

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution of oral and maxillofacial lesions affecting children and adolescents patients from a single oral pathology laboratory from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Oral and maxillofacial lesions biopsied in patients younger than 19-years were retrieved from the oral pathology files of the Department of Oral Diagnosis and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro over a 75-year period (1942-2017). The clinical data and the diagnoses of each case were included in a Microsoft Excel(R) database, being classified into 13 categories according to the etiology. A descriptive analysis of the variables age, gender and final diagnosis was made. RESULTS: From 19.095 lesions diagnosed in this period, 2408 (12.61%) were from patients aged 0 to19 years, with a higher incidence in females in the second decade. Salivary gland pathology was the most common group of lesions (24.30%), followed by reactive lesions (16.82%) and odontogenic cysts (14.66%). Mucocele was the most common lesion (21.72%), followed by dentigerous cyst (6.48%) and fibrous hyperplasia (6.44%). Malignant lesions were observed in 1.12% of all cases with Burkitt lymphoma as the most frequent. CONCLUSIONS: Our results were similar to previous studies and knowledge of these data may contribute to the understanding of oral lesions that most commonly affects children

Identificación y frecuencia de cuerpos hialinos de Russell en granulomas periapicales de origen endodóntico / Identification and frequency of Russell bodies in periapical granulomas of endodontic origin

Objetivo: identificar la presencia y las características de los cuerpos hialinos de Russell en granulomas periapicales de origen endodóntico. Materiales y métodos: se estudiaron 32 lesiones periapicales pertenecientes a restos radiculares humanos extraídos que fueron procesados para su estudio histológico y coloreados con verde de metilo-pironina, hematoxilina-safranina o con hematoxilina-eosina. De las 32 muestras, 30 fueron diagnosticadas histológicamente como granulomas periapicales, mientras que 2 fueron identificadas como quistes y descartadas del estudio. Resultados: los cuerpos hialinos de Russell fueron observados en 27 (90 por ciento) especímenes. Estas estructuras fueron detectadas dentro del citoplasma de plasmocitos, o bien distribuidas en el estroma del tejido circundante.

Identificación y frecuencia de cuerpos hialinos de Russell en granulomas periapicales de origen endodóntico / Identification and frequency of Russell bodies in periapical granulomas of endodontic origin

Objetivo: identificar la presencia y las características de los cuerpos hialinos de Russell en granulomas periapicales de origen endodóntico. Materiales y métodos: se estudiaron 32 lesiones periapicales pertenecientes a restos radiculares humanos extraídos que fueron procesados para su estudio histológico y coloreados con verde de metilo-pironina, hematoxilina-safranina o con hematoxilina-eosina. De las 32 muestras, 30 fueron diagnosticadas histológicamente como granulomas periapicales, mientras que 2 fueron identificadas como quistes y descartadas del estudio. Resultados: los cuerpos hialinos de Russell fueron observados en 27 (90 por ciento) especímenes. Estas estructuras fueron detectadas dentro del citoplasma de plasmocitos, o bien distribuidas en el estroma del tejido circundante.(AU)

A retrospective analysis of oral and maxillofacial pathology in an Australian adult population.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of oral and maxillofacial pathology has not previously been reported in the Australian adult population. This study aimed to audit a large pathology service to provide insight into the prevalence of head and neck pathologies. METHODS: Written records of a major Australian oral pathology service were imported into an electronic database. Age, gender and histological diagnosis were assessed. Prevalence of histological diagnoses as a percentage of the major diagnostic categories and of the whole sample were calculated, as well as gender predilections and mean age of presentation of disease. RESULTS: A total of 6344 oral pathology specimens, collected from adults aged 17 years and over were included in the analysis. Mucosal pathology was the most common pathology (37.2%), followed by odontogenic cysts (16.3%) and dental pathology (14.5%). The three most common histological diagnoses were fibrous hyperplasia (15.2%), chronic periapical granuloma (9.6%) and radicular cyst (9.5%). The male:female ratio of the entire sample was 0.74. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to describe the prevalence of oral and maxillofacial pathology among adult patients in an Australian population. The trends seen in this study are repeated in studies from other parts of the world, and are of diagnostic importance.

