Colorectal carcinoma peritoneal metastases-derived organoids: results and perspective of a model for tailoring hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy from bench-to-bedside.

BACKGROUND: Peritoneal metastases from colorectal cancer (CRCPM) are related to poor prognosis. Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) have been reported to improve survival, but peritoneal recurrence rates are still high and there is no consensus on the drug of choice for HIPEC. The aim of this study was to use patient derived organoids (PDO) to build a relevant CRCPM model to improve HIPEC efficacy in a comprehensive bench-to-bedside strategy. METHODS: Oxaliplatin (L-OHP), cisplatin (CDDP), mitomycin-c (MMC) and doxorubicin (DOX) were used to mimic HIPEC on twelve PDO lines derived from twelve CRCPM patients, using clinically relevant concentrations. After chemotherapeutic interventions, cell viability was assessed with a luminescent assay, and the obtained dose-response curves were used to determine the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations. Also, induction of apoptosis by different HIPEC interventions on PDOs was studied by evaluating CASPASE3 cleavage. RESULTS: Response to drug treatments varied considerably among PDOs. The two schemes with better response at clinically relevant concentrations included MMC alone or combined with CDDP. L-OHP showed relative efficacy only when administered at low concentrations over a long perfusion period. PDOs showed that the short course/high dose L-OHP scheme did not appear to be an effective choice for HIPEC in CRCPM. HIPEC administered under hyperthermia conditions enhanced the effect of chemotherapy drugs against cancer cells, affecting PDO viability and apoptosis. Finally, PDO co-cultured with cancer-associated fibroblast impacted HIPEC treatments by increasing PDO viability and reducing CASPASES activity. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that PDOs could be a reliable in vitro model to evaluate HIPEC schemes at individual-patient level and to develop more effective treatment strategies for CRCPM.

Clinical impact of high-quality testing for peritoneal lavage cytology in pancreatic cancer.

In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients, the importance of peritoneal lavage cytology, which indicates unresectability, remains controversial. This study sought to determine whether positive peritoneal lavage cytology (CY+) precludes pancreatectomy. Furthermore, we propose a novel liquid biopsy using peritoneal lavage fluid to detect viable peritoneal tumor cells (v-PTCs) with TelomeScan F35, a telomerase-specific replication-selective adenovirus engineered to express green fluorescent protein. Resectable cytologically or histologically proven PDAC patients (n = 53) were enrolled. CY was conducted immediately following laparotomy. The resulting fluid was examined by conventional cytology (conv-CY; Papanicolaou staining and MOC-31 immunostaining) and by the novel technique (Telo-CY; using TelomeScan F35). Of them, 5 and 12 were conv-CY+ and Telo-CY+, respectively. All underwent pancreatectomy. The two double-CY+ (conv-CY+ and Telo-CY+) patients showed early peritoneal recurrence (P-rec) postoperatively, despite adjuvant chemotherapy. None of the three conv-CY+ Telo-CY- patients exhibited P-rec. Six of the 10 Telo-CY+ conv-CY- patients (60%) relapsed with P-rec. Of the remaining 38 double-CY- [conv-CY-, Telo-CY-, conv-CY± (Class III)] patients, 3 (8.3%) exhibited P-rec. Although conv-CY+ status predicted poor prognosis and a higher risk of P-rec, Telo-CY was more sensitive for detecting v-PTC. Staging laparoscopy and performing conv-CY and Telo-CY are needed to confirm the indication for pancreatectomy.

Intraperitoneal chemotherapy for peritoneal metastases of gastric origin: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer with peritoneal metastases is associated with a dismal prognosis. Normothermic catheter-based intraperitoneal chemotherapy and normothermic pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) are methods to deliver chemotherapy intraperitoneally leading to higher intraperitoneal concentrations of cytotoxic drugs compared to intravenous administration. We reviewed the effectiveness and safety of different methods of palliative intraperitoneal chemotherapy. METHODS: Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science and Cochrane were searched for articles studying the use of repeated administration of palliative intraperitoneal chemotherapy in patients with gastric cancer and peritoneal metastases, published up to January 2024. The primary outcome was overall survival. RESULTS: Twenty-three studies were included, representing a total of 999 patients. The pooled median overall survival was 14.5 months. The pooled hazard ratio of the two RCTs using intraperitoneal paclitaxel and docetaxel favoured the intraperitoneal chemotherapy arm. The median overall survival of intraperitoneal paclitaxel, intraperitoneal docetaxel and PIPAC with cisplatin and doxorubicin were respectively 18.4 months, 13.2 months and 9.0 months. All treatment methods had a relatively safe toxicity profile. Conversion surgery after completion of intraperitoneal therapy was performed in 16% of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: Repeated intraperitoneal chemotherapy, regardless of method of administration, is safe for patients with gastric cancer and peritoneal metastases. Conversion surgery after completion of the intraperitoneal chemotherapy is possible in a subset of patients.

Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in colorectal cancer.

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the efficacy of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in colorectal cancer with peritoneal metastases (pmCRC) in a large international data set of patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with pmCRC from 39 centres who underwent cytoreductive surgery with HIPEC between 1991 and 2018 were selected and compared for the HIPEC protocols received-oxaliplatin-HIPEC versus mitomycin-HIPEC. Following analysis of crude data, propensity-score matching (PSM) and Cox-proportional hazard modelling were performed. Outcomes of interest were overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS) and the HIPEC dose-response effects (high versus low dose, dose intensification and double drug protocols) on OS, RFS and 90-day morbidity. Furthermore, the impact of the treatment time period was assessed. RESULTS: Of 2760 patients, 2093 patients were included. Median OS was 43 months (95% c.i. 41 to 46 months) with a median RFS of 12 months (95% c.i. 12 to 13 months). The oxaliplatin-HIPEC group had an OS of 47 months (95% c.i. 42 to 53 months) versus 39 months (95% c.i. 36 to 43 months) in the mitomycin-HIPEC group (P = 0.002), aHR 0.77, 95% c.i. 0.67 to 0.90, P < 0.001. The OS benefit persisted after PSM of the oxaliplatin-HIPEC group and mitomycin-HIPEC group (48 months (95% c.i. 42 to 59 months) versus 40 months (95% c.i. 37 to 44 months)), P < 0.001, aHR 0.78 (95% c.i. 0.65 to 0.94), P = 0.009. Similarly, matched RFS was significantly higher for oxaliplatin-HIPEC versus others (13 months (95% c.i. 12 to 15 months) versus 11 months (95% c.i. 10 to 12 months, P = 0.02)). High-dose mitomycin-HIPEC protocols had similar OS compared to oxaliplatin-HIPEC. HIPEC dose intensification within each protocol resulted in improved survival. Oxaliplatin + irinotecan-HIPEC resulted in the most improved OS (61 months (95% c.i. 51 to 101 months)). Ninety-day mortality in both crude and PSM analysis was worse for mitomycin-HIPEC. There was no change in treatment effect depending on the analysed time period. CONCLUSIONS: Oxaliplatin-based HIPEC provided better outcomes compared to mitomycin-based HIPEC. High-dose mitomycin-HIPEC was similar to oxaliplatin-HIPEC. The 90-day mortality difference favours the oxaliplatin-HIPEC group. A trend for dose-response between low- and high-dose HIPEC was reported.

Single-incision laparoscopic surgery for benign multicystic mesothelioma of the peritoneum in a young man: A case report.

Benign multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma (BMPM) is a rare condition, particularly in men, and the preoperative diagnosis poses a challenge. Here, we present a case involving single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) for BMPM in a 24-year-old man with a pelvic mass and a history of ulcerative colitis. Pelvic imaging revealed multifocal cysts, prompting the performance of SILS. The tumor was successfully resected with no residual lesions, and pathology confirmed the diagnosis of BMPM. This case represents the first documented instance of SILS being employed for BMPM in a man. BMPM, characterized by pelvic multifocal cysts, is a differential diagnosis, and SILS emerges as a viable option for both diagnosis and treatment.

The management of goal-directed fluid therapy during cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy.

