Subject(s)
Capripoxvirus , Milk , Poxviridae Infections/veterinary , Sheep Diseases/economics , Sheep Diseases/epidemiology , Animals , Cell Count/veterinary , Disease Outbreaks/economics , Disease Outbreaks/veterinary , Female , Israel/epidemiology , Lactation/physiology , Male , Milk/cytology , Milk/metabolism , Milk/virology , Poxviridae Infections/economics , Poxviridae Infections/epidemiology , Poxviridae Infections/mortality , Seasons , Sheep , Sheep Diseases/mortality , Sheep Diseases/pathology , Survival AnalysisABSTRACT
A survey of sheep and goat producers in the state of Maharashtra, India, was undertaken to ascertain the extent and economic impact of sheep pox and goat pox (SGP). One thousand one hundred and sixteen owners were interviewed. Eighty owners (7.2%) reported that they had experienced an outbreak of the disease in the previous 6 years. The results showed that, while producers ranked SGP below other infectious diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease, rinderpest and enterotoxaemia, when SGP occurred it had a major impact, with average morbidity and mortality rates of 63.5% and 49.5%, respectively. Modelling studies suggested it would take about 6 years for a flock or herd to recover from an outbreak, with average annual losses in income of 30-43%, depending on flock type and the owner's actions. Statewide, it is estimated that around 5000 flocks and herds are affected by SGP annually in Maharashtra, costing up to INR 107.5 million. The highest losses occurred in the Aurangabad region.
Subject(s)
Goat Diseases/epidemiology , Poxviridae Infections/veterinary , Poxviridae/pathogenicity , Sheep Diseases/epidemiology , Animal Husbandry , Animals , Cross-Sectional Studies , Disease Outbreaks/economics , Disease Outbreaks/veterinary , Female , Goat Diseases/economics , Goat Diseases/virology , Goats , India/epidemiology , Male , Models, Economic , Poxviridae Infections/economics , Poxviridae Infections/epidemiology , Poxviridae Infections/virology , Prevalence , Rural Population , Sheep , Sheep Diseases/economics , Sheep Diseases/virology , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Recent international initiatives for disease control suggest that, in the future, the consequences for trade of an exotic disease outbreak may not be as severe as estimated in the past. If zoning were to be accepted by Australia's trading partners, then the major effects may be felt at the regional rather than the national level. A study, using an integrated epidemiological/economic model, was undertaken to compare the impacts of 3 important exotic diseases (foot-and-mouth disease, classical swine fever and sheep pox) in 3 different regions of Australia. The study demonstrated that there are significant differences between the size and effect of different disease outbreaks. Regional factors influence not only the way that the disease will spread and manifest itself, but also the effects on local communities. Foot-and-mouth disease caused more economic losses than sheep pox or classical swine fever. The major determinant of differences in the effects of the diseases between regions was the nature of the regional economies. The less diversified the economy, the greater the effect of an exotic disease outbreak in relation to the size of that economy.