A retrospective analysis of oral and maxillofacial pathology in an Australian paediatric population.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of oral and maxillofacial pathology has not previously been reported in the Australian paediatric population. This study aimed to audit a large pathology service to provide insight into the prevalence of oral and maxillofacial pathology. METHODS: Written records of a major Australian oral pathology service were imported into an electronic database. Age, gender and histological diagnosis were assessed. Prevalence of histological diagnoses as a percentage of the major diagnostic categories and of the whole sample were calculated, as well as gender predilections and mean age of presentation of disease. RESULTS: A total of 1305 oral pathology specimens, collected from paediatric patients aged 16 and under were included in the analysis. The most common pathology was dental pathology (24.4%), followed by odontogenic cysts (18.5%) and mucosal pathology (17.0%). The most frequently encountered lesion was the dentigerous cyst (9.4%), followed by fibrous hyperplasia (8.3%), radicular cyst (5.2%) and chronic periapical granuloma (5.2%). CONCLUSIONS: In the paediatric population, dental pathology and specifically, the dentigerous cyst is the most common pathology type sent for histopathology, suggesting a high prevalence of pathology of dental origin occurring in Australian children.

Periapical granuloma associated with extracted teeth.

OBJECTIVE: This article aims to determine the incidence of periapical granuloma from extracted teeth and correlate the clinical diagnoses with the histopathological types of periapical granuloma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Over a period of eight months, a prospective study designed as a routine biopsy of recoverable periapical tissues obtained from patients who had single tooth extraction was carried out. RESULTS: One hundred and thirty-six patients participated in the study, with 75 (55.1%) histopathologically diagnosed periradicular lesions. There were 23 (16.9%) cases of periapical granuloma, with a male to female ratio of 2: 1. The lesion presented mostly between the third and fourth decades of life (n=9, 6.6%). Clinically diagnosed acute apical periodontitis was significantly associated with periapical granuloma, with predominantly foamy macrophages and lymphocytes (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Periapical granuloma appears to be a less common periapical lesion in this study compared to the previous reports. In contrast to reports that relate to an acute flare of the lesion with abundant neutrophilic infiltration, this study has shown marked foamy macrophages and lymphocytes at the acute phase, which are significantly associated with the clinical diagnosis of acute apical periodontitis. We recommend the classification of periapical granuloma into early, intermediate, and late stages of the lesion, based on the associated inflammatory cells.

Radiolucent inflammatory jaw lesions: a twenty-year analysis.

AIM: To determine the range and demographic and clinical features of radiolucent inflammatory jaw lesions. METHODOLOGY: Histopathology reports were reviewed to identify radiolucent jaw lesions. There were no clinical exclusive criteria, and the samples represented a wide range of clinical presentation and treatment history from multiple providers. Data were analysed using SPSS. To evaluate concordance of clinical and histological diagnoses, the clinician's provisional diagnosis was compared with the final histopathological diagnosis. RESULTS: A total of 17 038 specimens were reviewed; of these, 4983 (29.2%) were radiolucent jaw lesions, of which inflammatory lesions accounted for 72.8% (n = 3626). Periapical granulomas (59.7%) were the largest group followed by radicular cysts (29.2%). The mean age was 44 years (range 2-100 years), men and women were equally represented and the anterior maxilla was the most common site for the biopsied lesions. A provisional diagnosis was correct for only 48.3% of periapical granulomas and 36% of radicular cysts. CONCLUSIONS: This study included all presentations of periapical radiolucent lesions and showed that the incidence of cystic change in periapical lesions of endodontic origin is high at approximately 30% of all inflammatory lesions. Notwithstanding the relative frequencies, demographics and location of radiolucent inflammatory lesions presenting in the New Zealand population are comparable to that of other populations. No inflammatory radiolucent lesion can be reliably accurately diagnosed from clinical presentation and/or radiographic appearance alone.

Characterization of oral biopsies from a geriatric population.