Cytoreductive surgery is a surgical treatment approach that has been applied over the last 3 decades in patients with peritoneal metastases originating from intraabdominal organs. Goal-directed fluid therapy (GDFT) is an approach in which a patient fluid therapy during a medical procedure or surgery is carefully managed based on a specific goal. In this study, we aimed to present the results of GDFT in patients who underwent cytoreductive surgery for peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) during the perioperative period. This retrospective study included 398 patients patient who underwent cytoreductive surgery + hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS + HIPEC) due to PC originating from intraabdominal malignancies. Of the cases, 233 (58.6%) were female, and 165 (41.4%) were male patients. The mean age was 58.9. Perioperative findings revealed an average PC score of 12 (3-24), average lactate levels of 3 (2-7) mmol/L, Pao2/fio2 of 3.3 (2.4-4.1) mm Hg, mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 60 (55-70), average surgery duration of 6.5 hours (3-14), and average blood loss of 400 (200-4000) cc. The mean intraoperative fluid rate was 6.4 mL/kg/h (IQR 5.8-7.1). Sixteen (16.3%) patients experienced Clavien-Dindo Grade 3-4 adverse events. Within 30 days, 25 patients (6.3%) died. CRS + HIPEC procedures utilizing perioperative GDFT along with advanced anesthesia monitoring devices have shown successful application, offering an alternative to traditional and restrictive fluid management approaches.

Enhanced anti-tumor efficacy with multi-transgene armed mesenchymal stem cells for treating peritoneal carcinomatosis.

BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have garnered significant interest for their tumor-tropic property, making them potential therapeutic delivery vehicles for cancer treatment. We have previously shown the significant anti-tumour activity in mice preclinical models and companion animals with naturally occurring cancers using non-virally engineered MSCs with a therapeutic transgene encoding cytosine deaminase and uracil phosphoribosyl transferase (CDUPRT) and green fluorescent protein (GFP). Clinical studies have shown improved response rate with combinatorial treatment of 5-fluorouracil and Interferon-beta (IFNb) in peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC). However, high systemic toxicities have limited the clinical use of such a regime. METHODS: In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of intraperitoneal administration of non-virally engineered MSCs to co-deliver CDUPRT/5-Flucytosine prodrug system and IFNb to potentially enhance the cGAS-STING signalling axis. Here, MSCs were engineered to express CDUPRT or CDUPRT-IFNb. Expression of CDUPRT and IFNb was confirmed by flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively. The anti-cancer efficacy of the engineered MSCs was evaluated in both in vitro and in vivo model. ES2, HT-29 and Colo-205 were cocultured with engineered MSCs at various ratio. The cell viability with or without 5-flucytosine was measured with MTS assay. To further compare the anti-cancer efficacy of the engineered MSCs, peritoneal carcinomatosis mouse model was established by intraperitoneal injection of luciferase expressing ES2 stable cells. The tumour burden was measured through bioluminescence tracking. RESULTS: Firstly, there was no changes in phenotypes of MSCs despite high expression of the transgene encoding CDUPRT and IFNb (CDUPRT-IFNb). Transwell migration assays and in-vivo tracking suggested the co-expression of multiple transgenes did not impact migratory capability of the MSCs. The superiority of CDUPRT-IFNb over CDUPRT expressing MSCs was demonstrated in ES2, HT-29 and Colo-205 in-vitro. Similar observations were observed in an intraperitoneal ES2 ovarian cancer xenograft model. The growth of tumor mass was inhibited by ~ 90% and 46% in the mice treated with MSCs expressing CDUPRT-IFNb or CDUPRT, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, these results established the effectiveness of MSCs co-expressing CDUPRT and IFNb in controlling and targeting PC growth. This study lay the foundation for the development of clinical trial using multigene-armed MSCs for PC.

Malignant Extrarenal Rhabdoid tumor derived from the greater omentum: A case report and literature review.

BACKGROUND: Malignant extrarenal rhabdoid tumor (MERT) is a rare and highly metastatic tumor, which is more than 75% of patients dying within 6 months of initial diagnosis, and it often leads to misdiagnosis and delayed treatment. CASE: This paper reports a 16-year-old girl who presented with the chief complaint of acute abdominal pain. She underwent laparoscopic exploration and excisional biopsy, then pathological examination and immunohistochemistry revealed "extrarenal malignant rhabdomyoma." One month after operation, she died of intra-abdominal hemorrhage and multiple organ dysfunction. CONCLUSION: MERT were often misdiagnosed and had a poor prognosis. The surgery and chemotherapy are usually beneficial to prolong the survival time of patients with MERT.

Benign multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma in a sexagenerian man: an uncommon case presentation.

