Accelerated Wound Healing with a Diminutive Scar through Cocrystal Engineered Curcumin.

Pharmaceutical cocrystals ( Regulatory Classification of Pharmaceutical Co-Crystals Guidance for Industry; Food and Drug Administration, 2018) are crystalline solids produced through supramolecular chemistry to modulate the physicochemical properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Despite their extensive development in interdisciplinary sciences, this is a pioneering study on the efficacy of pharmaceutical cocrystals in wound healing and scar reducing. Curcumin-pyrogallol cocrystal (CUR-PYR) was accordingly cherry-picked since its superior physicochemical properties adequately compensate for limitative drawbacks of curcumin (CUR). CUR-PYR has been synthesized by a liquid-assisted grinding (LAG) method and characterized via FT-IR, DSC, and PXRD analyses. In vitro antibacterial study indicated that CUR-PYR cocrystal, CUR+PYR physical mixture (PM), and PYR are more effective against both Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) bacteria in comparison with CUR. In vitro results also demonstrated that the viability of HDF and NIH-3T3 cells treated with CUR-PYR were improved more than those received CUR which is attributed to the effect of PYR in the form of cocrystal. The wound healing process has been monitored through a 15 day in vivo experiment on 75 male rats stratified into six groups: five groups treated by CUR-PYR+Vaseline (CUR-PYR.ung), CUR+PYR+Vaseline (CUR+PYR.ung), CUR+Vaseline (CUR.ung), PYR+Vaseline (PYR.ung), and Vaseline (VAS) ointments and a negative control group of 0.9% sodium chloride solution (NS). It was revealed that the wounds under CUR-PYR.ung treatment closed by day 12 postsurgery, while the wounds in other groups failed to reach the complete closure end point until the end of the experiment. Surprisingly, a diminutive scar (3.89 ± 0.97% of initial wound size) was observed in the CUR-PYR.ung treated wounds by day 15 after injury, followed by corresponding values for PYR.ung (12.08 ± 2.75%), CUR+PYR.ung (13.89 ± 5.02%), CUR.ung (16.24 ± 6.39%), VAS (18.97 ± 6.89%), and NS (20.33 ± 5.77%). Besides, investigating histopathological parameters including inflammation, granulation tissue, re-epithelialization, and collagen deposition signified outstandingly higher ability of CUR-PYR cocrystal in wound healing than either of its two constituents separately or their simple PM. It was concluded that desired solubility of the prepared cocrystal was essentially responsible for accelerating wound closure and promoting tissue regeneration which yielded minimal scarring. This prototype research suggests a promising application of pharmaceutical cocrystals for the purpose of wound healing.

Protective effects of gallocatechin gallate against ultraviolet B induced skin damages in hairless mice.

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has the effect to protect skin from ultraviolet B (UVB) induced damages, but it is unstable under ambient conditions, being susceptible to become brown in color. Gallocatechin gallate (GCG), an epimer counterpart of EGCG, is more stable chemically than EGCG. The potential effects of GCG against UVB-induced skin damages has not been available. The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effects of GCG against UVB-induced skin photodamages. GCG was topically applied on the skin of hairless mice at three dosage levels (LL, 12.5 mg/mL; ML 25 mg/mL; HL, 50 mg/mL), with EGCG and a commercially available baby sunscreen lotion SPF50 PA+++ as control. The mice were then irradiated by UVB (fluence rate 1.7 µmol/m2 s) for 45 min. The treatments were carried out once a day for 6 consecutive days. Skin measurements and histological studies were performed at the end of experiment. The results show that GCG treatments at ML and HL levels inhibited the increase in levels of skin oil and pigmentation induced by UVB irradiation, and improved the skin elasticity and collagen fibers. GCG at ML and HL levels inhibited the formation of melanosomes and aberrations in mitochondria of UVB-irradiated skin in hairless mice. It is concluded that GCG protected skin from UVB-induced photodamages by improving skin elasticity and collagen fibers, and inhibiting aberrations in mitochondria and formation of melanosomes.

A Method for Measuring the Surface Free Energy of Topical Semi-solid Dosage Forms.

