ABSTRACT
En la España de la Restauración, la novela naturalista y la prensa anticlerical insistían en que la causa principal de la depravación sexual de los sacerdotes era el voto de castidad. ¿En qué medida las tecnologías de saber y de poder médicos de la época permitían defender esa tesis? Este es el asunto abordado en el artículo. En primer lugar se examinan los antecedentes ilustrados de la ofensiva higienista contra el celibato sexual. En segundo lugar se analiza la controversia suscitada por Monlau con su defensa higiénica de la castidad sexual. Los argumentos de Monlau tienen lugar en un contexto de propaganda a favor del celibato suscitada por la Iglesia Católica. En tercer lugar se exploran los argumentos médicos que conectaban causalmente la continencia absoluta con las desviaciones sexuales, en particular la pederastia. Por último se indican las circunstancias que, a comienzos del siglo XX, llevaron a reactivar la defensa médica de la abstinencia sexual entre los jóvenes, anunciando un nuevo prototipo de masculinidad
In the Spain of the Restoration, the naturalist novel and the anticlerical press insisted that the main cause of the sexual depravity of priests was the vow of chastity. To what extent the technologies of knowledge and medical power of the time allowed to defend that thesis? This is the issue addressed in the article. First, we examine the enlightened background of the hygienist offensive against sexual celibacy. Secondly, the controversy raised by Monlau with his hygienic defense of sexual chastity is analyzed. The arguments of Monlau take place in a context of propaganda in favor of celibacy raised by the Spanish Catholic Church. Third, the medical arguments that causally connected absolute continence with sexual deviations, particularly "pederasty", are explored. Finally, we indicate the circumstances that, at the beginning of the 20th century, led to reactivate the medical defense of sexual abstinence among young people, announcing a new pattern of masculinity
Subject(s)
Humans , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Sexual Abstinence/history , Religion/history , Sexual Behavior/history , Paraphilic Disorders/history , Anemia, Hypochromic/complications , Anemia, Hypochromic/pathology , Mental Health/history , Priapism/historySubject(s)
Patient Care Management , History, 15th Century , History, 16th Century , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, Ancient , History, Medieval , Humans , Male , Patient Care Management/history , Patient Care Management/methods , Priapism/history , Priapism/physiopathology , Priapism/therapyABSTRACT
Since ancient times, physicians of antiquity noted the occurrence of priapism in some spinal cord injuries. Although priests saw it as a consequence of curses and witchcraft, after clinical observations of the Middle Ages and Renaissance, the first medical hypotheses emerged in the 17th-19th centuries completed and argued by neuroscience and neurology developed in the European laboratories and hospitals. This study aims to present a short overview of the history of clinical observations of posttraumatic male priapism after spinal cord injuries since antiquity until the beginning of the 20th century.
Subject(s)
Priapism/history , Spinal Cord Injuries/history , Europe , History, 15th Century , History, 16th Century , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, Ancient , History, Medieval , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
La Historia de la Urología comienza con documentos escritos que hacen referencia expresa a procedimientos, prácticas y descripciones de procesos mórbidos relacionados con el aparato urinario y genital masculino. Curiosamente, durante la época prehistórica más reciente, el Paleolítico superior (desde hace aproximadamente 40.000 a 12.000 años; la época más larga desde que nuestra especie entra en escena en la historia de la humanidad) tiene también documentos gráficos que expresan cómo el hombre entendía los fenómenos fisiológicos y cómo observaba los procesos patológicos de su organismo. Las representaciones con genitalidad expresa permiten inferir el significado de la erección desde la mentalidad paleolítica, e incluso la posible existencia de una cultura de retracción prepucial o de ritos de circuncisión. Patologías de índice urológico como la fimosis, la parafimosis, la supuración, el priapismo e incluso masa escrotal, aparecen representadas en dicha época y constituyen los primeros indicios de lo que podemos denominar un saber urológico primitivo
