Subject(s)
Eye Infections, Viral/drug therapy , Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/drug therapy , Iris Diseases/drug therapy , Panuveitis/drug therapy , Pigmentation Disorders/drug therapy , Administration, Oral , Adult , Amides/therapeutic use , Atropine/therapeutic use , Drug Combinations , Ebolavirus/genetics , Ebolavirus/isolation & purification , Eye Infections, Viral/diagnosis , Eye Infections, Viral/virology , Fluprednisolone/analogs & derivatives , Fluprednisolone/therapeutic use , Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use , Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/diagnosis , Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/virology , Humans , Injections, Intraocular , Iris Diseases/diagnosis , Iris Diseases/virology , Male , Microscopy, Acoustic , Multimodal Imaging , Mydriatics/therapeutic use , Ophthalmic Solutions , Panuveitis/diagnosis , Panuveitis/virology , Pigmentation Disorders/diagnosis , Pigmentation Disorders/virology , Prednisone/therapeutic use , Pyrazines/therapeutic use , RNA, Viral/genetics , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Survivors , Triamcinolone Acetonide/therapeutic use , Vitreous Body/virologySubject(s)
Bowen's Disease/virology , Nail Diseases/virology , Papillomaviridae/isolation & purification , Papillomavirus Infections/diagnosis , Pigmentation Disorders/virology , Skin Neoplasms/virology , Aged, 80 and over , Bowen's Disease/pathology , Humans , Male , Papillomavirus Infections/complications , Skin Neoplasms/pathologySubject(s)
Exfoliation Syndrome/virology , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/virology , Herpes Simplex/virology , Pigment Epithelium of Eye/pathology , Pigmentation Disorders/virology , Acute Disease , Anterior Chamber/pathology , Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Drug Therapy, Combination , Exfoliation Syndrome/diagnosis , Exfoliation Syndrome/drug therapy , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/diagnosis , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/drug therapy , Herpes Simplex/diagnosis , Herpes Simplex/drug therapy , Humans , Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use , Male , Middle Aged , Pigmentation Disorders/diagnosis , Pigmentation Disorders/drug therapy , Uveitis, Anterior/diagnosis , Uveitis, Anterior/drug therapy , Uveitis, Anterior/virology , Visual AcuityABSTRACT
Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) has several clinical presentations and has been reported in various states of immune deregulation. We report the unique presentation of this disease as a pigmented periungual macule in a patient with a previous history of immune deregulation related to cutaneous lymphoma. A literature review did not reveal any previous reports of EV in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.
Subject(s)
Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis/diagnosis , Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/complications , Pigmentation Disorders/diagnosis , Skin Neoplasms/complications , Aged , Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis/etiology , Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis/pathology , Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis/surgery , Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis/virology , Female , Humans , Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/drug therapy , Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/radiotherapy , Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/virology , Papillomaviridae/isolation & purification , Papillomavirus Infections/diagnosis , Pigmentation Disorders/pathology , Pigmentation Disorders/surgery , Pigmentation Disorders/virology , Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy , Skin Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Skin Neoplasms/virology , Treatment OutcomeSubject(s)
Bowen's Disease/diagnosis , Nail Diseases/virology , Papillomavirus Infections/diagnosis , Pigmentation Disorders/virology , Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis , Adult , Bowen's Disease/virology , DNA, Viral/isolation & purification , Humans , Male , Papillomavirus Infections/genetics , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Skin Neoplasms/virologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Alternative criteria for initiating antiretroviral therapy to CD4 testing or clinical illness are needed in Malawi. METHOD: We tested if grey nails could be used to identify patients with a CD4 cell count less than 200 cells/microl who had not yet presented with AIDS-defining illnesses. RESULTS: Using a set of 242 photographs we showed good inter-observer agreement for grey nails (kappa = 0.66; P < 0.0001) and the positive predictive value of grey nails for a CD4 cell count of less than 200 cells/microl was 81% (chi < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Grey nails have been associated with HIV infection and we have shown significant correlation of this sign with a low CD4 cell count. For clinicians working in sub-Saharan Africa without access to CD4 cell count testing, grey or DB nails represent an additional staging sign to help identify a sub-group of patients likely to benefit from ART.
Subject(s)
CD4 Lymphocyte Count , Developing Countries , HIV Infections/complications , Nail Diseases/virology , Pigmentation Disorders/virology , Adult , Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage , Case-Control Studies , Female , HIV Infections/drug therapy , HIV Infections/immunology , Humans , Male , Medically Underserved Area , Middle Aged , Nail Diseases/diagnosis , Observer Variation , Patient Selection , Photography , Pigmentation Disorders/diagnosis , Predictive Value of TestsABSTRACT
Cutaneous plasmacytosis is a rare disorder that typically affects middle-aged to older individuals of Asian, particularly Japanese, descent. Clinically, it is characterized by multiple asymptomatic red-brown plaques and nodules on the trunk. Lymphadenopathy and hypergammaglobulinemia may be present. Histologically, the lesions show a moderately dense superficial and deep perivascular infiltrate composed predominantly of mature plasma cells without atypia or light chain restriction. We report our experience with five additional cases, including results of immunohistochemical studies for human herpes virus 8.