Our aim was to determine the surface free energy (SFE) of semi-solid dosage forms (SSDFs) by establishing a reproducible method for measuring the contact angle of liquids to SSDFs. Four SSDFs were used: petrolatum, an oil/water (O/W) and a water/oil (W/O) cream, and an alcohol-based gel. The SSDFs were evenly spread on a glass slide, and the change in contact angle over time was measured by dropping water, glycerol, diiodomethane and n-hexadecane as the test liquids. Depending on the combination of test liquid and SSDF, the contact angle was either constant or decreased in an exponential manner. Contact angles may have decreased in an exponential manner because the reaction between the test liquid and the SSDF altered the interfacial tension between the two phases and changed the surface tension of the test liquid and the SFE of the SSDF. The contact angle of the test liquid to the SSDF could be determined reproducibly using the initial contact angle immediately after dropping the liquid on the SSDF as the contact angle before reaction. Using the obtained contact angles and the Owens-Wendt-Rabel-Kaelble equation, we calculated the SFE and its component for the SSDFs tested and found that the results reflect the physicochemical properties of SSDFs. Furthermore, the work of adhesion (WA) of the SSDF to Yucatan micropig skin was calculated using the SFE for the SSDFs. Interestingly, the WA values for all SSDFs tested were comparable.

Patients use more topical medication when the medications come in a larger container.

INTRODUCTION: Research shows that individuals consume more calories when provided with a larger portion size. It is unclear if similar behavior translates to topical medication use. The impact of container size and provider instructions on patient usage of topical medications has yet to be assessed. METHODS: Data was collected from 128 participants in an IRB randomized, controlled trial. To a marked 3cmx8cm rectangle on the forearm, patients applied petroleum jelly from either a large container or a small tube. Pre and post application container weights were measured. RESULTS: Patients applied more topical medication from the large container compared to the small tube. CONCLUSION: Topical medication usage is influenced by the size of the container provided. It is beneficial to consider container size when prescribing topical medications and greater application is desired.

Association of Bolster Duration With Uptake Rates of Fibula Donor Site Skin Grafts.

Importance: The fibula free flap donor site is associated with both short-term and long-term morbidity. Split-thickness skin graft (STSG) loss can lead to long delays in donor site healing and is associated with significant adverse sequelae. Patients may experience initial good STSG uptake after bolster removal but may have subsequent partial or total loss related to contact pressure or shearing. Objective: To determine if increased duration of bolster use is associated with increased STSG uptake rates following fibula free flap reconstruction. Design, Setting, and Participants: This retrospective cohort study included patients 18 years and older undergoing fibula free flap reconstruction following head and neck extirpative surgery at a tertiary care academic medical center from May 2013 to March 2019. The donor sites were photographed 4 weeks postoperatively, and areas of graft uptake were measured using image processing software. The baseline demographic, comorbidity, and operative characteristics were also collected. Interventions: A fine mesh gauze with 3% bismuth tribromophenate and petrolatum blend bolster was sutured over leg STSGs placed on fibula free flap donor sites intraoperatively, and the ankle and lower leg were immobilized for 5 days in a plaster splint. Bolsters were either removed on postoperative day 5 or 14. Thereafter, the STSGs were covered with a petroleum and bismuth gauze and a cotton dressing. Main Outcomes and Measures: Rates of donor site infection and STSG percentage uptake at 4 weeks. Results: Of the 42 included patients, 31 (74%) were male, and the mean (SD) age was 62.1 (13.1) years. A total of 20 patients were included in the 5-day group, and 22 were included in the 14-day group. The 14-day bolster group had a higher mean percentage skin graft uptake rate compared with the 5-day bolster duration group (77.5% vs 59.9%), with an effect size of -0.632 (95% CI, -1.260 to -0.004). Patients with Adult Comorbidity Evalution-27 scores of 3 had poorer rates of STSG uptake compared with patients with Adult Comorbidity Evalution-27 scores of 0 to 2 (65.9% vs 82.9%), with an effect size of 0.599 (95% CI, -0.191 to 1.389). No donor site infections were noted in either group. Conclusions and Relevance: Fourteen-day bolster application to the fibula free flap donor site was associated with better STSG uptake rates than 5-day bolster application.

Circumferential penile defect reconstruction with pull-up double-opposing keystone-designed perforator island flaps: A case report.

