Pregnant patient with prune belly syndrome: case report.

Prune belly syndrome is a rare congenital disease of unknown etiology that is present in one in every 40 thousand live births, and predominantly affects males, at a ratio of 4:1. In males, it presents with anomalies in the urinary system, absence of abdominal muscles, bilateral cryptorchidism, and infertility. In women, the syndrome has variable presentations, but fertility is preserved. Searching the medical literature, we found only one case of prune belly syndrome in pregnant women. Therefore, the patient in this report is the second case. She was primiparous, 25-years-old, with no abdominal muscles, severe congenital kyphoscoliosis, and pulmonary restriction. Elective cesarean section was performed at 37 weeks of gestation due to maternal risk of uterine rupture by transverse presentation and fetal risk of intrauterine growth restriction. The pre-anesthetic approach defined that general anesthesia might have more risks for the patient due to severe maternal lung disease compared to ultrasound-guided locoregional anesthesia. During prenatal care, there were some maternal complications, such as asthma exacerbations, abdominal pain, and constipation. The newborn was born small for gestational age and this can possibly be explained by maternal restrictive lung capacity. The newborn presented with Apgar score 8/9 and tachypnea, but improved after two hours of life.

Síndrome de Prune-Belly: presentación de un caso / Prune-Belly Syndrome. Presentation of a case

Introducción: el síndrome Prune-Belly (SPB) o síndrome de "abdomen en ciruela pasa", también conocido como el síndrome de Eagle Barrett, es una forma de uropatía obstructiva fetal (UOF). Su incidencia se calcula entre 1/40 000 y 1/50 000 nacidos vivos. Presentación de caso: es un caso de síndrome de Prune-Belly en un lactante de 36 días de nacido, parto extrahospitalario. Clínicamente presentó abdomen distendido con piel arrugada o en ciruela pasa, criptorquidia bilateral, signos y síntomas de insuficiencia respiratoria. En la ultrasonografía se constató la ausencia de musculatura en la pared abdominal, megacisto, dilatación quística de los uréteres, riñones con cambios quísticos y displásicos. Discusión: en cuanto a la supervivencia, en numerosos estudios se encuentra que el porcentaje de mortalidad en los primeros meses de vida es del 27 por ciento. Está caracterizado por una clásica tríada: ausencia congénita de la musculatura de la pared abdominal; anormalidades del tracto urinario y criptorquidia bilateral, descrita en la literatura revisada, lo que coincide con las características clínicas del caso presentado, con una proporción masculino femenino de 20:1. El mayor riesgo se ha descrito en gemelos y afroamericanos. Conclusiones: está caracterizado por una clásica tríada: ausencia congénita de la musculatura de la pared abdominal; anormalidades del tracto urinario y criptorquidia bilateral. Es más frecuente en el sexo masculino. El diagnóstico del SPB puede realizarse durante la gestación a través de la ecografía obstétrica. La mortalidad en los primeros meses de vida es alta(AU)

Introduction: Prune-Belly syndrome (PBS) or "prune abdomen" syndrome,also known as Eagle Barrett syndrome, is a form of fetal obstructive uropathy (UOF). Its incidence is estimated between 1/40,000 and 1/50,000 live births. Case presentation: it is a case of Prune-Belly syndrome in a 36-day-old infant, out-of-hospital delivery. Clinically, she presented a distended abdomen with wrinkled or prune skin, bilateral cryptorchidism, signs and symptoms of respiratory failure. Ultrasonography revealed the absence of musculature in the abdominal wall, megacyst, cystic dilatation of the ureters, kidneys with cystic and dysplastic changes. Discussion: regarding survival, numerous studies have found that the percentage of mortality in the first months of life is 27 percent. It is characterized by a classic triad: congenital absence of the muscles of the abdominal wall; urinary tract abnormalities and bilateral cryptorchidism, described in the reviewed literature, which coincides with the clinical characteristics of the case presented, with a male-female ratio of 20: 1. The highest risk has been described in twins and African Americans. Conclusions: it is characterized by a classic triad: congenital absence of the muscles of the abdominal wall; urinary tract abnormalities and bilateral cryptorchidism. It is more common in males. The diagnosis of PBS can be made during pregnancy through obstetric ultrasound. Mortality in the first months of life is high(EU)

Síndrome del abdomen en ciruela pasa / Prune belly syndrome

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Seudo síndrome prune belly / Pseudo Prune-belly syndrome