BACKGROUND: Multicystic mesothelial cyst is a rare, and usually benign, tumor which is rarely diagnosed preoperatively due to the poor specificity of its symptomatology. METHODS: We report the case of a 63-year-old man with multiple comorbidities (e.g. cryptogenic cirrhosis, chronic heart failure) and a history of surgical resection of a giant abdominal cyst, who complained of recurrent intermittent abdominal pain and vomiting that appeared several weeks before. Abdominal computed tomodensitometry (CT) revealed multiple diffusely localized cysts in the abdominal cavity, ranging from 30 mm to 210 mm. RESULTS: The patient underwent surgical resection of twelve intra-abdominal cysts, identified at final pathology as benign mesothelial cysts, which were probably a recurrence following the previous surgery for a single intra-abdominal cyst. Three months later, the patient recurred with development of two new intraperitoneal cysts, with an increasing volume on CT at last follow-up (18 months). Surveillance was recommended given the patient's comorbidities and the absence of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical resection is the treatment of choice for multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma, a rare disease that should be considered more as a borderline tumor than a benign tumor, given the high risk of recurrence and possible malignant transformation.

Analysis of causes and prognostic impact of tube occlusion during hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for appendiceal pseudomyxoma peritonei.

BACKGROUND: Appendiceal pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP), a rare tumor from mucinous appendiceal origins, is treated with Cytoreductive Surgery (CRS) and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC). However, tubing blockages during HIPEC treatment pose a common challenge, impeding the smooth progression of therapy. Few studies to date have explored the incidence and risk factors of tube occlusion during HIPEC in patients with appendiceal PMP, as well as its adverse impact on postoperative complications. METHODS: From October 2017 to June 2023, a total of 80 patients with appendiceal PMP undergoing combined CRS and HIPEC were included in this study. Tubing blockage events were strictly defined, with patients experiencing blockages during HIPEC treatment allocated to the study group, while those with unobstructed perfusion were assigned to the control group. A comparative analysis was conducted between the two groups regarding post-HIPEC health assessments and occurrence of complications. Risk factors for luminal occlusion during closed HIPEC procedures were identified through univariate and multivariate analysis of data from 303 HIPEC treatments. RESULTS: Tubing blockages occurred in 41 patients (51.3%). The study group experienced prolonged gastrointestinal decompression time (4.1 ± 3.0 vs. 2.5 ± 1.7 days, P = 0.003) and prolonged time to bowel movement (6.1 ± 2.3 vs. 5.1 ± 1.8 days, P = 0.022) compared to the control group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups. The 1-year survival rate postoperatively was 97%, and the 3-year survival rate was 81%, with no association found between tubing blockage and poorer survival. Additionally, In 303 instances of HIPEC treatment among these 80 patients, tube occlusion occurred in 89 cases (89/303, 29.4%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed age, diabetes, hypertension, and pathology as independent risk factors for tube occlusion. CONCLUSION: Tubing blockages are a common occurrence during HIPEC treatment, leading to prolonged postoperative gastrointestinal functional recovery time. When patients are elderly and have concomitant hypertension and diabetes, along with a histological type of low-grade mucinous tumor, the risk of tube occlusion increases. However, this study did not find a significant correlation between tubing blockage and the incidence of postoperative complications or overall patient survival.

Exosomal miR-493 suppresses MAD2L1 and induces chemoresistance to intraperitoneal paclitaxel therapy in gastric cancer patients with peritoneal metastasis.

Intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy with paclitaxel (PTX) for gastric cancer (GC) with peritoneal metastasis (PM) is considered a promising treatment approach, however, there are no useful biomarkers to predict the efficacy of IP therapy. We examined the association between intra-peritoneal exosomes, particularly exosomal micro-RNAs (exo-miRNAs), and IP-chemo sensitivity. MKN45 cells that were cultured with intra-peritoneal exosomes from patients who did not respond to IP therapy with PTX (IPnon-respond group) exhibited resistance to PTX compared with exosomes from responding patients (IPrespond group) (p = 0.002). A comprehensive search for exo-miRNAs indicated that miR-493 was significantly up-regulated in exosomes from the IPnon-respond group compared with those collected from the IPrespond group. The expression of miR-493 in PTX-resistant MKN45 cells (MKN45PTX-res) was higher compared with that in MKN45. In addition, MKN45PTX-res cells exhibited lower MAD2L1 gene and protein expression compared with MKN45. Finally, miR-493 enhancement by transfection of miR-493 mimics significantly down-regulated MAD2L1 expression in MKN45 cells and reduced PTX sensitivity. Our results suggest that intra-peritoneal exo-miR-493 is involved in chemoresistance to PTX by downregulating MAD2L1 in GC with PM. Exo-miR-493 may be a biomarker for chemoresistance and prognosis of GC patients with PM and may also be a promising therapeutic target.