RATIONALE: The challenges with reconstruction of penile defects are plenty. In addition, no single and universally accepted reconstructive method exists for penile defect repair. Herein, we present the application of a circumferential penile shaft defect reconstruction using pull-up double-opposing keystone-designed perforator island flaps (KDPIFs) in one patient. This is the first case report of a circumferential penile shaft defect reconstruction using KDPIFs. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 43-year-old man who injected petroleum jelly into his penis 10 years ago presented with multiple firm nodular mass-like lesions adherent to the overlying skin along the penile shaft. Our urologic surgeon removed the foreign bodies and performed a primary closure with undermining. However, wound dehiscence developed, and skin necrosis was exacerbated 5 days postoperatively. DIAGNOSES: We performed debridement, and the final post-debridement defect was circumferential (5.5 × 12 cm) from the base of the glans to the midpoint of the penile shaft. INTERVENTIONS: We covered the defect using pull-up double-opposing KDPIFs (10 × 13 cm each) based on the hot spots of the superficial external pudendal artery perforators on each side from the suprapubic area to the scrotum. OUTCOMES: The flaps survived perfectly, with no postoperative complications. The patient was satisfied with the final outcome and had no erectile dysfunction or shortening of penile length after a 6-month follow-up. LESSONS: We successfully reconstructed a circumferential penile defect with pull-up double-opposing KDPIFs both esthetically and functionally. Our technique can be a good alternative modality for extensive penile defect reconstruction.

Use of autologous platelet-rich plasma in healing skin graft donor sites.

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate that the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) enhances both the quality of healing and the time required for wound healing at a skin graft donor site. METHODS: Patients who had dermo-epidermal skin grafts taken from the thigh area were included in a prospective, randomised clinical study. PRP was applied to one donor site and then covered with Vaseline-impregnated, open-weave gauze and gauze, while the contralateral donor site on the other thigh served as a control and was covered with the open-weave gauze and gauze without PRP. RESULTS: A total of 24 patients took part in the study, of which three developed infections and were thus removed from the study. Use of PRP reduced the wound healing time of the dermo-epidermal graft donor sites by a mean 17.8% and median 18 days. On average, the treated donor sites healed in 14.9 days compared with 18.4 days for the control group. The median was 14 days compared with 18 days in the control group (p=0.026). In one patient, healing was slower on the side where PRP was applied. In 20 patients, healing of the donor site was accelerated where PRP was applied. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated a beneficial effect of PRP, as healing time was shortened. Using PRP to heal wounds could be beneficial for patients for whom commonly available wound healing therapies have failed, as well as for high-risk patient groups for whom problematic wound healing may be expected.

Development of a Chitosan-Vaseline Gauze Dressing with Wound-Healing Properties in Murine Models.

Wound dressings are always needed after skin injury; however, most of the dressings still leave room for improvement. Here, we would like to develop an effective dressing with the ability to improve wound healing. A chitosan-Vaseline gauze (CVG) dressing was developed by coating the chitosan mixture and Vaseline on sterile gauze with subsequent drying. Infrared spectroscopy and electron microscopy were used to investigate the miscibility and structure of the dressing. The cytotoxicity and antibacterial nature were evaluated in vitro. The studies of water retention rate, wound healing, and tissue compatibility were carried out over a period of 14 days on full-thickness skin wounds of male Sprague-Dawley rats. It was observed that the CVG dressing demonstrated functional structure by miscibility, non-cytotoxicity, and good antibacterial effects against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The water retention rate incresased up to 25% after applying CVG for 3 hours. Besides, CVG treatment increased angiogenesis and improved microvascular density in wounds. The wounds treated with CVG showed size deduction with new collagen aggregations similar to those in the normal dermis. All the aforementioned results suggest that CVG dressing could be a promising candidate for wound treatment.

Effect of Topical Garlic on Wound Healing and Scarring: A Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND: Historically, garlic containing compounds have been used on wounds to improve healing and ward off infection. Researchers have tested many of these ancient ointments, discovering that garlic is a common ingredient in those that are effective. OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of topical garlic on surgical wounds compared with Vaseline by analysis of visual analog scales and digital photograph analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventeen patients with 2 skin excisions applied a 30% garlic ointment to one surgical wound and Vaseline to the other surgical wound twice daily. They were followed up at 2 weeks and 4 weeks post-op. Digital photographs were taken of the sites, and wound visual analog scales were filled out by the patient and the physician. RESULTS: Patients and the onsite physician stated the garlic site healed better in 59% and 65% of the wounds, respectively, at 2 weeks. At 4 weeks, the patients and the onsite physician stated the garlic site healed better in 76% and 88% of wounds, respectively. Digital photograph analysis revealed less erythema at the garlic sites (p-value = .02). CONCLUSION: Surgical wounds treated with 30% garlic ointment healed with more cosmetically appealing scars than the Vaseline-treated sites.