Introducción: El síndrome prune belly es una rara y compleja anomalía congénita y el seudo prune belly es aún más raro y en muchas ocasiones no se diagnostica como tal. Objetivo: Describir un paciente con las características de este síndrome. Presentación del caso: Feto de sexo masculino que en la semana 23 del embarazo el ultrasonido prenatal detectó dilatación pélvica bilateral y se propuso la interrupción del embarazo que no fue aceptada por los padres. Al nacer se observa criptorquidia bilateral, el ultrasonido renal a las 34 horas de nacido confirma dilatación pélvica bilateral severa, se indica profilaxis con cefalexina, y a los cuatro dias de nacido es enviado a consulta de nefrología. Al llegar a consulta se observa la ausencia de testículos en ambas bolsas escrotales y el ultrasonido abdominal a los 16 dias confirma dilatación pélvica renal derecha severa y uréter dilatado en su tercio superior con 6 mm de diámetro y ureteropielocaliectasia severa del lado izquierdo; no se visualiza testículo derecho y el izquierdo en canal inguinal mide 7 × 10 mm. La gammagrafía estática demostró hipocaptación marcada del radiofármaco por el riñón izquierdo y disminución de la función renal relativa y en la uretrocistografía miccional se encontró dilatación vesical y reflujo vesicoureteral con ureterohidronefrosis bilateral. Conclusiones: El seudo síndrome prune belly presenta alteraciones complejas del tracto urinario que son las que establecen el pronóstico en estos casos(AU)

Introduction: Prune belly syndrome is a rare and complex congenital anomaly and the pseudo prune belly is even rarer and often not diagnosed as such. Objective: To describe a patient with the characteristics of this syndrome. Presentation of the case: Male fetus that in the 23rd week of pregnancy it was detected a bilateral pelvic dilatation in the prenatal ultrasound; and it was proposed the termination of pregnancy which was not accepted by the parents. At birth it is observed bilateral cryptorchidism; the renal ultrasound at 34 hours after birth confirmed bilateral severe pelvic dilation, it is indicated prophylaxis with cephalexin, and at four days after birth, the newborn is remitted to the Nephrology consultation. In the consultation it was noticed the absence of scrotal sacs in both testicles and the abdominal ultrasound at 16 days after birth confirmed severe right renal pelvic dilatation and dilated ureter in its upper third with 6 mm of diameter and severe uretero-pielocaliectasy in the left side; it is not visualized the right testicle and the left in the inguinal channel measured 7 × 10 mm. Static scintigraphy showed marked hypocaptation of the radiopharmaceutical by the left kidney and decreased relative renal function, and in the voiding cystourethrogram it was found bladder dilation and vesicoureteral reflux with bilateral ureterohydronephrosis. Conclusions: The pseudo prune belly syndrome presents complex abnormalities of the urinary tract that are those which establish the prognosis in these cases(AU)

An Autopsy Case Report: Prune Belly Syndrome with Overlapping Presentation of Partial Urorectal Septum Malformation Sequence.

Prune belly syndrome (PBS) is characterized by a classical triad of congenitally absent abdominal muscles, bilateral cryptorchidism, and a malformed urinary tract. Urorectal septum malformation sequence (URSM) is identified with the absence of urogenital and anal openings. This case report describes a 15-week-old female fetus with megacystis, ascites and oligohydramnios in a 19-year-old nulliparous woman. The patient underwent preterm labor at the 33rd gestational week and delivered a female newborn weighing 2250 grams who died three days later due to progressive respiratory insufficiency. To the best of our knowledge, this is the third case of an overlap between PBS and URSM in literature. Such an overlap refers to the existence of left renal agenesis, right renal cystic dysplasia, bilateral club foot and lumbar scoliosis as well as the absence of abdominal wall muscles, internal genital organs, urethral, vaginal and anal openings. This case report aims to remind the obstetricians about the concurrent occurrence of PBS with URSM and its poor prognosis.

Long term follow-up in a patient with prune-belly syndrome - a care compliant case report.

