Scopus and Scimago Publish Flawed Assessments of the JOSPT's Impact.

Elseviers Scopus and Scimago Journal & Country Rank (SJR) are reporting inaccurate publication and citation metrics for the Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy (JOSPT), particularly for the years 2018 and 2019. Despite repeated requests, Elsevier has failed to correct or explain this error to those who use these services, which misrepresents the JOSPT as having a lower impact in the field of musculoskeletal research and rehabilitation. For an accurate representation of the impact of the JOSPT in these fields, authors and readers should rely on the current Web of Science Journal Citation Reports (JCR) and Journal Impact Factor (JIF), which report the Journals current impact factor to be 3.839 and its 5-year impact factor to be 4.053. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2020;50(12):652. doi:10.2519/jospt.2020.50.12.652.

Contemporary Practice as a Board-Certified Pediatric Clinical Specialist: A Practice Analysis.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the 2019 practice analysis was to identify the elements of contemporary practice as a board-certified pediatric clinical specialist. METHODS: Consistent with the processes of the American Board of Physical Therapy Specialties (ABPTS), a subject matter expert panel used consensus-based processes to develop a survey to gather information concerning the knowledge areas, professional roles and responsibilities, practice expectations, and practice demographics of board-certified pediatric clinical specialists. The web-based survey was divided into 3 parts and administered to 3 separate groups of board-certified pediatric clinical specialists. RESULTS: Survey responses from 323 clinical specialists provided data to support confirmation and revision of the Description of Specialty Practice (DSP) for pediatrics. CONCLUSIONS: The revised DSP will provide contemporary practice information to inform the ABPTS specialist examination blueprint and the curricula of credentialed residency programs in pediatric physical therapy.

A systematic review and evidence synthesis of non-medical triage, self-referral and direct access services for patients with musculoskeletal pain.

INTRODUCTION: The demand for musculoskeletal (MSK) care is rising, and is a growing challenge for general practice. Direct access to physiotherapy and other healthcare services may offer appropriate care for MSK pain patients but there is uncertainty regarding the effectiveness or efficiency of this approach in practice. This study aimed to review the evidence regarding characteristics, outcomes, barriers and facilitators of MSK triage and direct access services. METHODS: A comprehensive search of eight databases (including MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane library) up to February 2018 was conducted to identify studies (trials, cohorts and qualitative evidence) on direct access services for MSK in primary care settings. Using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, titles, abstracts, and subsequent full texts were independently screened by reviewers. Methodological quality of eligible studies was assessed using the mixed methods appraisal tool, and extracted data regarding study characteristics and results were independently reviewed. A narrative synthesis and grading of evidence was undertaken. Approaches to MSK triage and direct access were profiled along with their respective outcomes of care relating to patient-oriented and socioeconomic outcomes. Barriers and facilitators of each model of direct access services were also highlighted. RESULTS: 9010 unique citations were screened, of which 26 studies were eligible. Three approaches (open access, combination and service pathway models) to MSK triage and direct access shared similar goals but were heterogeneous in application. MSK patients using direct access showed largely similar characteristics (age, sex and duration of symptoms) compared to GP-led care, although they were often younger, slightly more educated and with better socio-economic status than patients seen through GP-led care. Although many studies showed limitations in design or methods, outcomes of care (patient oriented outcomes of pain, and disability) did not show large differences between direct access and GP-led care. In most studies direct access patients were reported to have lower healthcare utilisation (fewer physiotherapy or GP consultations, analgesics or muscle relaxants prescriptions, or imaging procedures) and less time off work compared to GP-led care. DISCUSSION: This study provides insight into the current state of evidence regarding MSK triage and direct access services and highlights potential implications for future research, healthcare services planning, resource utilisation and organising care for MSK patients in primary care. There is consistent, although limited, evidence to suggest that MSK triage and direct access services lead to comparable clinical outcomes with lower healthcare consumption, and can help to manage GP workload. However, due to the paucity of strong empirical data from methodologically robust studies, a scale up and widespread roll out of direct access services cannot as yet be assumed to result in long term health and socio-economic gains. PROSPERO-ID: CRD42018085978.

