What predicts regression from pre-diabetes to normal glucose regulation following a primary care nurse-delivered dietary intervention? A study protocol for a prospective cohort study.

INTRODUCTION: Pre-diabetes is a high-risk state for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease. Regression to normoglycaemia, even if transient, significantly reduces the risk of developing T2DM. The primary aim of this mixed-methods study is to determine if there are clinically relevant differences among those with pre-diabetes and excess weight who regress to normoglycaemia, those who have persistent pre-diabetes and those who progress to T2DM following participation in a 6-month primary care nurse-delivered pre-diabetes dietary intervention. Incidence of T2DM at 2 years will be examined. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Four hundred participants with pre-diabetes (New Zealand definition glycated haemoglobin 41-49 mmol/mol) and a body mass index >25 kg/m2 will be recruited through eight primary care practices in Hawke's Bay, New Zealand. Trained primary care nurses will deliver a 6-month structured dietary intervention, followed by quarterly reviews for 18 months post-intervention. Clinical data, data on lifestyle factors and health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) and blood samples will be collected at baseline, 6 months, 12 months and 24 months. Sixty participants purposefully selected will complete a semi-structured interview following the 6-month intervention. Poisson regression with robust standard errors and clustered by practice will be used to identify predictors of regression or progression at 6 months, and risk factors for developing T2DM at 2 years. Qualitative data will be analysed thematically. Changes in HR-QoL will be described and potential cost savings will be estimated from a funder's perspective at 2 years. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study was approved by the Northern A Health and Disability Ethics Committee, New Zealand (Ethics Reference: 17/NTA/24). Study results will be presented to participants, published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at relevant conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ACTRN12617000591358; Pre-results.

Prediabetes: A wake-up call.

Prediabetes continues to be a national and worldwide health concern, affecting 84 million adults in the US. Early identification and intervention have been successful in delaying and/or preventing the progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). To curb the increasing prevalence of T2DM, recognizing the importance of identifying and managing prediabetes is paramount.

Combating insulin resistance with the paleo diet.

Lifestyle changes that include adopting a healthy diet, such as the paleo diet, can help prevent prediabetes and T2DM. This article explores the potential benefits of replacing low-calorie diets with the paleo diet. As primary care providers, NPs are positioned to help inform patients, particularly those with prediabetes and T2DM, about healthy lifestyle choices and provide them with resources to achieve weight loss success.

Prediabetes: Early identification and management.

Prediabetes continues to be a national and worldwide health concern, affecting 84 million adults in the US. Early identification and intervention have been successful in delaying and/or preventing the progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Nonpharmacologic treatment of prediabetes is paramount, although pharmacologic treatment is appropriate in high-risk patients. In an attempt to curb the increasing prevalence of T2DM, recognizing the importance of identifying and managing prediabetes should remain in the national healthcare forefront.

Review of 2017 Diabetes Standards of Care.

Diabetes is a complex medical condition that requires evidence-based care. This article discusses the current diabetes screening, diagnostic criteria, and treatment recommendations for patients with type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, and prediabetes.

Prediabetes: Beyond the Borderline.

Prediabetes is a complex multifactorial metabolic disorder that extends beyond glucose control. Current studies have found that microvascular disease (neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy), macrovascular disease (stroke, coronary artery disease, and peripheral vascular disease), periodontal disease, cognitive dysfunction, blood pressure changes, obstructive sleep apnea, low testosterone level, fatty liver disease, and cancer are some of conditions that are present with the onset of glycemic dysregulation. The presence of prediabetes increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes 3-fold to 10-fold. The identification and treatment of prediabetes are imperative to prevent or delay the progression to type 2 diabetes.

Prediabetes: What Nurses Need to Know.

Many at risk for type 2 diabetes can prevent or delay it with dietary and activity-level changes.

Pre-diabetes and capturing opportunities to raise awareness.

This article explores the high risk of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in adults over 18 years of age and recognises, through the literature, the potential role for nurses in engagement with diabetes prevention strategies in their everyday practice. It considers the latest international projections for diabetes, a critical review of evidence of how diabetes can be prevented and how effective methods of detection of pre-diabetes can be employed with every clinical encounter with adults who perhaps previously were not considered to be 'at risk' of developing type 2 diabetes. Effective consultation approaches to raise diabetes awareness within populations and to enable tailored approaches to public health lifestyle advice are explored, to encourage each practitioner to 'think diabetes' in every clinical encounter.

Action research led to a feasible lifestyle intervention in general practice for people with prediabetes.

AIM: To develop and pilot a feasible lifestyle intervention for people with prediabetes tailored for general practice. The study was designed to explore (i) what resources and competencies would be required and (ii) which intervention components should be included. METHODS: In the first of two action research cycles various interventions were explored in general practice. The second cycle tested the intervention described by the end of the first cycle. In total, 64 patients, 8 GPs and 10 nurses participated. RESULTS: An intervention comprising six consultations to be delivered during the first year after identified prediabetes was found feasible by the general practice staff in terms of resources. Practice nurses possessed the adequate competences to undertake the core part of the intervention. The intervention comprised fixed elements according to structure, time consumption and educational principles, and flexible elements according to educational material and focus points for behaviour change. Clinical relevant reductions in patients' BMI and HbA1c were found. CONCLUSION: A prediabetes lifestyle intervention for Danish general practice with potential for diabetes prevention was developed based on action research. The transferability of the developed intervention to other general practices depends on the GPs priorities, availability of practice nurses to deliver the core part, and the remuneration system for general practice. The long-term feasibility in larger patient populations is unknown.

Hitting the target for inpatient glycemic management.

Hyperglycemia in the hospital setting can lead to increased morbidity and mortality. Many factors can influence glucose levels including critical illness, supplemental feeding, and glucocorticoid administration. An understanding of glycemic treatment options for hospitalized patients is essential for good patient outcomes.

Diabetes Mellitus en personas mayores / Diabetes mellitus in the elderly

En España [1, 2] se estima que la prevalencia total de diabetes mellitus (DM) es del 6-10%. Si se tiene en cuenta a la población mayor de 65 años la prevalencia llega al 10-15%, y en mayores de 80 años se sitúa en el 20%. La ancianidad [2] constituye un periodo de la vida humana caracterizado por la progresiva declinación de facultades y por la involución orgánica. Esto significa que durante esta etapa se produce una disminución de las posibilidades de adaptación personal y una ralentización y menor sensibilidad de la homeostasis(AU)

In Spain [1-2] is estimated that the overall prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is 6 to 10%. Taking into account the population older than 65 years the prevalence reaches 10-15%, and those over age 80 years is 20%. The old [2] is a period of life characterized by progressive decline of authority and organizational involution. This means that during this stage there is a decline in the personal adjustment and a slowdown and lower sensitivity of homeostasis(AU)