RATIONALE: Malformative uropathies represent a major cause of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in children. Genitourinary system is the most frequent and sever affected in Prune-Belly syndrome cases. That is why the findings of early diagnosis and vigilant monitoring for these situations remain a major challenge for the medical team. PATIENT CONCERNS: We present the clinical course of a 10 years old child with diagnosis of Prune-Belly syndrome. A urinary tract abnormality was suspected starting 25 weeks of gestation, when a routine ultrasound showed oligohydramnios, increased size urinary bladder, bilateral hydronephrosis and megaureters, thin abdominal wall. DIAGNOSIS: Prenatal suspicion of Prune-Belly syndrome plays a deciding role in renal disease progression. A detailed clinical exam at birth established the diagnosis of Prune-Belly syndrome. Renal ultrasound confirmed bilateral grade III hydronephrosis and megaureters, with empty bladder, suggesting an obstruction at this level. A persistent urachus was confirmed by catheterization. Later it was used for imaging study that showed bilateral high grade reflux. INTERVENTIONS: The main goal of any treatment is to preserve kidney function. Treatment options depend on the clinical picture. The pregnancy was closely monitorized, but fetal distress appeared so early labor was induced at 32 weeks. At beginning a temporary catheter was placed into the urachus which expressed urine. The urachus drain was left in place until the age of 6 weeks, when a bilateral ureterostomy was performed. Skeletal and genital malformations were present too; the child has undergone several surgeries to solve these abnormalities. OUTCOMES: At the age of 10 years, he is a well-adapted child. He has had fewer than 3 urinary tract infections per year. Long term follow-up showed a relatively slow decline in the estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in our child (62 ml/1.73m/min). LESSONS: This case suggests that induced early labor could prove beneficial for early upper urinary tract decompression through earlier access to surgery. This is an option especially in situations or region where vesicoureteric or vesicoamniotic shunt placement is not available.

Challenging diagnosis of prune belly syndrome antenatally: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Prune belly syndrome is a rare congenital condition of uncertain etiology. It is characterized with a triad of abdominal distension due to deficient abdominal wall, genitourinary tract anomalies, and musculoskeletal anomalies. This condition varies in its severity which makes diagnosis challenging during early antenatal scanning. CASE PRESENTATION: We reported a severe phenotype of prune belly syndrome which was not fully suspected in a 29-year-old Saudi woman was G4T2P0A1L2 at 21 weeks of gestation at the time of early antenatal presentation; however, it became apparent during diagnosis at a subsequent follow-up scan during advanced gestational age. CONCLUSION: We conclude that suspicion of such anomalies through an early antenatal scan require an urgent further follow-up scan in a tertiary center. The referral to the tertiary center must be to an experienced ultrasonographer and maternal-fetal medicine specialist for a decision to be made antenatally regarding the course of pregnancy and post-delivery management based on the severity of the condition.

Differences in Linea Alba Stiffness and Linea Alba Distortion Between Women With and Without Diastasis Recti Abdominis: The Impact of Measurement Site and Task.

BACKGROUND: The biomechanical implications of diastasis recti abdominis (DRA) are unknown. OBJECTIVES: To (1) investigate the impact of DRA, measurement site, and task on inter-rectus distance (IRD), linea alba (LA) stiffness, and LA distortion measured at rest and during head-lift and semi-curl-up tasks; and (2) describe the relationships among IRD, LA stiffness, and LA distortion. METHODS: In this cross-sectional, observational cohort study, brightness-mode ultrasound imaging and shearwave elastography were used on a sample of 20 women. Inter-rectus distance, LA stiffness, and LA distortion were measured at 3 locations, while at rest and during head-lift and semi-curl-up maneuvers. All outcomes were compared between groups (DRA versus no DRA), sites, and tasks. Linear regression models were used to evaluate the relationships among IRD, mean and peak LA stiffness, and LA distortion. RESULTS: Eleven women with and 9 without DRA participated. Women with DRA demonstrated lower peak and mean LA stiffness and higher LA distortion compared to women without DRA. In women with DRA, IRD and LA distortion were not influenced by measurement site; IRD decreased, LA distortion increased, and LA stiffness did not change during the head lift and semi-curl-up compared to rest. In women without DRA, the LA was least stiff closest to the umbilicus; it increased in stiffness during the head lift and semi-curl-up and did not distort or change compared to rest. CONCLUSION: Diastasis recti abdominis was associated with low LA stiffness and with LA distortion during a semi-curl-up task; the amount of distortion was a function of IRD and LA stiffness. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2019;49(9):656-665. Epub 26 Mar 2019. doi:10.2519/jospt.2019.8543.

Further evidence of the etiology of prune belly syndrome provided by a transient massive intraabdominal cyst in a female.

We present a female neonate born with prune belly syndrome (PBS) in whom a large intraabdominal cyst was diagnosed at 12weeks of gestation. Rapid and exponential growth of the cyst caused pressure effects on the intraabdominal organs and stretching of the anterior abdominal wall by 19weeks of gestation. This led to drainage of the massive cyst at 20weeks of gestation to prevent fetal demise. This case provides further clues to the likely etiology of PBS: transient stretching and attenuation of the fetal abdominal wall secondary to gross fetal abdominal distension - from any cause.

Suspected Urine Leak in a Pediatric Renal Transplant Patient With Prune Belly Syndrome.