[Analysis of sequential chemotherapy efficacy in ovarian epithelial carcinoma, fallopian tube carcinoma and primary peritoneal carcinoma].

Objective: To explore the sequential chemotherapy efficacy of different chemotherapeutic regimens in ovarian epithelial carcinoma, fallopian tube carcinoma, and primary peritoneal carcinoma. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical and pathological data of 100 patients with platinum-sensitive ovarian epithelial carcinoma, fallopian tube carcinoma, and primary peritoneal carcinoma treated at Peking University Peopel's Hospital from January 1992 to January 2019. All patients underwent staging surgery or cytoreductive surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. Based on different postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy regimens, patients were divided into the sequential chemotherapy group (70 cases) and the conventional chemotherapy group (30 cases). Clinical and pathological characteristics, chemotherapy efficacy, adverse reactions, and prognosis were compared between the two groups. Results: (1) Clinical and pathological characteristics: the age, tumor types (including ovarian epithelial carcinoma, fallopian tube carcinoma, and primary peritoneal carcinoma), pathological types, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, postoperative residual disease size, presence of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and total number of chemotherapy cycles were compared between the sequential chemotherapy group and the conventional chemotherapy group. There were no statistically significant differences observed in these characteristics between the two groups (all P>0.05). (2) Chemotherapy efficacy: the median sum of complete response (CR)+partial response (PR) duration in the sequential chemotherapy group was 80.0 months (range: 39 to 369 months), whereas in the conventional chemotherapy group, it was 28.0 months (range: 13 to 52 months). A statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups (Z=-7.82, P<0.001). (3) Chemotherapy adverse reactions: in the sequential chemotherapy group, 55 cases (79%, 55/70) experienced bone marrow suppression and 20 cases (29%, 20/70) had neurological symptoms. In the conventional chemotherapy group, these adverse reactions occurred in 11 cases (37%, 11/30) and 2 cases (7%, 2/30), respectively. Statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups for both bone marrow suppression and neurological symptoms (all P<0.05). For the other chemotherapy adverse reactions compared between the two groups, no statistically significant differences were observed (all P>0.05). (4) Prognosis: during the follow-up period, the recurrence rate in the sequential chemotherapy group was 73% (51/70) and in the conventional chemotherapy group was 100% (30/30). The median sum of recurrence-free interval was 70.5 months (range: 19 to 330 months) in the sequential chemotherapy group and 15.0 months (range: 6 to 40 months) in the conventional chemotherapy group. Statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups for both recurrence rate and median recurrence-free interval (all P<0.01).In the sequential chemotherapy group, the median progression-free survival (PFS) time was 84.0 months (range: 34 to 373 months), and the median overall survival (OS) time was 87.0 months (range: 45 to 377 months). In contrast, in the conventional chemotherapy group, the median PFS time was 30.5 months (range: 14 to 60 months), and the median OS time was 37.5 months (range: 18 to 67 months). Statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups for both PFS and OS (all P<0.001). In the sequential chemotherapy group, the 3-year, 5-year, and 10-year OS rates were 100% (70/70), 93% (65/70), and 21% (15/70), respectively. In contrast, in the conventional chemotherapy group, the OS rates were 50% (15/30) at 3 years, 3% (1/30) at 5 years, and 0 at 10 years, respectively. The two groups were compared respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusions: Sequential chemotherapy significantly prolongs PFS and OS in patients with ovarian epithelial carcinoma, fallopian tube carcinoma, and primary peritoneal carcinoma. The efficacy is superior to that of the conventional chemotherapy, with manageable adverse reactions. The use of sequential chemotherapy as first-line treatment for patients with ovarian epithelial carcinoma, fallopian tube carcinoma, and primary peritoneal carcinoma is recommended.