The history of urology starts with written documents making express reference to procedures, practices and descriptions of morbid processes related with the male genitourinary tract. Oddly, the most recent prehistoric period, the superior Paleolithic (from approximately 40.000 years to 12.000 years ago; the longest period since our species entered the history of humanity) also has graphic documents expressing how the human being understood the physiologic phenomena and how he observed the pathologic processes of this organism. The representations with genitality expressions enable us to understand the meaning of erection from the Paleolithic perspective, and even the possible existence of a culture based on preputial retraction or rituals of circumcision. Several urologic disorders such us phimosis, paraphimosis, discharge, priapism, and even scrotal mass appear represented at that time and constitute the first sign of knowledge of what can be called primitive urologic knowledge
Subject(s)
History, Medieval , History, Ancient , Urology/history , Penile Erection/physiology , Phimosis/history , Suppuration/history , Priapism/history , Art/history , Sexuality/history , Testicular Diseases/history , Urology/methods , Testis/physiology , Reproductive HistorySubject(s)
Mythology , Priapism/history , Terminology as Topic , History, Ancient , Humans , Male , Priapism/psychologyABSTRACT
High-flow priapism caused by a pathological arterial influx to the cavernous bodies was first described by F.B. Burt in 1960. The pathophysiological differentiation of high- and low-flow priapism was developed in 1983. The development of diagnostic tools for differentiation of different forms of priapism and the progress in the therapy of high-flow priapism from arterial ligation to supraselective embolization is presented.
Subject(s)
Famous Persons , Music/history , Priapism/history , Europe , History, 15th Century , History, 16th Century , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, Ancient , History, Medieval , Humans , Male , United StatesSubject(s)
Leeching/history , Priapism/history , History, 19th Century , Humans , Male , Paintings , Priapism/therapyABSTRACT
PURPOSE: While a modest amount of medical literature has been written on the topic of priapism, reports heretofore have focused predominantly on diagnostic and management related aspects of the disorder, providing meager information in regard to its pathophysiology. Accordingly the intent of this review was to explore the etiological and pathogenic factors involved in priapism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The review entailed an overview of traditional and modern concepts that have been applied to the pathophysiology of priapism and an evaluation of assorted observational and experimental data relating to this field of study. The basic exercise consisted of a literature search using the National Library of Medicine PubMed Services, index referencing provided through the Historical Collection of the Institute of Medicine of The Johns Hopkins University and a survey of abstract proceedings from national meetings relevant to priapism. RESULTS: Insight into the pathophysiology of priapism was derived from a synthesis of evolutionary clinical experiences, mythical beliefs, clinical variants and scientific advances associated with the field of priapism. The results can be summarized. 1) Clinicopathological manifestations of priapism support its basic classification into low flow (ischemic) and high flow (nonischemic) hemodynamic categories, commonly attributed to venous outflow occlusion and unregulated arterial overflow of the penis, respectively. 2) Factual information is insufficient to substantiate etiological roles for urethral infection, bladder distention, failed ejaculation, satyriasis and sleep apnea in priapism. 3) Features of the variant forms of priapism invoke changes in nervous system control of erection and penile vascular homeostasis as having pathogenic roles in the disorder. 4) Clinical therapeutic and basic science investigative studies have revealed various effector mechanisms of the erectile tissue response that may act in dysregulated fashion to subserve priapism. CONCLUSIONS: This exercise suggested that, while priapism is commonly defined in terms of adverse mechanical contexts affecting penile circulation, it may also be viewed at least in some situations as an unbalanced erectile response involving derangements in possibly diverse systems of regulatory control. An integrative scientific approach that encompasses tissular, cellular and molecular levels of investigation may allow further understanding of the pathophysiology of the disorder. Ongoing elucidation of this pathophysiology can be expected to promote the development of new priapism therapies.
Subject(s)
Penile Erection/physiology , Priapism/physiopathology , Greece, Ancient , Hemodynamics , History, Ancient , Homeostasis , Humans , Male , Penis/blood supply , Penis/innervation , Priapism/etiology , Priapism/historyABSTRACT
Priapism is known from egyptian antiquity, but greek doctors give the name of god Priape, to this pathology. The physiopathology is controversial, between Paré and the authors of Middle age tradition medical. The treatment is at first the use of quack medicines, and the Velpeau used surgery.
