Evaluación de la actividad repelente de aceites esenciales de plantas Piperáceas del departamento de Chocó, Colombia / Evaluation of repellent activity of essential oils from plants Piperaceae Department of Chocó, Colombia

El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la composición química volátil del aceite esencial de varias especies de Piperáceas (Piper dilatatum, Piper aduncum, Piper divaricatum, Piper sp, Piper sanctifelicis) y la actividad repelente de ellos contra el gorgojo de granos almacenados Tribolium castaneum Herbst. Los aceites esenciales se obtuvieron por hidrodestilación, la separación e identificación de los componentes volátiles se realizó por cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas y para la evaluación de la actividad repelente se empleó el método de área de preferencia. Los compuestos mayoritarios encontrados en Piper dilatatum fueron el apiol 89,0% y trans-cariofileno (3,5%); en Piper divaricatum, eugenol (37,5%) y metil eugenol (36,3%); Piper sp, alpha-gurjuneno (o guaieno) (24,9%) y elemol (14,2%); Piper sanctifelicis, Delta-3-careno (35,3%) y limoneno (27,1%); Piper aduncum, dilapiol (48,2%) y 1,8 cineol (11,4%). Los porcentajes de repelencia de los aceites esenciales a una concentración de 1 µL/cm2, a un tiempo de exposición de 2 horas frente al T. castaneum fueron: Piper aduncum (99%), Piper sp (96%), Piper dilatatum (82%), Piper divaricatum (76%), Piper santifelicis (33%) (AU)

The objective of this study was to determine the volatile chemical composition of the essential oil of various species of Piperaceae (Piper dilatatum, Piper aduncum, Piper divaricatum, Piper sp, Piper sanctifelicis) and repellent activity of them against weevil stored grain Tribolium castaneum Herbst . Essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation, the separation and identification of volatile components was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and to evaluate the repellent activity the area method was used preferably. The major compounds found in Piper dilatatum were 89.0% and apiol trans-caryophyllene (3.5%); Piper divaricatum, eugenol (37.5%) and methyl eugenol (36.3%); -gurjunene (or guaiene) (24.9%) and elemol (14.2%);Piper sp, Piper sanctifelicis, -(35.3%) and limonene (27.1%);3-carene Piper aduncum, dilapiol (48.2%) and 1,8 cineole (11.4%). Percent repellency of essential oils at a concentration of 1 uL / cm2, to an exposure time of 2 hours against T. castaneum were: Piper aduncum (99%), Piper sp (96%), Piper dilatatum (82 %), Piper divaricatum (76%), Piper santifelicis (33%)

Avaliação do extrato etanólico de Ottonia martiana Miq. para o controle de duas doenças florestais / Evaluation of Ottonia martiana Miq. alcoholic extract to control two forest diseases

Metabólitos secundários presentes em plantas medicinais apresentam várias propriedades biológicas incluindo a atividade antifúngica. Esse estudo avaliou o potencial antifúngico da planta medicinal Ottonia martiana no controle da pinta-preta em erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis) e do mofo-cinzento em eucalipto (Eucalyptus dunnii). Extrato etanólico (EBEtOH) dos órgãos totais (raízes, caules, folhas e frutos) foi preparado e testado na concentração de 1000 μg mL-1 contra os patógenos Cylindrocladium spathulatum (pinta-preta) e Botrytis cinerea (mofo-cinzento). Bioensaios in vitro (germinação de esporos e bioautografia direta) e in vivo (teste de patogenicidade em mudas) mostraram que o EBEtOH reduziu o crescimento micelial dos patógenos testados e a germinação dos esporos de C. spathulatum e estimulou a germinação de esporos de B. cinerea. O teste de patogenicidade mostrou que o controle da pinta-preta em erva-mate e do mofo cinzento em eucalipto não é viável usando-se a concentração testada de EBEtOH de O. martiana. Na bioautografia direta, foram detectadas zonas de inibição de crescimento micelial dos fungos e que foram relacionadas com a presença de piperovatina.

Secondary metabolites from medicinal plants have several biological properties, including antifungal activity. This study evaluated the antifungal potential of the medicinal plant Ottonia martiana to control maté leaf spot (Ilex paraguariensis) and eucalypt gray mould (Eucalyptus dunnii). Ethanol extract (EBEtOH) of the total parts (roots, stems, leaves and fruits) was prepared at the concentration of 1000 μg mL-1 and tested against Cylindrocladium spathulatum (maté leaf spot) and Botrytis cinerea (eucalypt gray mould). In vitro bioassays (spore germination and direct bioautography) and in vivo bioassays (pathogenicity test in seedlings) showed that EBEtOH reduced the mycelial growth of the tested pathogens and the germination of C. spathulatum spores and stimulated the germination of B. cinerea spores. The pathogenicity test showed that the control of maté leaf spot and eucalypt gray mould is not viable using the tested concentration of O. martiana EBEtOH. Zones of mycelial growth inhibition were detected in direct bioautography and were related to the presence of piperovatine.

Actividad antifúngica in vitro de extractos crudos de Piper tuberculatum / In vitro antifungal activity of crude extracts of Piper tuberculatum

En la medicina tradicional Peruana Piper tuberculatum Jacq. (Piperaceae) es utilizado en humanos y animales domésticos como antiinflamatorio y desinfectante de heridas. Piper tuberculatum contiene las amidas isobutílicas, pirrolidina, dihidropiridona y piperidina. El objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar la actividad antifúngica de los extractos crudos de inflorescencias, hojas y tallos de plantas silvestres, obtenidos con CH2Cl2:MeOH (2:1), EtOH y decocción y de plantas in vitro obtenido con CH2Cl2:MeOH (2:1). Los extractos crudos exhibieron actividad antifúngica sobre Trichophyton rubrum, Microsporum canis y M. gypseum. La concentración inhibitoria mínima (CIM) observada con los extractos CH2Cl2:MeOH (2:1), EtOH y decocción, sobre Trichophyton rubrum, Microsporum canis y M. gypseum fue 0,1 mg/mL para inflorescencias y hojas, y 0,1 a 0,5 mg/mL para tallos. En plantas in vitro la inhibición en el crecimiento de T. rubrum y M. canis fue 100% en 0,5 mg/mL y para M. gypseum fue 95% en 1,5 mg/mL de concentración.

Piper tuberculatum Jacq. (Piperaceae) is used in traditional Peruvian medicine as anti-inflammatory and disinfectant of wounds in humans and domestic animals. This species contains amides bearing isobutyl, pyrrolidine, dihydropyridone and piperidine moieties. The aim of this work was to investigate antifungal activity of crude extracts from the spikes, leaves and stems of wild plants extracted with CH2Cl2:MeOH (2:1), EtOH, decoction, and in vitro plants extracted with CH2Cl2:MeOH (2:1). The crude extracts showed antifungal activity on Trichophyton rubrum, Mycosporum canis y M. gypseum. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) observed with CH2Cl2:MeOH (2:1), EtOH and decoctions extracts against T. rubrum, M. canis and M. gypseum was 0,1 mg/mL for spikes and leaves, and 0,1 to 0,5 mg/mL for stems. The inhibition of growth using in vitro plants on T. rubrum and M. canis was 100% in 0,5 mg/mL, and 95% on M. gypseum 95% using 1,5 mg/mL of concentration.