Mapas de la ciencia en fisioterapia / Maps of science in physical therapy

No disponible

Management of first metatarsophalangeal joint osteoarthritis by physical therapists and podiatrists in Australia and the United Kingdom: a cross-sectional survey of current clinical practice.

BACKGROUND: First metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint osteoarthritis (OA) is a common and painful problem that causes significant disability. There is limited research on assessment and treatment options, and the efficacy of current management strategies is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine how podiatrists and physical therapists in Australia and the United Kingdom (UK) manage people with first MTP joint OA. METHODS: A survey of podiatrists and physiotherapists was conducted. Potential respondents were recruited through professional representative organisations in Australia and the UK. Participants completed a bespoke online survey regarding the assessment and treatment approaches they most commonly use for patients with first MTP joint OA. Descriptive statistics were calculated and differences between professions compared using chi-square. RESULTS: Two hundred respondents (n = 113 (57%) podiatrists and n = 140 (70%) from Australia) completed the survey. Assessment tests were similar between professions and included x-ray (n = 151/164; 92%), range of motion (n = 127/141; 90%), and a pain scale (n = 78/99; 79%). Podiatrists were more likely than physical therapists to discuss over-the-counter medication (42% vs 17%; p < 0.001), prescribe orthoses (97% vs 66%; p < 0.001), particularly custom orthoses (78% vs 42%; p < 0.001), and provide advice on footwear (92% vs 78%; p < 0.01) when treating first MTP joint OA. In contrast, physical therapists used more exercise-based approaches to treatment, including exercise therapy (91% vs 34%; p < 0.001), increasing general activity (70% vs 49%; p < 0.01), and advice to pace activities (83% vs 48%; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Podiatrists and physical therapists use an array of assessment and treatment approaches for people with first MTP joint OA, albeit there is limited evidence to support their clinical utility. Treatment strategies differ between professions, particularly with respect to medication, orthoses and exercise. It is unclear whether these commonly-used strategies improve symptoms associated with first MTP joint OA.

Using routine referral data for patients with knee and hip pain to improve access to specialist care.

BACKGROUND: Referral letters from primary care contain a large amount of information that could be used to improve the appropriateness of the referral pathway for individuals seeking specialist opinion for knee or hip pain. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the content of the referral letters to identify information that can independently predict an optimal care pathway. METHODS: Using a prospective longitudinal design, a convenience sample of patients with hip or knee pain were recruited from orthopaedic, specialist general practice and advanced physiotherapy practitioner clinics. Individuals completed a Knee or hip Osteoarthritis Outcome Score at initial consultation and after 6 months. Participant demographics, body mass index, medication and co-morbidity data were extracted from the referral letters. Free text of the referral letters was mapped automatically onto the Unified Medical Language System to identify relevant clinical variables. Treatment outcomes were extracted from the consultation letters. Each outcome was classified as being an optimal or sub-optimal pathway, where an optimal pathway was defined as the one that results in the right treatment at the right time. Logistic regression was used to identify variables that were independently associated with an optimal pathway. RESULTS: A total of 643 participants were recruited, 419 (66.7%) were classified as having an optimal pathway. Variables independently associated with having an optimal care pathway were lower body mass index (OR 1.0, 95% CI 0.9 to 1.0 p = 0.004), named disease or syndromes (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.8, p = 0.02) and taking pharmacologic substances (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.0 to 3.3, p = 0.02). Having a single diagnostic procedure was associated with a suboptimal pathway (OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3 to 0.9 p < 0.001). Neither Knee nor Hip Osteoarthritis Outcome scores were associated with an optimal pathway. Body mass index was found to be a good predictor of patient rated function (coefficient - 0.8, 95% CI -1.1, - 0.4 p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Over 30% of patients followed sub-optimal care pathway, which represents potential inefficiency and wasted healthcare resource. A core data set including body mass index should be considered as this was a predictor of optimal care and patient rated pain and function.