Senescent Fibroblasts Potentiate Peritoneal Metastasis of Diffuse-type Gastric Cancer Cells via IL-8-mediated Crosstalk.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Diffuse-type gastric cancer (DGC) often forms peritoneal metastases, leading to poor prognosis. However, the underlying mechanism of DGC-mediated peritoneal metastasis is poorly understood. DGC is characterized by desmoplastic stroma, in which heterogeneous cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), including myofibroblastic CAFs (myCAFs) and senescent CAFs (sCAFs), play a crucial role during tumor progression. This study investigated the CAF subtypes induced by GC cells and the role of sCAFs in peritoneal metastasis of DGC cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Conditioned medium of human DGC cells (KATOIII, NUGC-4) and human intestinal-type GC (IGC) cells (MKN-7, N87) was used to induce CAFs. CAF subtypes were evaluated by analyzing the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), senescence-associated ß-galactosidase (SA-ß-gal), and p16 in human normal fibroblasts (GF, FEF-3). A cytokine array was used to explore the underlying mechanism of GC-induced CAF subtype development. The role of sCAFs in peritoneal metastasis of DGC cells was analyzed using a peritoneally metastatic DGC tumor model. The relationships between GC subtypes and CAF-related markers were evaluated using publicly available datasets. RESULTS: IGC cells significantly induced α-SMA+ myCAFs by secreting transforming growth factor-ß, whereas DGC cells induced SA-ß-gal+/p16+ sCAFs by secreting interleukin (IL)-8. sCAFs further secreted IL-8 to promote DGC cell migration. In vivo experiments demonstrated that co-inoculation of sCAFs significantly enhanced peritoneal metastasis of NUGC-4 cells, which was attenuated by administration of the IL-8 receptor antagonist navarixin. p16 and IL-8 expression was significantly associated with poor prognosis of DGC patients. CONCLUSION: sCAFs promote peritoneal metastasis of DGC via IL-8-mediated crosstalk.

Incidence of incisional hernia in patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy: an observational clinical study from a tertiary oncology referral care center in India.

BACKGROUND: An incisional hernia (IH) after major abdominal surgery is an unwanted complication particularly following cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS and HIPEC). The frequency of IH among patients treated with CRS and HIPEC remains unexpectedly high in various studies. This study aimed to analyze the incidence, determine the factors contributing to the occurrence of IH, and develop methods to reduce the incidence of IH. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed data from a prospectively maintained structured computerized comprehensive database of 360 patients who had undergone CRS and HIPEC after January 2013 and completed two years of follow-up before December 2023. All patients were followed for a minimum period of two years with physical examination and radiological imaging when required and the occurrence of IH was documented. We used SPSS software version 24 to analyze the data using appropriate statistical tests. We set a significance threshold of p < 0.05. RESULTS: Within two years of undergoing CRS and HIPEC, 25 patients (6.9%) out of 360 developed IH, indicating an annual incidence rate of 3.5%. The mean duration of hospitalization for the CRS/HIPEC procedure was 8.4 ± 4.13 days. Fifty-two (14.4%) patients experienced early post-operative surgical complications. The development of IH in our series was significantly associated with obesity (76% vs. 8.4%, P = 0.001), the occurrence of early post-operative surgical complications (48% vs. 12%, P = 0.001), mainly category III complications (44% vs. 7.1%), category IV complications (24% vs. 2.9%) according to Clavien-Dindo classification, post neoadjuvant chemotherapy status (72% vs. 87%, P = 0.045) and need for bowel anastomosis (32% vs. 11%, P = 0.002). CONCLUSION: The lower incidence of IH following CRS and HIPEC in our patient cohort than in the literature can be attributed to a combination of factors, including the use of meticulous surgical techniques and the use of an abdominal binder postoperatively, particularly in obese patients.

CILP2 is a potential biomarker for the prediction and therapeutic target of peritoneal metastases in colorectal cancer.