A retrospective search was performed to find the histological diagnosis for all lesions recorded by an oral pathology service for patients 65 and older from 1969-2002. The search was subcategorized into two age groups and the 20 most common diagnoses from these categories were characterized by patient gender and race. Lesions then were classified into one of seven modified etiopathogenic categories. Of the 52,774 cases recorded during this time, 7,854 involved patients aged 65-84 and 393 cases involved patients 85 and older. Inflammatory lesions were the most common category of lesion in patients over the age of 65. Among patients aged 65-84, fibroma was the most common diagnosis, while squamous cell carcinoma was the most frequent diagnosis among patients 85 and older. Neoplastic lesions (epithelial dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma) comprised 11.7% of the diagnoses among patients aged 65-84 and 18.6% of the diagnoses among patients 85 and older. These data indicate that patients 85 and older demonstrated a statistically significant increased frequency of squamous cell carcinoma compared to patients in the 65-84 age group.

Identificación de los restos epiteliales de Malassez en granulomas dentarios periapicales, determinantes del diagnóstico y evolución de los mismos / Identification of epithelial rests of Malassez in periapical granulomas, determining the diagnosis and evolution of such lesions

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la presencia de las células epiteliales de Malassez en granulomas dentarios periapicales y una vez identificadas dichas células, comparar su grado de proliferación con la reacción inflamatoria adyacente. Las muestras fueron obtenidas de diferentes entidades de salud, consultorios privados, hospitales públicos y el Servicio de Emergencia de la Facultad de Odontología (UNNE). Se analizaron todas las muestras diagnosticadas clínicamente como proceso periapicales crónicos. Fueron procesadas con la técnica de rutina de inclusión en parafina y posterior tinción con hematoxilina y eosina. Se realizó el examen morfológico ytilizando microscopía óptica a 40X, 100X y 400X. Los resultados indicaron que del total de los casos estudiados, el 27 por ciento presentó proliferación de restos epiteliales de Malassez, los cuales mostraron diversos niveles de proliferación. Estos niveles de proliferación están en estrecha relación con el grado de intensidad del proceso inflamatorio, a mayor intensidad del proceso inflamatorio, mayor proliferación epitelial, con la consecuente interacción y potenciación mutua. También se observó que los granulomas periapicales epitelizados con altos niveles de proliferación e inflamación tienen mayor probabilidad de evolucionar a quistes radiculares.

Identificación de los restos epiteliales de Malassez en granulomas dentarios periapicales, determinantes del diagnóstico y evolución de los mismos / Identification of epithelial rests of Malassez in periapical granulomas, determining the diagnosis and evolution of such lesions

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la presencia de las células epiteliales de Malassez en granulomas dentarios periapicales y una vez identificadas dichas células, comparar su grado de proliferación con la reacción inflamatoria adyacente. Las muestras fueron obtenidas de diferentes entidades de salud, consultorios privados, hospitales públicos y el Servicio de Emergencia de la Facultad de Odontología (UNNE). Se analizaron todas las muestras diagnosticadas clínicamente como proceso periapicales crónicos. Fueron procesadas con la técnica de rutina de inclusión en parafina y posterior tinción con hematoxilina y eosina. Se realizó el examen morfológico ytilizando microscopía óptica a 40X, 100X y 400X. Los resultados indicaron que del total de los casos estudiados, el 27 por ciento presentó proliferación de restos epiteliales de Malassez, los cuales mostraron diversos niveles de proliferación. Estos niveles de proliferación están en estrecha relación con el grado de intensidad del proceso inflamatorio, a mayor intensidad del proceso inflamatorio, mayor proliferación epitelial, con la consecuente interacción y potenciación mutua. También se observó que los granulomas periapicales epitelizados con altos niveles de proliferación e inflamación tienen mayor probabilidad de evolucionar a quistes radiculares.(AU)

A retrospective study of paediatric oral lesions from Thailand.