The Low Prevalence of Allergic Contact Dermatitis Using a Petrolatum Ointment Containing Lanolin Alcohol

Lanolin alcohol is a high cholesterol containing naturally derived material used as a skin protectant in wound healing petrolatum-based ointments. It is a highly purified fraction of lanolin wool wax that has been identified as a possible cause of allergic contact dermatitis. This 3-center study enrolled 499 subjects who underwent a variety of in-office surgical procedures followed by application of a wound healing ointment containing lanolin alcohol without antibiotics. No allergic contact dermatitis was identified in the 499 subjects who completed the study. The lack of allergic contact dermatitis observed may be due to the proprietary highly purified lanolin alcohol utilized in the study formulation. This is not the lanolin alcohol preparation found on the standard dermatology patch test tray. Not all lanolin alcohols are equal. This is an important consideration when examining the reported incidence of allergic contact dermatitis to lanolin alcohol and the absence of allergic contact dermatitis demonstrated in this research. J Drugs Dermatol. 2019;18(10):1002-1004.

Comparison of a novel wound dressing vs current clinical practice after laser resurfacing.

BACKGROUND: There are many postprocedure skin care options, but no consensus on the best formulation to optimize healing. Silicone gels have only been used to treat keloids and hypertrophic scars and typically applied after the wound has healed. This study compared the healing response after fractional ablative erbium laser resurfacing with a petrolatum-based ointment and a silicone gel. METHODS: A randomized, open-label, split-face study was performed. Ten subjects underwent Erbium:YAG (Sciton) fractional laser resurfacing. Patients were randomized to apply a petrolatum-based gel or a silicone gel (Stratacel® ; Stratpharma) on either the right or left side of the face. Subjects applied the products twice a day for 7 days and were evaluated in person 7, 30, and 60 days postprocedure. Subjects reported on the overall general aesthetic outcome, perceived pain, itch, and tightness via questionnaires using the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale and the Wrinkle Severity Rating Scale (WSRS). RESULTS: All subjects healed without complications. By day 60, there was no difference in signs and symptoms of healing between the two different dressing approaches. However, patients treated with the silicone gel had less post-treatment erythema and hyperpigmentation. CONCLUSIONS: A novel silicone gel resulted in reduced signs of erythema and hyperpigmentation postprocedure, without an increase in adverse events. Additionally, the silicone gel dries to form a thin, full contact film and can be covered with sunscreen or cosmetics once dry. This new silicone gel presents a good option for postprocedure care after ablative fractional laser resurfacing.

[Injected non-absorbable fillers in large volumes]. / In''ektsionnye nerassasyvaemye fillery miagkikh tkanei v bol'shikh ob''emakh.

AIM: To present treatment strategy for large volumes of injectable non-absorbable 'shell-less' soft tissue fillers (vaseline, synthol, silicone etc.). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The authors present an experience of surgical treatment of 8 patients who underwent injections of medical vaseline (breast augmentation, n=5) and synthol (muscles enlargement, n=3) and review of the current literature devoted to this problem. RESULTS: Injection of large amounts (over 50 ml) of non-absorbable fillers into soft tissues is unacceptable and leads to numerous complications. Oil-based 'shell-less' fillers cannot be removed by minimally invasive techniques (puncture, mini-incisions, etc.) due to multiple diffuse lesions in the form of oleogranulomas (cysts of different size) and surrounding widespread inflammation and fibrosis of tissues. Surgery is the only adequate method. However, this approach is followed by scars and often tissue contour deformation. Migration of these fillers to other anatomical areas (from the neck to the lower extremities) significantly complicates the situation, treatment and results. In case of categorical refusal of patients from surgical treatment and no complaints, they should be properly informed about possible consequences and complications and dynamic medical supervision is necessary. Intraoperative ultrasound examination is useful for the control of radical removal of pathological areas. Timely removal of non-absorbable fillers allows to avoid serious complications and to achieve good aesthetic results.

Randomized, single-blinded, crossover study of a novel wound dressing vs current clinical practice after percutaneous collagen induction therapy.