A saúde do idoso na graduação em fisioterapia no Brasil: um estudo transversal / La salud del anciano en el grado en fisioterapia en Brasil: un estudio transversal / The health of older people in the physical therapy undergraduate program in Brazil: a cross-sectional study

RESUMO O envelhecimento populacional vem ocorrendo rapidamente em todo o mundo, levando à necessidade de capacitação dos profissionais de saúde envolvidos no cuidado ao idoso, dentre eles o fisioterapeuta. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o perfil dos cursos de fisioterapia de instituições do ensino superior (IES) do Brasil quanto ao ensino direcionado à saúde do idoso. Trata-se de um estudo observacional e transversal. Foi realizado um levantamento de informações sobre os cursos de fisioterapia do Brasil através de análise da grade curricular, projetos pedagógicos e formulário específico. Foram analisadas 525 IES, das quais 91,3% oferecem uma disciplina que aborda a saúde do idoso, sendo 98,4% de caráter obrigatório e 91,3% do tipo teórico-prático. Nas práticas, 25,6% são em campo de estágio, sendo 81,9% realizadas com idosos voluntários e 54,9% direcionadas a todos os níveis de atenção. Ao analisar a distribuição da disciplina por região, observou-se que esta está mais presente na região Sudeste (40,2%) (p=0,03). As IES do Brasil abordam, em sua maioria, a saúde do idoso na grade curricular do curso de fisioterapia. No entanto, a distribuição dessa disciplina no país é desigual, podendo trazer divergências na conduta terapêutica e representar prejuízos na qualidade da assistência ao idoso.

RESUMEN El envejecimiento de la población ha estado ocurriendo rápidamente en el mundo, lo que resulta necesaria la capacitación de los profesionales de la salud involucrados en el cuidado del anciano, incluido el fisioterapeuta. El presente estudio tuvo el objetivo de describir el perfil de los cursos de fisioterapia en las instituciones de educación superior (IES) en Brasil con respecto a la enseñanza sobre la salud del anciano. Es un estudio observacional y transversal. Se realizó una recopilación de informaciones sobre los cursos de fisioterapia en Brasil mediante el análisis del plan de estudios, los proyectos pedagógicos y un formulario específico. Se analizaron 525 IES, de las cuales el 91,3% ofertan una materia que aborda la salud del anciano, de esta, el 98,4% son obligatorias y el 91,3% del tipo teórico-prácticas. En las del tipo prácticas, el 25,6% están en el ámbito de pasantías, siendo que el 81,9% se realizan con ancianos voluntarios y el 54,9% están dirigidas a todos los niveles de atención. En el análisis de la distribución de la materia por región, se observó una mayor presencia en la región Sudeste (40,2%) (p=0,03). La mayoría de las IES en Brasil abordan la salud de los ancianos en el plan de estudios del curso de fisioterapia. No obstante, la distribución de la materia es desigual en el país, lo que puede resultar en divergencias en la conducta terapéutica e influir negativamente en la calidad de la asistencia a los ancianos.

ABSTRACT Population aging has been occurring rapidly around the world, leading to the need for training for health professionals involved in caring for older adults, including the physical therapist. The aim of this study was to describe the profile of physical therapy courses in higher education institutions (HEIs) in Brazil regarding teaching directed to the health of older adults. This is an observational, cross-sectional study. A survey of information on physical therapy courses in Brazil was carried out through analysis of the curriculum, pedagogical projects and specific form. We analyzed 525 HEIs, of which 91.3% offer a discipline that addresses the health of older people, 98.4% of which is mandatory and 91.3% is the theoretical-practical type. In practice, 25.6% are in the internship field, with 81.9% carried out with older volunteers and 54.9% directed to all levels of care. When analyzing the distribution of the discipline by region, it was observed that it is more present in the Southeast (40.2%) (p=0.03). Most HEIs in Brazil address the health of older adults in the curriculum of the physical therapy course. However, the distribution of this discipline in the country is uneven, which can lead to divergences in therapeutic practice and represent losses in the quality of care for older people.