AIM: To survey the paediatric oral lesions in Thailand. DESIGN: Biopsy records over a 15-year period (1990-2004) were retrieved from the files of the Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University. Paediatric cases with an age of 16 years or younger were selected. The age of the patients was divided into three groups according to the dentition period. The lesions were classified into three categories: inflammatory/reactive lesions, cystic lesions, and tumour/tumour-like lesions. RESULTS: From a total of 8314 oral biopsies, 1251 cases (15.05%) were in the paediatric population. The greatest number of lesions fell into the cystic category, followed closely by the inflammatory/reactive category and tumour/tumour-like category, respectively. The top ten most frequently encountered lesions in the present study were dentigerous cyst, mucocele, pyogenic granuloma, ameloblastoma, radicular cyst, odontoma, odontogenic keratocyst, irritation fibroma (focal fibrous hyperplasia), fibrous dysplasia, and osteomyelitis. The majority of lesions were found in the mixed dentition period (49.24%). There was no statistical difference in the occurrence between genders in this study. CONCLUSIONS: The present study shows an almost similar trend to previous studies except in the ranking among and within categories. These differences may be attributable to the nature of the population studied and because Chulalongkorn University is a major referral centre.

An analysis of oral and maxillofacial pathology found in children over a 30-year period.

AIM: The vast majority of oral diseases are confined to oral tissues, but numerous underlying systemic conditions may present with signs and symptoms within the oral cavity. Since the epidemiology of diseases is variable between regions, the authors carried out Europe's first paediatric-based survey of oral and maxillofacial pathology specimens submitted for diagnosis. DESIGN: All entries for specimens from children between the ages of 0 and 16 years during the 30-year period from 1973 to 2002 were retrieved and compiled into 12 diagnostic categories. RESULTS: During the study period, 4406 (8.2%) specimens came from children between the ages of 0 and 16 years, with a male to female ratio of 1.01. The diagnostic category with the largest number of specimens was tooth pathology (22.1%), followed by salivary gland disease (19.1%) and mucosal pathology (12.1%). In all, there were 114 benign tumours of nonodontogenic origin, 43 odontogenic tumours and 31 malignant tumours. The most frequently diagnosed lesions were mucous extravasation cysts, which accounted for over 16% of cases. Periapical pathology in the form of a radicular cyst, residual cyst or chronic periapical granuloma formed almost 13% of all cases. CONCLUSIONS: This survey shows that, while nearly 10% of specimens submitted to the authors' laboratory are from children under 16 years of age, the majority of lesions are of a benign nature, requiring minimal intervention; less than 1% of cases comprise malignant lesions. Odontogenic tumours are relatively rare in this age group; however, certain lesions such as adenomatoid odontogenic tumour and ameloblastic fibroma occur predominantly in children and, therefore, remain an important diagnostic consideration.

Avaliação da prevalência de lesões periapicais examinadas no Laboratório de Patologia Bucal da FO-PUCRS nos anos de 1973, 1983, 1993 e 2003 / Evaluation of the prevalence of periapical pathology examined at the bucal Patholology Lab of the PUC-RS in the years of 1973, 1983, 1993 and 2003

A ocorrência das lesões inflamatórias periapicais é uma questão discutida na literatura. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um levantamento da prevalência de cistos, granulomas e abscessos nos anos de 1973, 1983, 1993 e 2003 na Faculdade de Odontologia da PUCRS, analisando a ocorrência dessas patologias de acordo com a idade, sexo e localização anatômica. Para isto, foram coletados dados nas fichas de biópsia dos casos registrados no Laboratório de Patologia Bucal da Faculdade de Odontologia da PUCRS. Posteriormente os mesmos foram inseridos no programa Access® e analisados estatisticamente. Verificou-se que entre as lesões periapicais, a prevalência do cisto foi de 55.5%, num total de 119 biopsias. O ano com maior número de diagnósticos foi 1993 (61 lesões). O sexo feminino foi acometido por 68.1% dos casos, e a segunda década de vida foi acometida com 26%. A região da maxila anterior mostrou-se a mais atingida (32%) e há uma associação significativa entre a ocorrência de abscessos na maxila e de granulomas na mandíbula

