Introducing new group leaders: Leanne Li.

Leanne Li tells us about the research in her recently established group at the Francis Crick Institute in London, her search for a multidisciplinary institute, and how her own varied background came together to study the emerging field of cancer neuroscience. She shares advice for applying, her experience of remote hiring, and how diversity, both academically and culturally, stimulates creativity.

Historical perspective on physical employment standards.

BACKGROUND: When one thinks of jobs with physical employment standards, the first thoughts typically center around firefighting, law enforcement, and military jobs. However, there are 100s of arduous jobs that exist in the public and private sectors that range from moderately demanding to strenuous. The Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that 28% of the workforce in the United States performs physically demanding jobs that involve construction, machinery installation and repair, public safety, and other professions. OBJECTIVE: This paper provides a historical perspective of physical employment standards for hiring workers into these arduous jobs, how we arrived at our current knowledge base, and the challenges faced today when determining and implementing physical employment standards. METHOD: This narrative review draws on evidence from 62 published sources. RESULTS: This paper focuses on the need for a multidisciplinary approach to identifying job requirements, the professions (e.g., medical, psychology, physiology) that underpin the methodologies, and the knowledge used by current researchers. Descriptions of test and cut score development, legal issues, and challenges for the future also are highlighted.

How Communities Attracted Physicians After World War II.

Since the end of World War II, the Council on Medical Service of the American Medical Association (AMA) has conducted a Physicians Placement Service to assist physicians seeking a practice location and communities seeking physicians. As part of this service, the AMA offered pamphlets that included articles and exhibits. This article features select images from one of those pamphlets.

"Everything Possible Is Being Done": Labour, Mobility, and the Organization of Health Services in Mid-20th Century Newfoundland.

This article is the Presidential Address to the 2018 meeting of the Canadian Society for the History of Medicine at the University of Regina. It examines the organization of the nursing service in Newfoundland during the 1950s and 1960s, as well as the recruitment and retention of nurses in cottage hospitals and nursing stations in outport communities. A number of interconnected strategies were used by the Newfoundland government to staff the nursing service, including recruiting internationally educated nurses, adjusting expectations with respect to registration standards, and using both trained and untrained workers to support nurses' labour. Although this article is intended more as a reconnaissance suggesting the possibilities of such research, it does analyze the interconnected issues of geography, funding and pay, the nursing shortage, and the renegotiation of nursing labour that characterized this period. Furthermore, although this is a case study of Newfoundland and Labrador, it is worth considering how, or whether, the linked strategies used in the province were transferable to other communities across rural, remote, or northern Canada.

Recrutamento e formação da primeira turma de oficiais enfermeiros do Corpo de Bombeiros Militar do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (1992-1993) / Recruitment and training of the first class of nursing officers from the Corpo de Bombeiros Militar do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (1992-1993)

INTRODUÇÃO: A primeira inserção da enfermagem militar no Corpo de Bombeiros do Estado do Rio de Janeiro se deu em 1986 para compor Grupamento de Socorro de Emergência. Somente seis anos depois, foi aberto edital para o ingresso de oficiais enfermeiros na corporação. Foram abertas oito vagas para Segundo Tenente Bombeiro Militar, sendo assim, o estudo tem como objeto o processo de recrutamento e formação da primeira turma de Oficiais Enfermeiros do Corpo de Bombeiros do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, em 1992-1993 (ano de publicação do edital - formatura). OBJETIVOS: descrever as circunstâncias que determinaram a criação do Quadro de Oficiais Enfermeiro; analisar o edital do processo de seleção dos candidatos ao posto de Oficiais Enfermeiros. MÉTODO: estudo histórico, do tipo documental que utilizou fontes históricas diretas: edital, diários oficiais, boletins da corporação e indiretas: livros, dissertações, teses e artigos sobre a temática. ASPECTOS ÉTICOS: resolução 510/16, aplicável à pesquisa em Ciências Humanas e Sociais. RESULTADOS: As oito vagas oferecidas foram disputadas por 523 enfermeiros de ambos os sexos, sendo aprovados 233 candidatos. Os candidatos classificados apresentaram notas maiores que 50 pontos, variando entre 72 o primeiro lugar e 62 o último candidato convocado. A seleção foi realizada dentro dos rigores exigidos pela corporação pois, além de domínio do conhecimento, boa saúde e condicionamento eram atributos fundamentais para o desempenho das atividades de bombeiro militar. CONCLUSÃO: a criação do GSE foi um fator determinante para criação de um quadro de enfermeiros em 1992. O pioneirismo da entrada de enfermeiros militares em Força Auxiliar do Estado do Rio de Janeiro representou a oportunidade de o enfermeiro atuar em cenário inédito, de modo a se fazer ver, se dar a conhecer e por conseguinte se fazer reconhecer no CBMERJ.