INTRODUCTION: Skin rejuvenation procedures have become common with sophisticated technologies with reduced downtime and related risks. Recently, microneedling has been paired with radiofrequency to create Fractional Radiofrequency Microneedling (FRFM) to induce neocollagenesis. Frequently, topical products are applied immediately after the needling. This procedure is known as percutaneous collagen induction therapy (PCIT). Postoperative topical wound care is critical for prompt rapid and safe healing, with moist wound healing deemed of primary importance for fast and correct scarring process. An ideal dressing enables a moist environment while reducing postprocedural inflammatory responses in the first stages of wound healing. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether an innovative silicone-based wound dressing is superior than standard of care therapy in decreasing severity and duration of treatment-site acute inflammatory reactions post PCIT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Endymed PRO Intensif Handpiece (Endymed, Israel) was used for the full-face FRFM procedure. Subjects (n = 20) applied treatment (Stratacel® -Stratpharma SG, Switzerland) and control (Aquaphor® -Beiersdorf Inc, USA) immediately after the procedure and daily; they were evaluated immediately postprocedure (baseline assessment), at 2, 3 and 7 days postprocedure. Digital and 3D pictures (Antera 3D Camera for Skin Analysis-Miravex, Ireland) were taken at each assessment. RESULTS: All patients healed properly without reporting adverse reactions to any of the studied products. Erythema at each study visit was significantly reduced with the use of the novel wound dressing (P < 0.001). A statistically significant difference in favor of the innovative wound dressing also emerged with respect to the patient-rated product properties (P = 0.008), such as feel on skin, drying time and stickiness. CONCLUSIONS: The novel wound dressing reduced signs of acute inflammation following PCIT when compared to standard of care, without reporting adverse events and resulting in a more favorable outcome from a patient perspective.

Impregnated acetate gauze compared with lipido-colloid contact layer at dressing removal pain: a single-blind cross-over randomised control trial.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of Jelonet Plus (JP) and UrgoTul (UT), assessing pain at dressing removal when managing acute or chronic wounds at granulation and epithelialisation stages. METHODS: This was a randomised, multicentre, controlled single-blinded study using a cross-over design. Hospitalised and ambulatory patients presenting with non-infected acute or chronic wounds (at least 40% of wound area of ≤100cm2 covered with granulation tissue) were randomly allocated to be treated with either JP or UT dressings applied according to a standardised local care procedure for two days. At the following visit, patients received the other dressing for a second 2-day period. Pain was evaluated after two days of dressing application and immediately after its removal using a 100mm Visual Analog Scale (VAS). A pain level >30mm was considered as clinically relevant. A lower limit of -12% was determined as the threshold necessary to demonstrate the non-inferiority of JP compared to UT. RESULTS: For the 99 patients completing the study, a difference of 7.9% was observed in favour of JP (83.8% JP versus 75.9% UT) for pain immediately after dressing removal (VAS score < 30mm) with a confidence interval (CI) lower limit of -2.6%, demonstrating non-inferiority (pre-defined limit of -12%). Concerning pain at dressing removal, a difference of 19.6% was observed in favour of JP (81.6% versus 62.0%; p=0.029 for superiority analysis), with a CI lower limit ranging from 2.4% to 38.9%. Therefore, superiority could be concluded. A statistically significant period effect was detected (p=0.003) with fewer patients experiencing pain after the second period day 2 (D2) to day 4 (D4) than the first day 0 (D0) to D2. A statistically significant cross-over effect was also detected (p=0.047), with fewer patients experiencing pain when JP was applied first followed by UT. This suggests a carry-over effect thus preventing a full cross-over design analysis. Adherence of the dressing was less frequent with the JP than the UT dressing (2.0% JP versus 6.9% with UT). CONCLUSION: Non-inferiority of pain at dressing removal was demonstrated with JP. Superiority on this criteria was non-significant but we found adherence of the dressing to the wound bed to be more rare.

Rare cutaneous myiasis of the face due to Lund's fly (Cordylobia rodhaini) in a British traveller returning from Uganda.

We present a rare cause for cutaneous furuncular myiasis in a 55-year-old British traveller returning from Uganda. Initially presenting with what appeared to be a cellulitic furuncle on her forehead, she returned to the emergency department 3 days later with extensive preseptal periorbital swelling and pain. Occlusive treatment with petroleum jelly was applied and one larva manually extracted and sent to London School of Tropical Medicine for examination. It was identified as Lund's Fly (Cordylobia rodhaini), a rare species from the rainforests of Africa with only one other case reported in the UK since 2015. Ultrasound imaging identified another larva, necessitating surgical exploration and cleaning. The lesion subsequently healed completely and the patient remains well.