Physical Therapists' Falls Prevention Knowledge, Beliefs, and Practices in Osteoarthritis Care: A National Cross-Sectional Study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate physical therapists' knowledge, beliefs, and current practices around falls prevention in osteoarthritis (OA) care. METHODS: Currently registered, practicing Australian physical therapists who care for patients with hip and/or knee OA were invited to participate in this cross-sectional study. A comprehensive online survey was used to collect data that were analyzed descriptively or using chi-square tests; free-text responses were classified into key themes for analysis. RESULTS: Complete responses were received from 370 eligible physical therapists, with broad representation across Australian states and practice settings. Participants worked in public and private hospitals, community health centers, private practices, and aged-care facilities. The sample ranged from new graduates to experienced physical therapists (47% had practiced ≥11 years). Despite the majority having specific training or access to educational resources, physical therapists reported only moderate confidence in assessing falls risk (median 7 [interquartile range (IQR) 6-8]; range 0 [not at all confident] to 10 [extremely confident]) and delivering falls prevention care (median 7 [IQR 6-8]). While most participants asked about falls history (88%), only 39% used falls-risk screening tools, and of these, relatively few used appropriate tools. Time constraints (including competing clinical priorities) were the most frequently perceived barrier to including falls prevention activities within OA care. CONCLUSION: This national snapshot of contemporary OA practice has revealed clear opportunities for optimizing clinician confidence and skills to facilitate the uptake of best-practice falls prevention strategies. Improving practice in this area may yield substantial benefits to patients and the health system if more falls can be prevented.

Epilepsy: knowledge and attitudes of physiotherapists, occupational therapists, and speech therapists.

Physiotherapists, occupational therapists, and speech therapists play a key role in the treatment of children with epilepsy. We performed a survey of therapists' knowledge of and attitudes towards epilepsy in two regions of Germany, the city of Leipzig and the rural district of Zwickau. Therapists of 29/68 (43%) outpatient practices and 4/9 (44%) hospitals took part. In total, 195 therapists participated: 63 (32%) physiotherapists, 74 (38%) occupational therapists, and 58 (30%) speech therapist. In 65%, epilepsy was subject of vocational training. Of all therapists, 8% claimed they had not treated epilepsy patients so far. During professional life, 43% had witnessed a seizure. Of all therapists, 44% correctly assumed a seizure could result in death. During a seizure, 42% would perform the obsolete measure of placing something solid in the patient's mouth, and 41% would administer a prescribed rescue medication. More information on epilepsy was requested by 92%.Conclusion: Most therapists treat patients with epilepsy, and almost half have already witnessed a seizure. Often, however, epilepsy is not subject of vocational training. The risk of a fatal outcome of a seizure is underestimated, and many therapists would perform obsolete measures. Knowledge of seizure management should be transmitted to therapists especially during vocational training.

Patients With Greater Stroke Severity and Premorbid Disability Are Less Likely to Receive Therapist Consultations and Intervention During Acute Care Hospitalization.

BACKGROUND: A substantial number of patients with stroke never receive acute care therapy services, despite the fact that therapy after stroke reduces the odds of death and disability and improves patients' functioning. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to estimate the proportion of and factors associated with receipt of therapist consultations and interventions during acute care hospitalization following ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. DESIGN: This was a single-center longitudinal observational study. METHODS: Adults with a diagnosis of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke (N = 1366) were enrolled during their hospitalization in an acute stroke center in a large metropolitan area. The main outcomes were receipt of therapist consultations, interventions, or both. RESULTS: Participants with acute hemorrhagic stroke (intracerebral: odds ratio [OR] = 0.34 [95% CI = 0.19-0.60]; subarachnoid: OR = 0.52 [95% CI = 0.28-0.99]) and with greater stroke severity by National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score (NIHSS score of > 15: OR = 0.34 [95% CI = 0.23-0.51]) were less likely to receive therapist consultations. Participants with moderate stroke severity (NIHSS score of 6-15: OR = 1.43 [95% CI = 1.01-2.33]) were more likely to receive therapy interventions. Those who were able to ambulate before admission were more than 5 times as likely to receive therapy interventions (OR = 5.08 [95% CI = 1.91-13.52]). Also, participants with longer lengths of stay (ie, more intensive care unit and non-intensive care unit days) were more likely to receive therapist consultations and interventions. Tests or procedures were the most common reasons for unsuccessful attempts to complete therapist consultations. LIMITATIONS: Lack of operational and qualitative data prohibited detailed explorations of barriers to delivery of therapist consultations and interventions. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 1 in 4 participants with acute stroke received neither a consultation nor an intervention. Efforts to improve the delivery of acute care therapy services are needed to optimize care for these people.