INTRODUCTION: The first insertion of military nursing in the Rio de Janeiro State Fire Department occurred in 1986 to compose the Emergency Relief Group. Only six years later, a notice was opened for the entry of nurse officers into the corporation. Eight vacancies were opened for Second Lieutenant Military Firefighter, so the study has as its object the process of recruitment and training of the first class of Nursing Officers of the Fire Department of the State of Rio de Janeiro, in 1992-1993 (year of publication of announcement - graduation). OBJECTIVES: to describe the circumstances that led to the creation of the Nurse Officers Board; analyze the announcement of the process of selection of candidates for the position of Nurse Officers. METHOD: historical study, the documentary type that used direct historical sources: public notice, official diaries, corporation bulletins and indirect: books, dissertations, theses and articles on the subject. ETHICAL ASPECTS: resolution 510/16, applicable to research in the Humanities and Social Sciences. RESULTS: The eight vacancies offered were disputed by 523 male and female nurses, and 233 candidates were approved. The classified candidates scored higher than 50 points, ranging from 72 first place to 62 last summoned candidate. The selection was carried out within the rigors required by the corporation because, in addition to knowledge, good health and conditioning were fundamental attributes for the performance of military firefighter activities. CONCLUSION: the creation of the GSE was a determining factor for the creation of a nursing staff in 1992. Pioneering the entry of military nurses into the Auxiliary Force of the State of Rio de Janeiro represented the opportunity for nurses to act in an unprecedented setting, in order to be able to act in a new setting. To be seen, to make itself known and therefore to be recognized in CBMERJ.

Solving the Supreme Problem: 100 years of selection and recruitment at the Journal of Applied Psychology.

This article reviews 100 years of research on recruitment and selection published in the Journal of Applied Psychology. Recruitment and selection research has been present in the Journal from the very first issue, where Hall (1917) suggested that the challenge of recruitment and selection was the Supreme Problem facing the field of applied psychology. As this article shows, the various topics related to recruitment and selection have ebbed and flowed over the years in response to business, legal, and societal changes, but this Supreme Problem has captivated the attention of scientist-practitioners for a century. Our review starts by identifying the practical challenges and macro forces that shaped the sciences of recruitment and selection and helped to define the research questions the field has addressed. We then describe the evolution of recruitment and selection research and the ways the resulting scientific advancements have contributed to staffing practices. We conclude with speculations on how recruitment and selection research may proceed in the future. Supplemental material posted online provides additional depth by including a summary of practice challenges and scientific advancements that affected the direction of selection and recruitment research and an outline of seminal articles published in the Journal and corresponding time line. The 100-year anniversary of the Journal of Applied Psychology is very much the celebration of recruitment and selection research, although predictions about the future suggest there is still much exciting work to be done. (PsycINFO Database Record

Commentary: the postdoctoral residency match in clinical neuropsychology.

Postdoctoral recruitment in clinical neuropsychology has evolved significantly over the past two decades. Prior to 1994, there were no organized recruitment guidelines for the specialty. From 1994 to 2001, the Association of Postdoctoral Programs in Clinical Neuropsychology (APPCN) facilitated a uniform notification date where member programs agreed to not make offers prior to a specified date. In 2001, APPCN partnered with National Matching Services to administer a computerized match recruitment system. Presently, not all programs participate in the match. This often results in students applying to 'match' and 'non-match' programs which can lead to significant stress on the part of applicants and program directors. This issue has recently become the focus of journal articles and public discussions. The goals of this paper were to review the history of postdoctoral recruitment in clinical neuropsychology, review the benefits of coordinated recruitment systems, review the structure and function of the computerized match, and explain why the computerized match for postdoctoral recruitment in clinical neuropsychology is beneficial for the specialty of clinical neuropsychology.

[Professional psychological selection system in the Air Force - 50 years].

Given the data about the establishment of the professional psychological selection system in the Air Force in 1958-1964 in the NIIIAM Air Force by the team psychological department under the leadership of K.K.Platonova. Given the names of the developers of this system and given the results of their research. The result of all made work the order of Air Force Commander about the introduction of the psychological selection in Higher Military Aviation School of Pilots, starting from a set of 1964 became. Recommendations for professional psychological selection of a wide range of aviation professionals in various fields, and in the future - and other professionals of the Armed Forces, became the results of future work.

The psychologist and the bombardier: the Army Air Forces' aircrew classification program in WWII.

During World War II, psychologists in the Army Air Forces were given an unprecedented opportunity to showcase their discipline by developing examinations to test the aptitude of aviation cadets as pilots, navigators, or bombardiers. These psychologists enjoyed success in classifying pilots and navigators, but became quickly frustrated by their results for bombardiers. The trouble lay not in their choice of tests but in their performance measures for bombardiering, a difficulty that came to be known as 'the problem of the criterion.' This episode in the history of military mental testing exemplifies the challenges faced by psychologists at the moment they were poised to gain the support of the armed services, and highlights how these new hazards shaped postwar military psychology.

The Study of Nursing Care project: back to the future for contemporary nursing research?