Patients with prune belly syndrome usually have tortuous ureters, which can cause difficulty in the interpretation of renal scan used to evaluate possible urine leak after renal transplant. We reported a renal scan finding in a pediatric renal transplant patient with prune belly syndrome. The radioactivity in the dilated ureter, which was lateral to the renal transplant, appears to be urine leak.

[Diastasis Recti Abdominis and Pregnancy]. / Rektusdiastase und Schwangerschaft.

Diastasis recti abdominis during pregnancy is a frequent phenomenon with a prevalence of 30­70%. It is associated with functional and cosmetic limitations. Gold standard in diagnosis during pregnancy is the transabdominal ultrasonography. The most frequent localization is in the periumbilical region and persistence postpartum is found in about 60% of cases. Either conservative or surgical treatments seem to be effective, but relapse rates, especially after surgical therapy, are unclear. It is a problem that no standard values of diastasis recti are given, no evidence-based therapy schemes are implemented and only rare and insufficient studies exist.

A case of prune belly syndrome.

Prune belly syndrome (PBS) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by deficient abdominal wall muscles, urinary tract malformation, and, in males, cryptorchidism. We present a case of PBS in China. The patient was a newborn baby boy who had wrinkled, "prune-like" abdominal skin, bilateral cryptorchidism, and urinary system malformation, complicated with hypoplasia of the lung and branch of the coronary artery-right ventricular fistula. His kidney function was inadequate. The patient subsequently died at age 28 days due to septicemia from a severe urinary tract infection.

Síndrome prune belly (vientre en ciruela): reporte de un caso / Prune belly syndrome(belly plum): a case report

Se presenta caso clínico de una mujer gestante quien en su primera consulta prenatal, con una gestación pretérmino por examen físico, presenta una ecografía que informa malformaciones en el sistema urinario y digestivo fetal. En el Hospital Nacional (Itauguá) se confirman dichos hallazgos. El desenlace fue fatal al mes de nacido, por complicaciones en la cirugía intervencionista intestinal.

Clinical case of a pregnant woman who in her first prenatal visit, with a preterm gestation by physical examination, fetal malformations in the urinary and digestive system is presented in the ultrasound. In the National Hospital of Itaugua these findings are confirmed. The outcome was fatal a month after the pacient was born, due to complications in the intestinal interventional surgery.

Outside the inside: a review of soft-tissue abnormalities seen on thoracoabdominal computed tomography.

In this review, we illustrate the computed tomographic features of thoracoabdominal soft-tissue abnormalities, which may be easily overlooked and often can provide important information regarding systemic processes. Examples include necrotizing fasciitis, heterotopic ossification, fat necrosis, benign and malignant neoplasms, endometriosis, and collagen vascular disease as well as systemic and congenital pathology.

A case of ultrasound-guided prenatal diagnosis of prune belly syndrome in Papua New Guinea--implications for management.

BACKGROUND: Prune belly syndrome is a rare congenital malformation of unknown aetiology and is characterised by abnormalities of the urinary tract, a deficiency of abdominal musculature and bilateral cryptorchidism in males. We report a case of prune belly syndrome from Papua New Guinea, which was suspected on pregnancy ultrasound scan and confirmed upon delivery. CASE PRESENTATION: A 26-year-old married woman, Gravida 3 Para 2, presented to antenatal clinic in Madang, Papua New Guinea, at 21(+5) weeks' gestation by dates. She was well with no past medical or family history of note. She gave consent to participate in a clinical trial on prevention of malaria in pregnancy and underwent repeated ultrasound examinations which revealed a live fetus with persistent megacystis and anhydramnios. Both mother and clinicians agreed on conservative management of the congenital abnormality. The mother spontaneously delivered a male fetus weighing 2010 grams at 34 weeks' gestation with grossly abnormal genitalia including cryptorchidism, penile aplasia and an absent urethral meatus, absent abdominal muscles and hypoplastic lungs. The infant passed away two hours after delivery. This report discusses the implications of prenatal detection of severe congenital abnormalities in PNG. CONCLUSION: This first, formally reported, case of prune belly syndrome from a resource-limited setting in the Oceania region highlights the importance of identifying and documenting congenital abnormalities. Women undergoing antenatal ultrasound examinations must be carefully counseled on the purpose and the limitations of the scan. The increasing use of obstetric ultrasound in PNG will inevitably result in a rise in prenatal detection of congenital abnormalities. This will need to be met with adequate training, referral mechanisms and better knowledge of women's attitudes and beliefs on birth defects and ultrasound. National medicolegal guidance regarding induced abortion and resuscitation of a fetus with severe congenital abnormalities may be required.