Access to Physical Therapy in a Medically Underserved, Urban Community.

PURPOSE: Austin is Chicago's largest community and is 85% African American. The purpose of this study was to the examine facilitators and barriers to physical therapy (PT) access as described by Austin community residents and health care providers (HCPs). METHODS: Community residents (n=47) participated in focus groups. Seven HCPs from Austin were interviewed by telephone or in person. All focus groups and interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using a constant comparative method. RESULTS: Austin residents and HCPs reported that having insurance and having a positive view of PT were facilitators to PT access. Barriers included poor proximity to PT clinics, cost, and incomplete knowledge of PT. CONCLUSIONS: Three barriers were identified by community residents and HCPs, all are modifiable factors. Future research should focus on increasing awareness about the benefits of PT and developing low-cost PT options. The PT desert identified in this study highlights the needs of underserved communities.

Fundamentals of Measurement: Linking Evidence to Practice.

Measurement is fundamental to science, which means that physical therapists must engage with measurement if the profession wishes to call itself scientific. However, while it is simple enough to agree that measurement is a good idea, there is more to measurement than meets the eye. Clinicians and researchers both face similar issues when it comes to interpreting the measures they collect. To do this accurately, understanding some basic concepts about measurement is necessary. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2019;49(2):114-115. doi:10.2519/jospt.2019.0701.

Management of thoracic spine pain and dysfunction: A survey of clinical practice in the UK.

BACKGROUND: The thoracic spine (TS) is relatively under-researched compared to the neck and low back. As the challenge of managing spinal pain persists, understanding current physiotherapy clinical practice for TS pain and dysfunction is necessary to inform future research in this area. OBJECTIVE: To investigate physiotherapy practice for managing thoracic spine pain and dysfunction (TSPD) in the UK, with a secondary focus on examining differences across settings and expertise. DESIGN AND METHOD: A cross sectional e-survey informed by existing evidence was designed. Comprising closed and open questions, the survey is reported in line with Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys. Eligible participants were UK-trained physiotherapists managing patients with TSPD, recruited for 9 weeks up to 8/2/16. Data analysis included descriptive analyses (closed questions) and thematic analysis (open questions). RESULTS: From the 485 respondents, fulfilling the required sample size, key findings included. EXAMINATION: Active motion testing, palpation and postural assessment was 'always' undertaken by >89% of respondents. MANAGEMENT: Active (exercises) and passive (e.g. mobilisations) techniques were used by >85% of respondents, with ∼50% using manipulation, taping and acupuncture. Practice settings: Although broadly similar passive techniques were used more in private practice and sport. Expertise: Broadly similar patterns were seen for use of exercise across levels of expertise, although differences observed for electrotherapy and manipulation. CONCLUSION: Despite limited research exercise is widely used in all areas of practice and across all level of expertise. Further research is required to investigate exercise prescription for TSPD and implementation of evidence-based practice.

Impact of funding allocation on physical therapist research productivity and DPT student graduates: an analysis using panel data.

