ABSTRACT
Toxic metals such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As) that lead to many visceral organ and nervous system diseases have attracted global attention due to their gradual accumulation in human bodies. The tolerance levels of exposure to toxic metals among race/ethnic groups are different due to the variance of sociodemographic, dietary, and behavioral characteristics. Few studies focused on investigating the biomarker levels of toxic metals in different race/ethnic groups and the potential mechanisms for controlling the accumulation in human bodies. Therefore, we selected eight biomarkers for four toxic metals from the National Health and Nutrition and Examination Survey (NHANES) in the 2-year data cycle of 2015-2016 to reveal the accumulation levels in different races. According to the NHANES rules, we applied probability sampling weights. The geometric mean levels of these biomarkers were calculated in all five race/ethnic groups (Mexican American, white, black, Asian, and other Hispanic) and two Asian subgroups (U.S.-born Asian, and other-born Asian), and compared with each other. The results showed that all the biomarkers in other-born Asians were 1.1-6.7 times in blood and 1.1-3.6 times in urine higher than other race/ethnic groups. Except Hg and As, the lowest biomarker levels were recorded in U.S.-born Asians, only 0.6-0.9 times of lead and 0.3-0.8 times of cadmium than other race/ethnic groups. Furthermore, the major factors of higher Hg and As biomarker levels in Asians were dietary intake of seafood and rice, indicating different accumulation mechanisms among Asians and other race/ethnic groups, especially for U.S.-born Asians. These findings provided new insight into a deeper understanding the accumulation of toxic metals and human health.
Subject(s)
Arsenic , Biomarkers , Metals, Heavy , Humans , Arsenic/blood , Arsenic/urine , Asian/statistics & numerical data , Biomarkers/blood , Biomarkers/urine , Cadmium/blood , Cadmium/urine , Environmental Exposure/analysis , Environmental Exposure/statistics & numerical data , Mercury/blood , Mercury/urine , Nutrition Surveys , United States/epidemiology , Lead/blood , Lead/urine , Metals, Heavy/blood , Metals, Heavy/urine , Bioaccumulation , Population Groups/ethnology , Population Groups/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
The narrow eligibility criteria may contribute to the underrepresentation of racial and ethnic subgroups in cancer clinical trials. We conducted a retrospective pooled analysis of multicenter global clinical trials submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration between 2006 and 2019 to support the approval of the use of multiple myeloma (MM) therapies that analyze the rates and reasons for trial ineligibility based on race and ethnicity in MM clinical trials. Race and ethnicity were coded per Office of Management and Budget standards. Patients flagged as having screen failures were identified as ineligible. Ineligibility rates were calculated as the percentage of patients who were ineligible compared with the screened population within the respective racial and ethnic subgroups. Trial eligibility criteria were grouped into specific categories to analyze the reasons for trial ineligibility. Black patients (24%) and other (23%) race subgroups had higher ineligibility rates than White patients (17%). The Asian race had the lowest ineligibility rate (12%) among all racial subgroups. Failure to meet the hematologic laboratory criteria (19%) and treatment-related criteria (17%) were the most common reasons for ineligibility among Black patients and were more common in Black patients than in other races. Failure to meet disease-related criteria was the most common reason for ineligibility among White (28%) and Asian (29%) participants. Our analysis indicates that specific eligibility criteria may contribute to enrollment disparities for racial and ethnic subgroups in MM clinical trials. However, the small number of screened patients in the underrepresented racial and ethnic subgroups limits definitive conclusions.