Subject(s)
Herpesvirus 8, Human/isolation & purification , Plasma Cells/pathology , Skin Diseases/pathology , Adult , Aged , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Hypergammaglobulinemia/diagnosis , Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains/analysis , Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains/analysis , Male , Middle Aged , Pigmentation Disorders/immunology , Pigmentation Disorders/pathology , Pigmentation Disorders/virology , Plasma Cells/immunology , Plasma Cells/virology , Skin Diseases/immunology , Skin Diseases/virologySubject(s)
Amyloidosis/virology , Hepacivirus , Hepatitis C, Chronic/virology , Skin Diseases/virology , Aged , Back , Humans , Leg , Male , Pigmentation Disorders/virology , Virus LatencyABSTRACT
Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 60 infection is histologically associated with characteristic homogeneous intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies. However, it remains unclear whether the virus is associated with cystic, pigmented or ridged plantar warts. We report a 51-year-old Japanese female with a HPV-60-induced plantar wart which showed the clinical appearance of both pigmented and ridged warts. Masson-Fontana staining revealed increased melanin granules in the epidermis of the wart. This observation suggests that HPV-60 may be associated not only with cystic warts but also with the specific morphology of ridged warts, and the biological disorder of hyperpigmentation may be controlled by additional unknown factors which differ from case to case.
Subject(s)
Papillomaviridae , Papillomavirus Infections/complications , Pigmentation Disorders/pathology , Tumor Virus Infections/complications , Warts/pathology , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Pigmentation Disorders/etiology , Pigmentation Disorders/virology , Skin/pathology , Skin/virology , Warts/etiology , Warts/virologyABSTRACT
Although clinical, histological and viral correlations have recently been established among pigmented warts, homogeneous intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies and related types of human papillomavirus (HPV) (HPV 65, 4 and 60), the causes of the pigmentation remain unknown. In this study, comparative histological and histochemical analyses were performed with 53 pigmented (34 HPV 65-induced, 12 HPV 4-induced and seven HPV 60-induced) and 73 non-pigmented warts (27 HPV 2-induced, 23 HPV 1-induced, 12 HPV 63-induced, six unknown HPV-type induced and five HPV 60 induced) to clarify the causes of the pigmentation. Electron microscopy was also used to examine the pigmented warts. Many melanin blockade melanocytes were identified in all of the pigmented warts with Masson-Fontana staining and electron microscopy, and increased melanin in keratinocytes was also noted in 22 pigmented warts, suggesting that the dispersion of melanin granules in the dendrites of the melanin blockade melanocytes and the increased melanin granules in keratinocytes are the primary contributors to the pigmentation of the warts. The homogeneous intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies might also play a part in the darkening of the warts, as only the cases which had the inclusion bodies as well as the melanin blockade melanocytes were clinically pigmented. Although melanin blockade melanocytes were seen in a few cases of HPV 1- and HPV 2-induced warts in which the homogeneous inclusion bodies were not observed, the warts were not clinically pigmented. Melanin blockade melanocytes were not seen in any of the HPV 63-induced non-pigmented warts. In conclusion, the pigmented warts were associated with one of the related types of HPV (HPV 65, 4 and 60), and the pigmentation of the lesions is thus thought to be caused primarily by melanin blockade melanocytes. The homogeneous intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies might also play a part in the darkening of the lesions. This is the first report dealing with the pigmentary disorder associated with specific types of HPV.
Subject(s)
Papillomaviridae/classification , Pigmentation Disorders/pathology , Warts/pathology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Female , Humans , In Situ Hybridization , Male , Melanins/metabolism , Melanocytes/ultrastructure , Microscopy, Electron , Middle Aged , Pigmentation Disorders/metabolism , Pigmentation Disorders/virology , Warts/metabolism , Warts/virologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection induces variable skin manifestations. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine whether there is an association between HCV infection and urticaria. METHODS: Antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) and HCV genotypes were determined in patients with urticaria and in a control population. RESULTS: Anti-HCV was detected in 19 (24%) of 79 patients with urticaria, and HCV RNA was detected in 17 (22%). Genotypes of HCV were II/1b in 12 (71%), III/2a in 4 (24%), and IV/2b in 1 (6%). The 17 patients with HCV RNA were older (53 +/- 14 vs 41 +/- 14 years, p < 0.01), and their eruption lasted longer (35% vs 6%, p < 0.05) and left pigmentation more frequently (53% vs 3%, p < 0.001). They had higher levels of alanine aminotransferase (67 +/- 34 vs 25 +/- 17 U/L, p < 0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (51 +/- 23 vs 21 +/- 8 U/L, p < 0.001), zinc turbidity test (12.8 +/- 3.1 vs 9.3 +/- 3.7 Kunkel units, p < 0.001), and IgG (1919 +/- 320 vs 1622 +/- 349 mg/100 ml, p < 0.01) than the patients without HCV RNA. CONCLUSION: HCV could be a significant cause of urticaria. Chronic urticaria associated with HCV infection has peculiar clinical, serologic, and biochemical characteristics that could make it a distinct clinical entity with an indication for interferon therapy.