Financial support for institutional research is relatively stagnant, and thus institutions are likely to seek tuition revenue to offset the costs of research and teaching. It is likely that this has led to increases in tuition driven activities, and thus has limited research activities of academic physical therapy (PT) programs in particular. However, the relationships between sources of program revenue, the number of graduates from PT programs, and the scholarly production of PT faculty have not been studied. The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of types of funding-including research grants and tuition-on the number of physical therapy graduates from each program and the research productivity of physical therapy faculty. Data from 2008 to 2016 were utilized to perform a fixed-effects panel analysis. Panel models created predictions for the number of graduates and the number of peer-reviewed publications for programs from grant funding, annual tuition, and number of funded faculty members. In any given program, a 1% increase in annual tuition is associated with 24% more graduates per year, but a single percentage point increase in the mix of NIH grant funding over other funding types is associated with 8% fewer graduates, all else equal. For every 1% increase in annual tuition, a program can expect to have 41% fewer publications per year. Those institutions with higher numbers of graduates tended to have higher numbers of publications. Higher annual program tuition appears to be associated with both higher numbers of physical therapy graduates and lower levels of publications. Different funding sources have variable effects on degree production and scholarly productivity. Data are self-reported by programs on the Annual Accreditation Report, and cause and effect cannot be established through observational design.

Prevalence of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Iranian Physical Therapists: A Cross-sectional Study.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among Iranian physical therapists. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out. An online survey was completed by Iranian physiotherapists from June 2017 to August 2017. A total of 333 online questionnaires were sent, and 319 questionnaires were fully completed and used for data analysis. The Persian version of the Nordic Questionnaire was the main outcome measurement. This questionnaire identified work-related pain or discomfort in 9 parts of the body, including: (1) neck, (2) shoulder, (3) elbow, (4) wrists, (5) upper back, (6) lumbar, (7) thighs, (8) knee, and (9) ankle. RESULTS: The findings of this study showed the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was 94% in Iranian physiotherapists. Lumbar (65%), neck (57.4%), shoulder (50.2%), upper back (49%), and knee (45.5%) were the most prevalent regions of these disorders. While ankle (19.7%) and elbow (21.6%) disorders showed the lowest prevalence. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders was high in Iranian physiotherapists, especially in the lumbar, neck, shoulder, and upper back regions.

Efectos de entrenamiento físico específico y técnicas de relajación sobre los parámetros dolorosos de la cefalea tensional en estudiantes universitarios: un ensayo clínico controlado y aleatorizado / Effects of physical therapy and relaxation techniques on the parameters of pain in university students with tension-type headache: A randomised controlled clinical trial

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los tratamientos no farmacológicos consiguen controlar la cefalea tensional, sin embargo, la evidencia es todavía limitada. Esta investigación estudia la eficacia de una intervención fisioterápica, basada en cinesiterapia cervical y pautas de higiene postural, que pretende mejorar los resultados obtenidos únicamente con técnicas de relajación (Entrenamiento Autógeno de Schultz [EA]). MÉTODOS: Se seleccionó a 152 estudiantes universitarios (sector poblacional entre quienes esta patología es muy frecuente), 84 mujeres (55,3%) y 68 hombres (44,7%), con edad media de 20,42 años (DT = 2,36), diagnosticados de cefalea tensional, según criterios de la International Headache Society. Se diseñó un ensayo clínico, no farmacológico, controlado y aleatorizado, con evaluación ciega de las variables respuesta. Se compararon los resultados de 2 muestras paralelas e independientes, aplicando a una el EA y a la otra la combinación de este con un programa de cinesiterapia cervical y educación postural. Se cuantificaron la mejoría en los parámetros dolorosos (frecuencia, intensidad y duración) y la reducción del consumo de fármacos, en diarios de cefaleas, antes de los tratamientos y después, a las 4 semanas y a los 3 meses. RESULTADOS: Los 2 grupos de intervención evolucionaron positivamente, consiguiéndose una reducción más significativa en la frecuencia e intensidad de las cefaleas con el tratamiento combinado (p < 0,01) (d = 0,4). CONCLUSIONES: Las terapias activas, no invasivas, como el EA y la cinesiterapia cervical, y especialmente la combinación de ambos, consiguen reducir la cefalea tensional, al prevenir y controlar las posibles causas psicofísicas de este trastorno. Como futuras líneas de investigación, sería interesante evaluar el mantenimiento de los beneficios a largo plazo