Subject(s)
Multiple Myeloma , Humans , Black People , Ethnicity/statistics & numerical data , Multiple Myeloma/epidemiology , Multiple Myeloma/ethnology , Multiple Myeloma/therapy , Retrospective Studies , Clinical Trials as Topic/statistics & numerical data , Population Groups/ethnology , Population Groups/statistics & numerical data , Racial Groups , Internationality , Patient Selection , White People , Asian PeopleABSTRACT
Neste boletim são apresentados: situação mundial, ocorrência de hospitalizações confirmadas para sars-cov-2, perfil das pessoas, distribuição espacial, Síndrome Inflamatória Multissistêmica Pediátrica (SIM-P), povos indígenas, descrição de surtos, trabalhadores da saúde, Vigilância sentinela de síndrome gripal e tabelas de descrição do surto. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Health Profile , Hospital Mortality/ethnology , Population Groups/statistics & numerical data , Vaccination Coverage , COVID-19 Testing , COVID-19/epidemiology , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Child Health , Disease Outbreaks , Adolescent Health , COVID-19/complicationsABSTRACT
Neste boletim são apresentados: situação mundial, ocorrência de hospitalizações confirmadas para sars-cov-2, perfil das pessoas, distribuição espacial, Síndrome Inflamatória Multissistêmica Pediátrica (SIM-P), povos indígenas, descrição de surtos, trabalhadores da saúde, Vigilância sentinela de síndrome gripal e tabelas de descrição do surto. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Health Profile , Hospital Mortality/ethnology , Population Groups/statistics & numerical data , Vaccination Coverage , COVID-19 Testing , COVID-19/epidemiology , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Child Health , Disease Outbreaks , Adolescent Health , COVID-19/complicationsABSTRACT
Neste boletim são apresentados: situação mundial, ocorrência de hospitalizações confirmadas para sars-cov-2, perfil das pessoas, distribuição espacial, Síndrome Inflamatória Multissistêmica Pediátrica (SIM-P), povos indígenas, descrição de surtos, trabalhadores da saúde, Vigilância sentinela de síndrome gripal e tabelas de descrição do surto. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Health Profile , Hospital Mortality/ethnology , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Population Groups/statistics & numerical data , Vaccination Coverage , COVID-19 Testing , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Child Health , Disease Outbreaks , Adolescent Health , COVID-19/complicationsABSTRACT
Neste boletim são apresentados: situação mundial, ocorrência de hospitalizações confirmadas para sars-cov-2, perfil das pessoas, distribuição espacial, Síndrome Inflamatória Multissistêmica Pediátrica (SIM-P), povos indígenas, descrição de surtos, trabalhadores da saúde, Vigilância sentinela de síndrome gripal e tabelas de descrição do surto. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Health Profile , Hospital Mortality/ethnology , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Population Groups/statistics & numerical data , Vaccination Coverage , COVID-19 Testing , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Child Health , Disease Outbreaks , Adolescent Health , COVID-19/complicationsABSTRACT
Neste boletim são apresentados: situação mundial, ocorrência de hospitalizações confirmadas para sars-cov-2, perfil das pessoas, distribuição espacial, Síndrome Inflamatória Multissistêmica Pediátrica (SIM-P), povos indígenas, descrição de surtos, trabalhadores da saúde, Vigilância sentinela de síndrome gripal e tabelas de descrição do surto. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Health Profile , Hospital Mortality/ethnology , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Population Groups/statistics & numerical data , Vaccination Coverage , COVID-19 Testing , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Child Health , Disease Outbreaks , Adolescent Health , COVID-19/complicationsABSTRACT
Neste boletim são apresentados: situação mundial, ocorrência de hospitalizações confirmadas para sars-cov-2, perfil das pessoas, distribuição espacial, Síndrome Inflamatória Multissistêmica Pediátrica (SIM-P), povos indígenas, descrição de surtos, trabalhadores da saúde, Vigilância sentinela de síndrome gripal e tabelas de descrição do surto. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Health Profile , Hospital Mortality/ethnology , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Population Groups/statistics & numerical data , Vaccination Coverage , COVID-19 Testing , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Child Health , Disease Outbreaks , Adolescent Health , COVID-19/complicationsABSTRACT