Intra-osseous lesions in Greek children and adolescents. A study based on biopsy material over a 26-year period.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the spectrum of oral intra-osseous lesions in a Greek population, consisting of children and adolescents under 18 years of age. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data was obtained from the histopathological reports that accompanied biopsy request forms, which were retrieved from the files of the Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Athens, during a 26-year period. A retrospective analysis with respect to patients' age and gender, frequency and location of the lesions was performed. The lesions were classified into cystic (odontogenic and non-odontogenic) and solid lesions (odontogenic and non-odontogenic). The patients were divided into three age groups: a) 0-6 years old, b) 7-12 years old and c) 13-18 years old. RESULTS: 474 intra-osseous lesions were detected and represented 2.38% out of a total of 19933 biopsies. Male/female ratio was 1.25/1. The majority of the lesions was located in the mandible (49.8%) and occurred in the third age group of patients (58.7%). Odontogenic cysts represented the most frequent intraosseous lesion (64.1%) followed by non-odontogenic solid lesions representing 22.5% of the intra-osseous population. The most frequently encountered lesions in descending order were radicular (36.3%) and dentigerous (18%) cysts, keratocysts (9.5%), apical granulomas (7.6%), odontomas (6%) and fibrous dysplasia (5%). Only 6 malignant lesions were reported (1.3%). CONCLUSIONS: This clinicopathologic study revealed that a broad spectrum of mostly benign bony lesions may occur during childhood.

Periapical central giant cell granuloma: a potential endodontic misdiagnosis.

This retrospective study ascertained the incidence and clinicopathologic features of central giant cell granulomas (CGCGs) associated with teeth with necrotic pulps or teeth that had received previous endodontic treatment and determined whether periapical CGCGs can result in endodontic misdiagnosis. Clinical and histopathologic data of biopsy specimens diagnosed as CGCG were collected from the archives of the Oral Pathology Laboratory, Temple University, and were reviewed. Over the 9-year period, 16 of 79 cases (20%) of CGCG were associated with a tooth that had a history of pulp necrosis. Of those, 14 (88%) were associated with previous root canal treatment. The data from this series of 79 cases of CGCG also showed that CGCGs were less common in women, less common before age 30, and did not cross the midline of the jaw as often as previously reported. Clinical and histopathologic data were compared from (1) CGCGs associated with teeth with vital pulps or that occurred in edentulous areas; (2) CGCGs associated with teeth with necrotic pulps; and (3) 194 cases of periapical granulomas and radicular cysts. These data strongly suggest that CGCGs associated with teeth with necrotic pulps are not directly related to periapical inflammation and may be misdiagnosed as endodontic lesions. Posttreatment follow-up and routine submission of periapical surgical specimens are emphasized.

Prevalencia de lesiones histopatológicas bucales en la zona del Bajío (agosto del 90 a diciembre del 96) / Prevalence of histopathological oral lesions in the Bajio zone (August 90 trough December 96)

Objetivo: establecer la prevalencia de las lesiones histopatológicas bucales definiendo sus características clínicas, de pacientes en la región del Bajío, México, durante un período de seis años (agosto de 1990 a diciembre de 1996). Material y métodos. Se revisaron los registros de diagnósticos histopatológicos efectuados por el autor, de las lesiones diagnosticadas en el CUERPO, con el propósito de obtener la información epidemiológica correspondiente. Resultados. Durante el lapso del estudio, se efectuaron un total de 1.047 biopsias, predominando el sexo femenino y los pacientes de la década de los 20-29 años; participaron 18 instituciones canalizando sus biopsias para el diagnóstico histopatológico correspondiente, donde las universidades de la región aportaron el 53 por ciento de los mismos. Se diagnosticaron 300 lesiones diferentes, el granuloma periapical crónico infectado fue la lesión más frecuente. Las lesiones odontológicas prevalecieron. Las lesiones malignas representaron el 3.63 por ciento del total de las biopsias, siendo el carcinoma epidermoide la lesión maligna más frecuente

[Prevalence of the various types of periapical lesions and the significance of histologic evaluation]. / A periapicalis laesiók típusainak prevalenciája, a szövettani értékelés jelentósége.

To determine the prevalence of radicular cyst and chronic apical periodontitis among human periapical lesions 299 lesions were analysed during the past 6 years. The specimen were obtained during extraction or endodontic surgery. Of the lesions assessed, 195 (65.2%) were found histopathologically to be cystic, 96 (32.1%) were diagnosed as chronic apical periodontitis and 8 (2.7%) were observed as "other lesion". Studies to determine the diagnostic features and prevalence of these lesions have failed to reach a consensus view, though the treatment and the prognosis may differ to the lesion present.