ABSTRACT
Poly(glutamic acid) (P-GLU)/carboxyl functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-COOH)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) has been successfully prepared and the electrochemical behavior of procaterol hydrochloride (ProH) was studied. The results show that the as-prepared modified electrode exhibits a good electrocatalytic property towards the oxidation of ProH in 0.2M phosphate buffer solution (PBS) (pH 6.0) due to the enhanced oxidation peak current at ~+0.59V. Under optimal reaction conditions, the oxidation peak current of ProH is proportional to its concentration in the linear dynamic ranges of 0.060 - 8.0µM (R = 0.9974), with a detection limit of 8.0 × 10-9M. Finally, this method was efficiently used for the determination of ProH in tablets and human urine with recoveries of 88.5~98.7% and 89.2 ~ 108.0%, respectively.
Subject(s)
Electrochemistry/instrumentation , Glass/chemistry , Glutamic Acid/chemistry , Nanotubes, Carbon/chemistry , Polyglutamic Acid/chemistry , Polyvinyl Alcohol/chemistry , Procaterol/analysis , Electrodes , Humans , Models, Molecular , Molecular Conformation , Polymerization , Procaterol/urineABSTRACT
Based on the strong enhancement effect of procaterol hydrochloride on the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of Ru(bpy)32+ (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) in an alkaline H3 PO4 -NaOH buffer solution on a bare Pt electrode, a simple, rapid and sensitive method was developed for the determination of procaterol hydrochloride. The optimum conditions for the enhanced ECL have been developed in detail in this work. Under optimum conditions, the logarithmic ECL enhancement vs. the logarithmic concentration of procaterol hydrochloride is linear over a wide concentration range of 2.0 × 10-7 to 2.0 × 10-4 M (r = 0.9976), with a limit of detection of 1.1 × 10-8 M (S/N = 3), and a relative standard deviation of 2.1% (n = 7, c = 5.0 × 10-6 M). The proposed method was applied to the determination of this drug in tablets with recoveries of 89.7%-98.5%. In addition, a possible mechanism for the enhanced ECL of Ru(bpy)32+ , which is caused by ProH, has also been proposed.
Subject(s)
Luminescent Measurements/methods , Organometallic Compounds/chemistry , Procaterol/analysis , Procaterol/chemistry , 2,2'-Dipyridyl/chemistry , Electrochemical Techniques/instrumentation , Electrochemical Techniques/methods , Electrodes , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Limit of Detection , Ruthenium/chemistry , Tablets/analysis , Tablets/chemistryABSTRACT
Procaterol hydrochloride (Prh) can inhibit KClO3 oxidation of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) to form a non-phosphorescent compound, which causes room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) of FITC in the system to enhance sharply the linear relationship between ∆Ip and the Prh content. Thus, a rapid response and highly sensitive phosphorescence sensor for the determination of Prh has been developed based on the inhibiting effect of Prh on KClO3 oxidation of FITC. This simple, high sensitivity (detection limit (LD) calculated by 3Sb /k was 0.019 fg/spot, sample volume 0.40 µl, corresponding concentration 4.8 × 10(-14) g ml(-1) ) and selective sensor with a wide linear range (0.080-11.20 g/spot) has been applied to detect Prh in blood samples, and the results were consistent with those obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Simultaneously, the mechanism of the phosphorescence sensor for the detection of Prh was also investigated using infrared spectroscopy.