AIMS: To discuss the Study of Nursing Care project, an initiative from the late 1970s in the UK. The article explores the impact of the Study of Nursing Care on nursing research, and considers to what extent it presents a useful model for contemporary nursing research. BACKGROUND: It is acknowledged internationally that the nursing academic workforce is ageing and dwindling. Many possible solutions are being debated with all agreeing that the next generation of evidence based nurse leaders is urgently required. DATA SOURCES: In this article, the authors survey existing workforce schemes, describe the Study of Nursing Care series, published in the 1970s, and draw on interviews and correspondence conducted in 2009 with four of the original Study of Nursing Care research assistants. DISCUSSION: The Study of Nursing Care project poses a potential response to academic workforce issues. This article discusses the evolution of the project, its methods and operation and considers its possible implications for contemporary practice. Implications for nursing. The Study of Nursing Care model demonstrates the clear benefits of fully committed funding, a programmatic approach towards research development, and the importance of selecting the right kind of people for the work, in a national scheme. CONCLUSION: The authors argue that although the clinical outcomes it set out to achieve remain elusive, the project produced a cohort of nurse researchers who went on to give important leadership in nursing, including in nursing academia/research. A contemporary version of the Study of Nursing Care has important potential to generate the next generation of nurse researchers, and leaders, into the twenty-first century.

Dental school faculty and the academic environment from 1936 to 2011: familiar features in a new context.

From its first issue in 1936 until today, no subject has been more central to the work published in the Journal of Dental Education (JDE) and to dental education itself than the dental school faculty. William Gies's vision in 1926 of the professionalization of dental educators was key to the professionalization of dental education. His focus on the need to develop these teachers as both instructors and researchers established the model by which a "dental educator" became a distinct professional, different from a dentist who happens to teach. This article for the seventy-fifth anniversary issue of the JDE thus starts from the obvious but not always acknowledged point that faculty members are central to the entire enterprise of dental education and relate to change over time as both cause and effect. Whether the profession today is evolving to incorporate new science and curricular models or becoming more interprofessional or meeting the needs of diverse patient populations or adopting new educational methodologies and technologies, developments in these areas will have a direct impact on the way individual faculty members do their jobs. To give a taste of the rich variety published over the past seventy-five years, the first section touches briefly on three significant types of research regarding faculty as exemplified by articles published in the JDE. These three are faculty development, educational methodologies, and faculty recruitment and retention. The second section addresses an increasingly important area of research: faculty members' perceptions of the academic work environment. After considering some trends that will affect this environment over the next decade, the article concludes with additional reasons the JDE is a valuable resource for faculty members in dental schools and allied and advanced dental education programs.

Before operating room nursing journals: operating room nursing in the pages of the Canadian Nurse 1940-1960.

The Canadian Nurses Association (CNA) values learning from nursing history to provide a contextual perspective in understanding how past events have shaped current nursing practice. Until the publication of operating room nursing journals, Canada's national nursing journal, The Canadian Nurse, served as an educational and professional resource for those nurses working in the operating room and for nurses whose work was related to, or connected with, the operating room. A historical review of early issues of The Canadian Nurse (first published in 1905) reveals a substantial amount of content related to operating room nursing in the twenty year period, beginning in the 1940s, that predated the existence of OR specialty journals. The content was, for the time, both detailed and informative. It was through this journal that operating room nurses, indeed all Canadian nurses, learned about new advances, employment opportunities, educational programs, professional associations, and the achievements of those in the profession. Operating Room Nursing, as an isolated and quickly emerging specialty, was introduced to other nurses via items in The Canadian Nurse journal.

Imperial nursing: cross-cultural challenges for women in the health professions: a historical perspective.

This essay briefly examines some of the cross-cultural challenges that faced nurses in the Philippines, India, and South Africa in the context of 19th and 20th century imperialism. During this time, nurses from colonizing countries served as agents of empire by helping to establish and reinforce American and European control in colonized societies. In doing so, they sought to instill the racial and gender hierarchies of their home countries in the colonial territories. But once these women moved to the colonies, they frequently found their preconceptions about femininity, sexuality, and race challenged in unexpected ways. The history of nursing in the age of empire is a story of good intentions mixed with cultural chauvinism, of professional rigor mixed with condescension, of devotion and generosity shaped and often distorted by ideas of gendered and racial conventions, and of ambitious reform crushed by an inability to think beyond the bounds of imperialism.

Overseas recruitment: experiences of nurses immigrating to Newfoundland and Labrador, 1949-2004.

Overseas recruitment of nurses has been part of health-care in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada for over a century. The International Grenfell Association began recruiting overseas in 1893 for nursing stations in Labrador and from the 1920s to 1940s, overseas recruitment was used to provide nurses for rural areas of the province. Beginning in the 1950s, government and provincial hospitals used this strategy to resolve nursing shortages as did Memorial University to attract faculty for the new nursing degree programme that started in the 1960s. Today, overseas recruitment continues for nurse midwives. Overseas recruitment brought challenges for those who came, for local nurses and for the profession. Many nurses returned home but others opted to stay. Overseas recruitment and the contribution these nurses made to nursing and health-care in Newfoundland and Labrador are significant but undocumented parts of our history. We undertook an oral history project to document their experiences, explore the challenges of overseas recruitment and preserve this record of nursing history. Forty-one nurses who immigrated to Newfoundland and Labrador between 1949 and 2004 and practised in all regions and settings were interviewed. Analysis of the data identified themes related to the nurses' immigration experience and adaptation to the culture and health-care of Newfoundland and Labrador.