Obstetric outcomes after medroxyprogesterone acetate treatment for early stage endometrial cancer or atypical endometrial hyperplasia: a single hospital-based study.

BACKGROUND: To investigate perinatal outcomes in pregnancy after high-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) therapy for early stage endometrial cancer (EC) and atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) and to determine whether pregnancy after MPA therapy is at a higher risk of placenta accreta. METHODS: Data of 51 pregnancies in 46 women who received MPA therapy for EC or AEH and delivered after 22 weeks of gestation at Keio University Hospital were reviewed. A retrospective matched case-control study was performed to determine the risk of placenta accreta in pregnancy after MPA therapy compared with singleton pregnancies without any history of maternal malignancy treatments. RESULTS: The incidence of placenta accreta was higher in the MPA group than in the control group (15.7 vs. 0%, p = 0.0058). However, no differences in other perinatal outcomes were observed between groups. While gestational weeks at delivery in the MPA group were later than those in the control group (p = 0.0058), no difference in the incidence of preterm delivery was recorded between groups. In the MPA therapy group, the number of patients who underwent ≥ 6 dilation and curettage (D&C) was higher in the placenta accreta group than in the non-placenta accreta group (50.0 vs. 14.0%, p = 0.018). Patients with ≥ 6 D&Cs demonstrated a 6.0-fold increased risk of placenta accreta (p = 0.043, 95% CI 1.05-34.1) than those receiving ≤ 3 D&Cs. CONCLUSION: Pregnancy after MPA therapy is associated with a high risk of placenta accreta. In cases in which the frequency of D&C is high, placenta accreta should be considered.

Exposure to air pollutants during the early weeks of pregnancy, and placenta praevia and placenta accreta in the western part of Japan.

BACKGROUND: Placenta praevia is an obstetric complication involving placental implantation in the lower uterine segment. Given the suggested aetiology of placenta praevia, adverse biological effects of air pollutants, such as plasma viscosity increment, endothelial dysfunction, and systemic inflammation, have the potential to induce low implantation. We explored the association between exposure to air pollutants during the pregnancy period up to implantation, and placenta praevia, in pregnant Japanese women. The outcome also included placenta accreta, which often exists in combination with placenta praevia. METHODS: From the Japan Perinatal Registry Network database, we obtained data on 40,573 singleton pregnant women in western Japan (Kyushu-Okinawa Districts) between 2005 and 2010. We assigned pollutant concentrations (suspended particulate matter [SPM], ozone, nitrogen dioxide [NO2], and sulphur dioxide [SO2]), measured at the nearest monitoring station to the respective delivery hospital of each woman. A logistic regression model was used to adjust for several covariates. RESULTS: The odds ratios (ORs) of placenta praevia per 10 units increase were 1.12 (95% confidence interval (CI)=1.01-1.23) for SPM over 0-4weeks of gestation, and 1.08 (1.00-1.16) for ozone. The association between exposure to NO2 and SO2, and praevia, was in the direction of increased risk. SPM exposure during 0-4weeks was associated with placenta accreta without praevia (OR=1.33, 95% CI=1.07-1.66). We found no association with exposure to air pollutants during 5-12weeks and the second trimester. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to air pollutants through to implantation was positively associated with placenta praevia and accreta.