Neste boletim são apresentados: situação mundial, ocorrência de hospitalizações confirmadas para sars-cov-2, perfil das pessoas, distribuição espacial, Síndrome Inflamatória Multissistêmica Pediátrica (SIM-P), povos indígenas, descrição de surtos, trabalhadores da saúde, Vigilância sentinela de síndrome gripal e tabelas de descrição do surto. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Health Profile , Hospital Mortality/ethnology , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Population Groups/statistics & numerical data , Vaccination Coverage , COVID-19 Testing , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Child Health , Disease Outbreaks , Adolescent Health , COVID-19/complicationsABSTRACT
Neste boletim são apresentados: situação mundial, ocorrência de hospitalizações confirmadas para sars-cov-2, perfil das pessoas, distribuição espacial, Síndrome Inflamatória Multissistêmica Pediátrica (SIM-P), povos indígenas, descrição de surtos, trabalhadores da saúde, Vigilância sentinela de síndrome gripal e tabelas de descrição do surto. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Health Profile , Hospital Mortality/ethnology , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Population Groups/statistics & numerical data , Vaccination Coverage , COVID-19 Testing , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Child Health , Disease Outbreaks , Adolescent Health , COVID-19/complicationsABSTRACT
Neste boletim são apresentados: situação mundial, ocorrência de hospitalizações confirmadas para sars-cov-2, perfil das pessoas, distribuição espacial, Síndrome Inflamatória Multissistêmica Pediátrica (SIM-P), povos indígenas, descrição de surtos, trabalhadores da saúde, Vigilância sentinela de síndrome gripal e tabelas de descrição do surto. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Health Profile , Hospital Mortality/ethnology , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Population Groups/statistics & numerical data , Vaccination Coverage , COVID-19 Testing , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Child Health , Disease Outbreaks , Adolescent Health , COVID-19/complicationsABSTRACT
Neste boletim são apresentados: situação mundial, ocorrência de hospitalizações confirmadas para sars-cov-2, perfil das pessoas, distribuição espacial, Síndrome Inflamatória Multissistêmica Pediátrica (SIM-P), povos indígenas, descrição de surtos, trabalhadores da saúde, Vigilância sentinela de síndrome gripal e tabelas de descrição do surto. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Health Profile , Hospital Mortality/ethnology , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Population Groups/statistics & numerical data , Vaccination Coverage , COVID-19 Testing , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Child Health , Disease Outbreaks , Adolescent Health , COVID-19/complicationsABSTRACT
Neste boletim são apresentados: situação mundial, ocorrência de hospitalizações confirmadas para sars-cov-2, perfil das pessoas, distribuição espacial, Síndrome Inflamatória Multissistêmica Pediátrica (SIM-P), povos indígenas, descrição de surtos, trabalhadores da saúde, Vigilância sentinela de síndrome gripal e tabelas de descrição do surto. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Health Profile , Hospital Mortality/ethnology , Population Groups/statistics & numerical data , Vaccination Coverage , COVID-19 Testing , COVID-19/epidemiology , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Child Health/statistics & numerical data , Disease Outbreaks , Adolescent Health/statistics & numerical data , COVID-19/complicationsABSTRACT
Neste boletim são apresentados: situação mundial, ocorrência de hospitalizações confirmadas para sars-cov-2, perfil das pessoas, distribuição espacial, Síndrome Inflamatória Multissistêmica Pediátrica (SIM-P), povos indígenas, descrição de surtos, trabalhadores da saúde, Vigilância sentinela de síndrome gripal e tabelas de descrição do surto. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Health Profile , Hospital Mortality/ethnology , Population Groups/statistics & numerical data , Vaccination Coverage , COVID-19 Testing , COVID-19/epidemiology , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Child Health/statistics & numerical data , Disease Outbreaks , Adolescent Health/statistics & numerical data , COVID-19/complicationsABSTRACT
Neste boletim são apresentados: situação mundial, ocorrência de hospitalizações confirmadas para sars-cov-2, perfil das pessoas, distribuição espacial, Síndrome Inflamatória Multissistêmica Pediátrica (SIM-P), povos indígenas, descrição de surtos, trabalhadores da saúde, Vigilância sentinela de síndrome gripal e tabelas de descrição do surto. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Health Profile , Hospital Mortality/ethnology , Population Groups/statistics & numerical data , Vaccination Coverage , COVID-19 Testing , COVID-19/epidemiology , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Child Health/statistics & numerical data , Disease Outbreaks , Adolescent Health/statistics & numerical data , COVID-19/complicationsABSTRACT