INTRODUCTION: Despite the impact of cerebrovascular disease (CVD) on global health, its morbidity and time trends in Spain are not precisely known. :Objective The purpose of our study was to characterise the epidemiology and trends pertaining to stroke in Aragon over the period 1998-2010. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, descriptive study using the data of the Spanish health system's Minimum Data Set and included all stroke patients admitted to acute care hospitals in Aragon between 1 January 1998 and 31 December 2010. We present data globally and broken down by stroke subtype, sex, and age group. RESULTS: The number of cases increased by 13% whereas age- and sex-adjusted hospitalisation rates showed a significant decrease for all types of stroke (mean annual decrease of 1.6%). Men and women in younger age groups showed opposite trends in hospitalisation rates for ischaemic stroke. Case fatality rate at 28 days (17.9%) was higher in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage (35.8%) than in those with subarachnoid haemorrhage (26.2%) or ischaemic stroke (13%). CVD case fatality showed a mean annual decline of 2.8%, at the expense of the fatality rate of ischaemic stroke, and it was more pronounced in men than in women. DISCUSSION: Understanding stroke epidemiology and trends at the regional level will help establish an efficient monitoring system and design appropriate strategies for health planning

Utilization of Manipulative Treatment for Spine and Shoulder Conditions Between Different Medical Providers in a Large Military Hospital.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the use of manipulative treatment for shoulder and spine conditions among various provider types. DESIGN: Retrospective observational cohort. SETTING: Single military hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Consecutive sample of patients (N=7566) seeking care for an initial spine or shoulder condition from January 1 to December 31, 2009. INTERVENTIONS: Manipulative treatment (eg, manual therapy, spinal and joint manipulation). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Manipulation treatment was identified with procedure billing codes in the medical records. Spine and shoulder conditions were identified by using the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision codes. All data were abstracted from the Department of Defense Military Health System Management and Analysis Tool. RESULTS: Of 7566 total patients seeking care, 2014 (26.6%) received manipulative treatment at least once, and 1883 of those received this treatment in a military facility (24.7%). Manipulative treatment was used most often for thoracic conditions and least often for shoulder conditions (50.8% and 24.2% of all patients). There was a total of 6706 unique medical visits with a manipulative treatment procedure (average of 3.3 manipulative treatment procedure visits per patient). CONCLUSIONS: Manipulative treatment utilization rates for shoulder and spine conditions ranged from 26.6% to 50.2%. Chiropractors used manipulation the most and physical therapists the least.

Low Back Pain: Investigation of Biases in Outpatient Canadian Physical Therapy.

BACKGROUND: Previous research suggested that physical therapy services can be influenced by patient characteristics (age, sex, socioeconomic status) or insurance status rather than their clinical need. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether patient-related factors (age, sex, SES) and the source of reimbursement for physical therapy services (insurance status) influence wait time for, frequency of, and duration of physical therapy for low back pain. DESIGN: This study was an empirical cross-sectional online survey of Canadian physical therapy professionals (defined as including physical therapists and physical rehabilitation specialists). METHODS: A total of 846 physical therapy professionals received 1 of 24 different (and randomly selected) clinical vignettes (ie, patient case scenarios) and completed a 40-item questionnaire about how they would treat the fictional patient in the vignette as well as their professional clinical practice. Each vignette described a patient with low back pain but with variations in patient characteristics (age, sex, socioeconomic status) and insurance status (no insurance, private insurance, Workers' Compensation Board insurance). RESULTS: The age, sex, and socioeconomic status of the fictional vignette patients did not affect how participants would provide service. However, vignette patients with Workers' Compensation Board insurance would be seen more frequently than those with private insurance or no insurance. When asked explicitly, study participants stated that insurance status, age, and chronicity of the condition were not factors associated with wait time for, frequency of, or duration of treatment. LIMITATIONS: This study used a standardized vignette patient and may not accurately represent physical therapy professionals' actual clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS: There appears to be an implicit professional bias in relation to patients' insurance status; the resulting inequity in service provision highlights the need for further research as a basis for national guidelines to promote equity in access to and provision of quality physical therapy services.