[Radical prostatectomy through the years]. / Die radikale Prostatektomie im Wandel der Zeit.

The operative aspect of radical prostatectomy has changed dramatically in the past 200 years as significant technological advances have been made, particularly during the past 50 years. The work of Dr. Walsh in the late 1970 s and early 1980 s led to a significant reduction in surgical morbidity and is considered an important milestone of radical prostatectomy, as is the introduction of minimally-invasive (robotic-assisted) surgical techniques. Yet there is no absolute gold standard regarding surgical approaches. Innovative tools, e. g. the addition of "augmented reality", are currently under investigation. This review article for the anniversary issue of "Der Urologe" aims to cover the milestones of the evolution of this "signature" surgery in the field of urology.

Heritage of Stanislaw Ciechanowski (1869-1945)-Discoverer of pathogenesis of prostatic hyperplasia-passionis insignia signis fulgent mirificis .

BACKGROUND: Prostatic enlargement was first correctly recognized as a prostatic hyperplasia by professor of anatomic pathology, Stanislaw Ciechanowski (1869-1945) in Cracow on contrary to Parisian urologist Jean Casimir Félix Guyon's concepts of progressing atherosclerosis as a morphological cause of prostatic overgrowth and mechanical insufficiency of lower urinary tract. METHODS: Primary resources were analyzed about Stanislaw Ciechanowski mainly from depositories of the Section of Special Collection, Stanislaw Konopka Main Medical Library Warsaw and Polish bibliograhy of Estreichers at Jagiellonian University. RESULTS: Professor of anatomic pathology, Stanislaw Ciechanowski (1869-1945) was the first to state that chronic inflammation induced overgrowth of parenchymatous and stromal prostate components in course of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Ciechanowski preformed also pioneer and notable studies in the mechanisms of carcinogenesis and classification of cancer in Poland. As one of the major Polish medical editors and a father of Polish modern medical language he was also very prolific author in the field of congenital pathology, sclerosis of pulmonary arteries, endemic goiter, intestinal emphysema, etc. Due to magnitude of autopsies, he preformed, Stanislaw Ciechanowski was a perfect candidate to complete the first edition of several volumes of main Polish handbook on anatomy of a human body after tragic death of professor Adam Bochenek. CONCLUSIONS: Ciechanowski gained such a high authority, that his opinion was found crucial in prewar Poland in the field of medical publications, but his world-famous achievement was scientific explanation of prostate overgrowth as inflammation induced hyperplasia.

[History of prostatic adenomectomy]. / Histoire de l'adénomectomie prostatique.

Treatment of the prostate hypertrophy has long been limited to that of its complications and particularly to retention linked with congestion of this gland. The different operating techniques appear only in the 19th century in parallel with a better knowledge in the pathogenesis of this gland; the different schools in urology competing with various approaches from perinea to hypogastria surgery. The 21st century and its innovating technologies bring in a new era where the laser and coeliosurgery will find their respective place.

A historical perspective on the role of stroma in the pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

This review summarizes the concept that the neo-formation of ductal-acinar architecture in the pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is due to the reactivation of embryonic inductive activity by BPH stroma, an idea enunciated by John McNeal. The concept is the synthesis of McNeal's astute pathological inference based upon developmental biology and supported by the mesenchymal-epithelial interaction studies. In a broader context, McNeal's concept of framing epithelial pathogenesis in terms of developmental biological principals has been extended more recently into the field of carcinogenesis under the umbrella of tumor microenvironment.

[The 20th anniversary of Urological Center of Main Military Clinical Hospital named after N. N. Burdenko].

In 1988, for the first time according to Directive of Central Command of Armed Forces of USSR in Main Military Clinical Hospital by Burdenko N.N. was founded a interhospital unit - Urological center. The article presents the analyze of work of the Center during 20 years. The most frequent diseases--adenoma of prostate, malignant swelling and benign tumour of urological organs, urolithiasis, traumatic damages of urological organs. During a year 4500-4700 persons are treated, 1450-1500 are operated. Every year 44-77 military medical men are studying, 20-26 clinical attending physicians study for 2 or 3 years. During last 8 years 422 military medical men and 68 clinical attending physicians have studied.

[Historical flashes on prostatic symptoms and urinary retention]. / Flashes históricos sobre el prostatismo y la retención de orina.

OBJECTIVES: To perform a chronological search about symptoms of bladder outlet obstruction of prostatic origin and some of its treatments. METHODS/RESULTS: Over the years we have been collecting data about the topic from books and journals; we present them in such a way that they can be consulted chronologically. From more than 100 references we have selected the 60 most relevant to our judgment. CONCLUSIONS: Many ideas about the syndrome and the way to solve it have arisen, which vary from one time to another. For most urologists, the main operative complication has always been bleeding, leading to the development of a great number of techniques to avoid it. Infection, the other great complication, prompted that initially surgical maneuvers were performed very fastly and with the small incisions. In addition, big drainages were necessary.

Flashes históricos sobre el prostatismo y la retención de orina / Historicla flashes on prostatic symptoms and urinary retention

OBJETIVO: Realizar una búsqueda cronológica sobre la sintomatología obstructiva vesical de origen prostático y algunos de sus tratamientos. MÉTODOS/RESULTADOS: Se han ido recopilando, durante años, datos de libros y revistas que hacen referencia al tema objeto del estudio, presentados de manera que puedan ser consultados cronológicamente. De más de 100 referencias se han seleccionado las sesenta más relevantes a nuestro parecer. CONCLUSIONES: Muchas ideas han surgido sobre este síndrome y la manera de solucionarlo, con variaciones según la época. Para la mayoría de los urólogos, la principal complicación operatoria ha sido siempre la hemorragia, lo que ha motivado el desarrollo de gran cantidad de técnicas para combatirla. La otra gran complicación, la infección, fue motivó de que las maniobras quirúrgicas fueran realizadas, en un principio, con mucha rapidez y pequeñas incisiones. Eran necesarios, además, gruesos drenajes (AU)

OBJECTIVES: To perform a chronological search about symptoms of bladder outlet obstruction of prostatic origin and some of its treatments. METHODS/RESULTS: Over the years we have been collecting data about the topic from books and journals; we present them in such a way that they can be consulted chronologically. From more than 100 references we have selected the 60 most relevant to our judgment. CONCLUSIONS: Many ideas about the syndrome and the way to solve it have arisen, which vary from one time to another. For most urologists, the main operative complication has always been bleeding, leading to the development of a great number of techniques to avoid it. Infection, the other great complication, prompted that initially surgical maneuvers were performed very fastly and with the small incisions. In addition, big drainages were necessary (AU)