ABSTRACT
Preparations of 2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (Skane M-8) at 1000 p.p.m. a.i. and 500 p.p.m. a.i. in pet. induced allergy in a cumulative insult human patch test. Challenge patch testing using 250 p.p.m. a.i. Skane M-8 elicited allergy in 6 out of 6 sensitized individuals. Sensitized individuals did not cross react with Kathon biocide, (Kathon CG), a mixture of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one. All pretrolatum preparations to which Tween 85 was added at 2.5% produced mild irritation in cumulative insult patch tests, but no irritation was observed with Tween 85 at 0.625%. We conclude that Skane M-8, 250 p.p.m. a.i. with Tween 85 0.625% in petrolatum is appropriate for patch testing for Skane M-8 allergy.
Subject(s)
Patch Tests/methods , Skin Tests/methods , Thiazoles/immunology , Adult , Animals , Dermatitis, Contact/diagnosis , Dermatitis, Contact/etiology , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Guinea Pigs , Humans , Polysorbates/immunology , Thiazoles/administration & dosage , Time FactorsABSTRACT
We compared a new cetrimonium bromide (CTAB) subunit vaccine with a conventional polysorbate (Tween)-ether split-product vaccine in 63 children and young adults. The vaccines each contained influenza A/Bangkok/79, A/Brazil/78, B/Singapore/79; two doses were given one month apart. Among persons initially seronegative for A/Bangkok/79, the geometric mean antibody titer rose to more than 100 following one dose of vaccine, while those initially seropositive had titers of greater than 200 after one dose of either vaccine. Neither vaccine was able to induce comparable antibody titers to A/Brazil/78 or B/Singapore/79 after one dose in initially seronegative persons. After two doses the titers were greater than 100 for A/Brazil but not for B/Singapore. An A/Bangkok epidemic struck the New York City metropolitan area. The attack rate in the unvaccinated matched sibling control group was 35% (15/43). Only two of the 27 recipients of cetrimonium bromide vaccine and none of the 36 polysorbate-ether vaccines had a fourfold or greater increase in antibody titer during the epidemic.
Subject(s)
Cetrimonium Compounds , Influenza Vaccines/therapeutic use , Influenza, Human/prevention & control , Polysorbates , Quaternary Ammonium Compounds , Adult , Cetrimonium , Cetrimonium Compounds/immunology , Child , Cystic Fibrosis/immunology , Humans , Influenza Vaccines/immunology , Influenza, Human/epidemiology , New York City , Orthomyxoviridae/immunology , Polysorbates/immunologyABSTRACT
Procedures designed to extract pseudorabies viral (PRV) antigens from PRV-infected tissue cultures were investigated to determine whether differences in extraction method had an effect upon the final concentrated antigenic product. All four of the preparations made from PRV-infected tissue culture cells (trypsin extract and disrupted cells) or entire PRV-infected cultures (polysorbate 80 extract and (NH4)2SO4 precipitate) contained relatively large amounts of the same antigen, whereas cell-free PRV-infected tissue culture fluids did not contain significant amounts of this antigen. Specific antibody directed against this antigen was present in all PRV antisera tested. Two other antigens were observed in some of the preparations, but PRV antisera varied in their ability to precipitate with these antigens. Therefore, the number of precipitation lines observed in agar gel immunodiffusion between PRV preparations and PRV-positive antisera depended both upon the extraction method used to obtain the antigen and upon the specificity of the selected antiserum.
