Antenatal influenza and pertussis vaccine uptake among Aboriginal mothers in Western Australia.

BACKGROUND: Antenatal influenza and pertussis vaccination prevent serious disease in mothers and infants. Aboriginal individuals are at increased risk of infection yet little is known about vaccine coverage among Aboriginal mothers. AIMS: To estimate the uptake of influenza and pertussis vaccination among pregnant Aboriginal women in Western Australia and identify barriers and enablers to vaccination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four hundred Aboriginal women, aged ≥18 years, who gave birth to a live infant between April and October 2015, were randomly selected and invited to participate in telephone interviews. Of the 387 women who did not decline, 178 had a functioning phone number and 100 completed the survey. Analyses were weighted by maternal residence. RESULTS: During pregnancy the majority of Aboriginal mothers were recommended influenza (66%; unweighted, 65/96 = 68%) and pertussis (65%; unweighted, 62/94 = 66%) vaccines, with 62% (unweighted, 56/94 = 56%) and 63% (unweighted, 60/93 = 65%) receiving the vaccinations, respectively. Almost all vaccinated women (98%) reported wanting to protect their baby as the reason for immunisation. Rural mothers were more likely than metropolitan mothers to have been vaccinated against influenza (odds ratio (OR) 4.1, 95% CI 1.7-10.2) and pertussis (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.2-7.6). Recommendation by a healthcare provider was strongly associated with vaccine uptake (influenza: OR 15.6, 95% CI 4.9-49.5; pertussis: OR 13.3, 95% CI 4.6-38.0). CONCLUSION: Vaccination uptake among Western Australian Aboriginal mothers is comparable with rates reported for non-Aboriginal populations worldwide. Provider recommendation is the single most important factor associated with vaccination uptake, underlining the importance of integrating vaccination into routine antenatal care.

Dispone vacunación obligatoria contra el coqueluche a población que indica en regiones Metropolitana, de Valparaíso, O'Higgins y del Bio-Bío / It has mandatory vaccination against Pertussis indicating a population in metropolitan regions of Valparaíso, O'Higgins and Bio-Bio

La detección de un aumento de casos de coqueluche en las regiones Metropolitana, de Valparaíso, O'Higgins y del Bio-Bío. La circunstancia de que la inmunidad de la vacunación recibida en los primeros años de vida disminuye progresivamente y se pierde a cabo de 8 a 10 años, quedando el individuo nuevamente susceptible a enfermar. Que los lactantes que no han sido vacunados aún, o no han completado la serie primaria de vacunas, tienen riesgo de enfermar de coqueluche al exponerse a adolescentes o adultos portadores, lo que les acarrea peligro de morir a causa de ello. Que la estrategia capullo, consistente en la vacunación contra el coqueluche de la madre y padre de los recién nacidos, así como de toda persona de 12 años o más, que habite en su casa (hermanos, familiares, otros), produce un efecto de barrera a la transmisión de esta enfermedad a lactantes menores.

Vaccine independence, local competences and globalisation: lessons from the history of pertussis vaccines.

In the context of global vaccine politics 'vaccine independence' has been defined as the assumption of financial responsibility for vaccine procurement. This paper suggests 'the possibility of vaccine choice' as an alternative meaning for the term. How far does local competence in vaccine development and production provide that possibility? Coupled to the national vaccination programme, such competence enabled the Netherlands to make use of a polio vaccine (Inactivated Polio Vaccine, or IPV) that it was felt best met national needs even though the rest of the world had switched to the alternative attenuated vaccine (generally known as Oral Polio Vaccine, or OPV); by the 1970s IPV was no longer commercially available. Over the past 20 years major changes in vaccine politics have occurred. Does the earlier conclusion regarding local competence still hold? The more recent example of pertussis (or whooping cough) vaccines, where again controversy surrounds the relative merits of alternative vaccines, permits the question to be posed anew. Results of our analysis from the Netherlands suggest, first, that the pressure to conform has become greater, and second, that the taken-for-granted globalism of today's vaccine system is in need of critical examination.

Update on the supply of tetanus and diphtheria toxoids and of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine.

During the last quarter of 2000, the U.S. Public Health Service learned of a shortage of tetanus and diphtheria toxoids (Td) and tetanus toxoid (TT) resulting from decreased production of these vaccines by the two U.S. manufacturers. Previously published recommendations outlined priorities for use of the limited supply of Td and TT. The shortage was expected to be resolved by early 2001; however, on January 10, 2001, Wyeth Lederle (Pearl River, New York) announced it had stopped production of tetanus toxoid-containing products. Although a small amount of Td is produced by the University of Massachusetts for local distribution, Aventis Pasteur (Swiftwater, Pennsylvania) is now the sole nationwide distributor of Td and TT. Aventis Pasteur is shipping limited quantities of vaccine to assure a wide distribution of available doses.

Pertussis in primary care practice. Recent advances in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

Pertussis continues to be an important vaccine-preventable disease. The recent multiple outbreaks of pertussis have heightened interest in its diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Diagnosis remains challenging, although new diagnostic tests, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of sera and polymerase chain reaction of nasopharyngeal aspirates, offer the possibility of more rapid diagnosis. Erythromycin remains the preferred antimicrobial to reduce secondary transmission of pertussis. The recent approval of acellular pertussis vaccine for the primary series of immunizations ushers in an exciting new era of pertussis prevention.

Effect of (2, 6-0-Dimethyl) Beta-Cyclodextrin (heptakis) on cell mass, pertussis toxin and filamentous hemagglutinin production in three bordetella pertussis vaccinal strains

Estudou-se a produçäo de toxina pertussis (PT) e hemaglutininas filamentosas (FHA) para vacinas do vírus Bortella pertussis em cultura supernadante e em supernadante de células lavadas com soluçöes iônicas. O vírus cresceu em meio Stainer-Scholte (SS) e na modificaçäo chamou-se CL-basal (CL-b) e desse meio com heptakis (2,6-0-Dimethyl Beta-Cyclodextrin (MeBCD). FHA e PT foram estimados pelo total de hemaglutinaçäo, hemaglutinaçäo diferencial (com colesterol) e imunoensaio dot-blot. O meio CL-b decresce a produçäo de massa celular e também decresceria a estabilidade e liberaçäo de hemaglutininas. A adiçäo of MeBCD para SS ou meio CL-b estimularia a produçäo, exportaçäo e estabilidade de PT e FHA. Esses efeitos säo maiores para meio CL-b e mais importante para FHA. Esses efeitos säo maiores par meio CL-b e mais importante para FHA que para PT. Obteve-se resultados similares com a adiçäo de 0,5 ou 1g/l de MeBCD para CL-b. Cultura supernadante contém FHA e PT mas supernadantes de células em soluçäo única contém basicamente FHA e seeria usada para prover esse campo