ABSTRACT
Pituitary apoplexy is a common clinical syndrome characterised by acute headache, ophthalmoplegia, diminished visual acuity and altered mental status caused by the sudden haemorrhage or infarction of the pituitary gland. The two cases reported highlight the variability in presentation which underscores the need for a high index of suspicion and the need for MRI in patients presenting with a thunderclap headache and 'normal' initial investigations.
Subject(s)
Pituitary Apoplexy/complications , Pituitary Apoplexy/diagnosis , Adult , Cognition , Cognition Disorders/etiology , Female , Headache/etiology , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Ophthalmoplegia/etiology , Pituitary Apoplexy/pathology , Pituitary Apoplexy/physiopathology , Pituitary Apoplexy/psychology , Syndrome , Visual AcuityABSTRACT
A rare case of pituitary apoplexy following mild head trauma is reported. A 56-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for loss of consciousness following a traffic accident. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging showed a large suprasellar tumor containing a low intensity area on the T 1-, T 2-weighted images and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) image. These findings indicated fresh intratumoral hemorrhage. The tumor extended to the suprasellar region and put pressure on the hypothalamus and brain stem. The tumor, with marked intratumoral hemorrhage, was resected with an emergency right front-temporal craniotomy. And the patient was left severely disabled. The tumor histology was diffuse-type pituitary adenoma. In our case, we suggest that the cause of pituitary apoplexy following head trauma was shearing stress between the intra- and suprasellar part of the easy bleeding tumor, or direct injury by bone structure such as teberculum sellae, dorsum sellae, or anterior clinoid process.