Subject(s)
Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate/chemistry , Luminescent Measurements/methods , Procaterol/analysis , Procaterol/pharmacology , Animals , Chlorates/chemistry , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Fluorescent Dyes/chemistry , Humans , Limit of Detection , Oxidation-Reduction , Procaterol/blood , Procaterol/urine , Sensitivity and Specificity , Spectrophotometry, Infrared , Sus scrofaABSTRACT
A novel space- and time-resolved photo-induced chemiluminescence (PICL) analytical method was developed based on the photocatalysis of the Co2+-doped TiO2 nanoparticles. The PICL reaction procedure under the photocatalysis of Co2+-doped TiO2 nanoparticles was investigated using cyclic voltammetry and potentiometry. Meanwhile, the effect of the electrical double layer outside the Co2+-doped TiO2 nanoparticles on the PICL was investigated by contrasting with the Co2+-doped TiO2-SiO2 core-shell nanoparticles. Significantly, the CL intensity increased apparently and the time of the CL was prolonged in the presence of procaterol hydrochloride because the mechanism of the enhanced PICL reaction may be modified. The route of the PICL was changed due to the participation of the procaterol hydrochloride enriched at the surface of the Co2+-doped TiO2-SiO2 in the PICL reaction, which prolonged the time of the CL reaction and resulted in the long-term PICL. The analytical characteristics of the proposed in-situ PICL method were investigated using the procaterol hydrochloride as the model analyte. The investigation results showed that this new PICL analytical method offered higher sensitivity to the analysis of the procaterol hydrochloride and the PICL intensity was linear with the concentration of the procaterol hydrochloride in the range from ca. 2.0 x 10(-10) to 1.0 x 10(-8) g mL(-1).
Subject(s)
Cobalt/chemistry , Luminescent Measurements/methods , Nanoparticles/chemistry , Photochemical Processes , Titanium/chemistry , Diffusion , Electrochemistry , Kinetics , Luminescent Measurements/instrumentation , Oxygen/chemistry , Potentiometry , Procaterol/analysis , Surface Properties , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) with UV detection for the simultaneous and short-time analysis of clenbuterol, salbutamol, procaterol, fenoterol is described and validated. Optimized conditions were found to be a 10 mmoll(-1) borate buffer (pH 10.0), an separation voltage of 19 kV, and a separation temperature of 32 degrees C. Detection was set at 205 nm. Under the optimized conditions, analyses of the four analytes in pharmaceutical and human urine samples were carried out in approximately 1 min. The interference of the sample matrix was not observed. The LOD (limits of detection) defined at S/N of 3:1 was found between 0.5 and 2.0 mgl(-1) for the analytes. The linearity of the detector response was within the range from 2.0 to 30 mgl(-1) with correlation coefficient >0.996.
Subject(s)
Adrenergic beta-Agonists/analysis , Adrenergic beta-Agonists/urine , Pharmaceutical Preparations/chemistry , Adrenergic beta-Agonists/chemistry , Adrenergic beta-Agonists/isolation & purification , Albuterol/analysis , Albuterol/chemistry , Albuterol/isolation & purification , Albuterol/urine , Buffers , Clenbuterol/analysis , Clenbuterol/chemistry , Clenbuterol/isolation & purification , Clenbuterol/urine , Electrophoresis, Capillary , Fenoterol/analysis , Fenoterol/chemistry , Fenoterol/isolation & purification , Fenoterol/urine , Humans , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Linear Models , Procaterol/analysis , Procaterol/chemistry , Procaterol/isolation & purification , Procaterol/urine , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity , Temperature , Time Factors , Ultraviolet RaysABSTRACT
A new flow injection chemiluminescences method for the determination of procaterol hydrochloride has been developed. It is based on the chemiluminescence reaction of procaterol hydrochloride with Ce (IV)-rhodamine B in sulphuric-chlorhydric acid medium and the experimental fact of the enhancement of chemiluminescence by surfactant CTMAB. The concentration of the analyte shows a good linear relationship with the produced luminescence intensity in the range of 2.0 x 10(-8) g x mL(-1) to 1.0 x 10(-6) g x mL(-1). The detection limit of the proposed method is 6 x 10(-9) g x mL(-1) and the RSD is 1.6% (n = 11) at 2 x 10(-7) g x mL(-1). This result is satisfactory compared with the method mentioned in the pharmacopoeia of People's Republic of China.