Neste boletim são apresentados: situação mundial, ocorrência de hospitalizações confirmadas para sars-cov-2, perfil das pessoas, distribuição espacial, Síndrome Inflamatória Multissistêmica Pediátrica (SIM-P), povos indígenas, descrição de surtos, trabalhadores da saúde, Vigilância sentinela de síndrome gripal e tabelas de descrição do surto. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Health Profile , Hospital Mortality/ethnology , Population Groups/statistics & numerical data , Vaccination Coverage , COVID-19 Testing , COVID-19/epidemiology , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Child Health/statistics & numerical data , Disease Outbreaks , Adolescent Health/statistics & numerical data , COVID-19/complicationsABSTRACT
Neste boletim são apresentados: situação mundial, ocorrência de hospitalizações confirmadas para sars-cov-2, perfil das pessoas, distribuição espacial, Síndrome Inflamatória Multissistêmica Pediátrica (SIM-P), povos indígenas, descrição de surtos, trabalhadores da saúde, Vigilância sentinela de síndrome gripal e tabelas de descrição do surto. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Health Profile , Hospital Mortality/ethnology , Health Personnel/statistics & numerical data , Sentinel Surveillance , Population Groups/statistics & numerical data , COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing , COVID-19 Serological Testing , COVID-19/epidemiology , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Child Health/statistics & numerical data , Disease Outbreaks , Adolescent Health/statistics & numerical data , Health of Indigenous Peoples/statistics & numerical data , COVID-19/complicationsABSTRACT
Neste boletim são apresentados: situação mundial, ocorrência de hospitalizações confirmadas para sars-cov-2, perfil das pessoas, distribuição espacial, Síndrome Inflamatória Multissistêmica Pediátrica (SIM-P), povos indígenas, descrição de surtos, trabalhadores da saúde, Vigilância sentinela de síndrome gripal e tabelas de descrição do surto. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Hospital Mortality/ethnology , Population Groups/statistics & numerical data , Vaccination Coverage/statistics & numerical data , COVID-19 Testing , COVID-19/complications , COVID-19/epidemiology , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Child Health/statistics & numerical data , Disease Outbreaks , Adolescent Health/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
Neste boletim são apresentados: situação mundial, ocorrência de hospitalizações confirmadas para sars-cov-2, perfil das pessoas, distribuição espacial, Síndrome Inflamatória Multissistêmica Pediátrica (SIM-P), povos indígenas, descrição de surtos, trabalhadores da saúde, Vigilância sentinela de síndrome gripal e tabelas de descrição do surto. (AU)
Subject(s)
Hospital Mortality/ethnology , Population Groups/statistics & numerical data , Vaccination Coverage/statistics & numerical data , COVID-19 Testing , COVID-19/epidemiology , Child Health/statistics & numerical data , Disease Outbreaks , Adolescent Health/statistics & numerical data , COVID-19/complicationsABSTRACT
Objectives. To report trends in mortality rates, mortality rate ratios (MRRs), and causes of death among people experiencing homelessness (PEH) in Los Angeles County, California, by using annual point-in-time homeless counts and to compare findings to published longitudinal cohort studies of homeless mortality. Methods. We enumerated homeless deaths and determined causes by using 2015-2019 medical examinerâcoroner data matched to death certificate data. We estimated midyear homeless population denominators by averaging consecutive January point-in-time homeless counts. We used annual demographic surveys of PEH to estimate age- and gender-adjusted MRRs. We identified comparison studies through a literature review. Results. Mortality rates increased from 2015 to 2019. Drug overdose was the leading cause of death. Mortality was higher among White than among Black and Latino PEH. Compared with the general population, MRRs ranged from 2.8 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.7, 3.0) for all causes to 35.1 (95% CI = 31.9, 38.4) for drug overdose. Crude mortality rates and all-cause MRRs from comparison cohort studies were similar to those in the current study. Conclusions. These methods can be adapted by other urban jurisdictions seeking to better understand and reduce mortality in their homeless populations. (Am J Public Health. 2021;111(12):2212-2222. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306502).