Peritoneal metastases (PM) in colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with a dismal prognosis. Identifying and exploiting new biomarkers, signatures, and molecular targets for personalised interventions in the treatment of PM in CRC is imperative. We conducted transcriptomic profiling using RNA-seq data generated from the primary tissues of 19 CRC patients with PM. Using our dataset established in a previous study, we identified 1422 differentially expressed genes compared to non-metastatic CRC. The profiling demonstrated no differential expression in liver and lung metastatic CRC. We selected 12 genes based on stringent criteria and evaluated their expression patterns in a validation cohort of 32 PM patients and 84 without PM using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. We selected cartilage intermediate layer protein 2 (CILP2) because of high mRNA expression in PM patients in our validation cohort and its association with a poor prognosis in The Cancer Genome Atlas. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis in our validation cohort demonstrated that CRC patients with high CILP2 expression had significantly poor survival outcomes. Knockdown of CILP2 significantly reduced the proliferation, colony-forming ability, invasiveness, and migratory capacity and downregulated the expression of molecules related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition in HCT116 cells. In an in vivo peritoneal dissemination mouse knockdown of CILP2 also inhibited CRC growth. Therefore, CILP2 is a promising biomarker for the prediction and treatment of PM in CRC.

Long-term survival outcomes following cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for peritoneal metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients.

BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma with peritoneal metastasis (HCC-PM) has a poor outlook. Traditional treatments have limited effect on survival. The safety and efficacy of cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS + HIPEC) have been shown in other peritoneal cancers. This study evaluates the role of CRS + HIPEC in HCC-PM. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of HCC-PM patients treated with CRS + HIPEC at Beijing Shijitan Hospital from March 2017 to December 2023 was conducted, assessing clinical features, severe adverse events (SAEs), and overall survival (OS) rates. RESULTS: The study population comprised 10 HCC-PM patients who underwent CRS + HIPEC. The median peritoneal cancer index (PCI) was 25, and complete cytoreduction (CC0 ~ 1) was achieved in half of the patients. Three patients experienced SAEs within 30 days postoperatively. The 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year OS rates were recorded as 89.0%, 89.0%, and 21.0% respectively, with a median OS1 of 107.8 months and OS2 of 49.9 months. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 5.0 months. CONCLUSION: The application of CRS + HIPEC offers significant benefits to patients with HCC-PM. A selected group of patients may achieve prolonged PFS. Incorporating CRS + HIPEC into the treatment paradigm can thus be considered a strategic therapeutic option for patients with HCC-PM.

Hydroxygenkwanin suppresses peritoneal metastasis in colorectal cancer by modulating tumor-associated macrophages polarization.

Peritoneal metastasis is an important cause of high mortality and poor prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Therefore, the development of compounds with unique anti-CRC Peritoneal metastasis activities is urgently needed to improve the survival of CRC patients. Hydroxygenkwanin (HGK),a natural flavonoid compound, have been shown to display anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, and immunoregulatory effects. Here, we employed CRC peritoneal metastasis mouse model with MC38 cells to examine the antitumor activity of HGK. The result showed that HGK not only inhibited peritoneal metastasis, but also significantly increased the proportion of M1-like macrophages while decreasing the proportion of M2-like macrophages within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Furthermore, we demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of HGK on peritoneal metastasis of CRC depended on macrophages in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we revealed that HGK promoted the polarization of TAMs into M1-like macrophages and inhibited their polarization into M2-like macrophages in a LPS- or IL-4-induced bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) model and co-culture system. Finally, we also investigated the regulatory mechanism of HGK on TAMs polarization that HGK may active p-STAT5, p-NF-κB signaling in M1-like macrophages and inhibit p-STAT6, JMJD3, PPARγ expression in M2-like macrophages. Taken together, our findings suggest that HGK is a natural candidate for effective prevention of peritoneal metastasis in colorectal cancer, which provides a potential strategy for clinical treatment of colorectal cancer.

Incidental finding of Psuedomyxoma Peritonei in Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumour.

Psuedomyxoma peritonei is an infrequent clinical entity characterised by intraperitoneal mucinous/gelatinous ascites produced by the cancerous cells. It has been associated with gastrointestinal, gynaecological, lung and breast tumours. It is commonly asymptomatic and is most often detected incidentally on abdominopelvic imaging or laparoscopy. Higher histological grade of the tumour shows increased metabolic activity on 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron-emission tomography (PET) computed tomography (CT). It has been rarely reported in patients with sarcoma. We hereby present an interesting case of incidentally diagnosed pseudomyxoma peritonei on 18FDG PET-CT scan of a patient with soft tissue sarcoma of peripheral nerve sheath.