Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 23
Filter
Add more filters










Publication year range
1.
Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol ; 48(1): 893-902, 2020 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32490684

ABSTRACT

Prunella vulgaris L. is one of the therapeutic herbs containing various polyphenolics, which is used for multiple medicinal purposes. In this study, plant growth regulators (PGRs)-induced calli cultures from seed-derived leaf explants were exploited for the production of stress enzymes and polyphenolics. A growth curve was plotted for each PGR for 49 days period, which showed a distinct lag, log and decline phases. Here, the combination of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 6-benzyleadenine (BA; 0.5 and 2.0 mg l-1) produced maximum fresh (6.32 FW-g/100 ml) and dry biomass (0.75 DW-g/100 ml) in contrast to control. The maximum synthesis of SOD (0.0154 FW-nM/min/mg) was detected on media comprising mixture of NAA and BA (1.5 mg l-1), while POD enzyme (0.366 FW-nM/min/mg) was higher at 0.5 mg l-1 NAA and 2, 4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid. Further, NAA and BA (1.5 and 2.0 mg l-1) boosted up the synthesis of phenolics (18.83 GAE-mg/g-DW) and flavonoids content (18.05 RE-mg/g-DW) than control. Moreover, NAA of 1.0 and 2.0 mg l-1 were found supportive for maximum antioxidant activity (87.4%) and total protein (716 µg BSAE/mg-DW). This study will contribute in the development of cell culture in fermenter and synthesis of antioxidant secondary metabolites for commercial uses.


Subject(s)
Antioxidants/metabolism , Cytokinins/pharmacology , Indoleacetic Acids/pharmacology , Polyphenols/biosynthesis , Prunella/drug effects , Prunella/metabolism , Culture Techniques , Prunella/growth & development
2.
Sci Rep ; 9(1): 9590, 2019 07 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31270436

ABSTRACT

Spica Prunellae is an important Chinese herbal medicine. Because of its good curative effect on various diseases, this herb is consumed in large quantities in clinical applications. The metabolites of Spica Prunellae are known to change under salt stress; however, the difference in protein levels of Spica Prunellae between saline and normal conditions is unclear. In this study, we used proteomics techniques to identify differentially expressed proteins in Spica Prunellae under different saline conditions. (iTRAQ) MS/MS was used to detect statistically significant changes in protein between salt stress and normal conditions. Ultimately, we detected 1,937 proteins, 89 of which were detected in two different comparison. Based on GO, STRING and KEGG analyses, 35 significantly differentially expressed proteins were selected for further analysis. The results of functional and signal pathway analyses indicated that the cellular protein and carbohydrate metabolism of Spica Prunellae was weaker, calcium ion transport was higher, photosynthesis was higher, and protein production was faster under saline conditions than under normal conditions. This study provides useful information for studying the causes of differences in secondary metabolites in Spica Prunellae under salt stress and the protein mechanisms related to their quality.


Subject(s)
Proteome/analysis , Proteomics/methods , Prunella/metabolism , Salt Stress , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Prunella/growth & development , Seedlings/metabolism , Tandem Mass Spectrometry
3.
Appl Biochem Biotechnol ; 180(6): 1076-1092, 2016 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27287999

ABSTRACT

Prunella vulgaris L. (P. vulgaris) is an important medicinal plant with a wide range of antiviral properties. Traditionally, it is known as self-heal because of its faster effects on wound healing. It is commonly known as a natural antiseptic due to the presence of various polyphenols. There is lack of research efforts on its propagation and production of bioactive compounds under field and in vitro conditions. In this study, the effects of different ratios (1:2, 1:3, 2:1, and 3:1) of silver (Ag) and gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) alone or in combination with naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) were investigated for callus culture development and production of secondary metabolites. The Ag (30 µg l-1), AgAu (1:2), and AgAu (2:1) NPs in combination with NAA (2.0 mg l-1) enhanced callus proliferation (100 %) as compared to the control (95 %). Among the different NPs tested, AuNPs with or without NAA produced higher biomass in log phases (35-42 days) of growth kinetics. Furthermore, AgAu (1:3) and AuNPs alone enhanced total protein content (855 µg-BSAE/mg-fresh weight (FW)), superoxide dismutase (0.54 nM/min/mg-FW), and peroxidase (0.39 nM/min/mg-FW) enzymes in callus cultures. The AgAuNPs (1:3) in combination with NAA induced maximum accumulation of phenolics (TPC 9.57 mg/g-dry weight (DW)) and flavonoid (6.71 mg/g-DW) content. Moreover, AgAuNPs (3:1) without NAA enhanced antioxidant activity (87.85 %). This study provides the first evidence of NP effect on callus culture development and production of natural antioxidants in P. vulgaris.


Subject(s)
Antioxidants/metabolism , Gold/chemistry , Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry , Plants, Medicinal/growth & development , Prunella/growth & development , Secondary Metabolism , Silver/chemistry , Tissue Culture Techniques/methods , Biomass , Cell Proliferation , Flavonoids/analysis , Kinetics , Naphthaleneacetic Acids/pharmacology , Phenols/analysis , Plant Proteins/analysis , Plants, Medicinal/drug effects , Plants, Medicinal/metabolism , Prunella/drug effects , Prunella/metabolism , Secondary Metabolism/drug effects
4.
Biol Res ; 49: 12, 2016 Feb 24.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26906410

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Prunella vulgaris L. is a medical plant cultivated in sloping, sun-shaded areas in China. Recently, owing to air-environmental stress, especially drought stress strongly inhibits plant growth and development, the appropriate fertilizer supply can alleviate these effects. However, these is little information about their effects on P. vulgaris growing in arid and semi-arid areas with limited water and fertilizer supply. RESULTS: In this study, water stress decreased the photosynthetic pigment contents, inhibited photosynthetic efficiency, induced photodamage in photosystem 2 (PS2), and decreased leaf instantaneous WUE (WUEi). The decreased net photosynthetic rate (Pn) under medium drought stress compared with the control might result from stomatal limitations. However, fertilizer supply improved photosynthetic capacity by increasing the photosynthetic pigment contents and enhancing photosynthetic efficiency under water deficit. Moreover, medium fertilization also increased WUEi under the two water conditions, but fertilizer supply did little to alleviate the PS2 photodamage caused by drought stress. Hence, drought stress was the primary limitation in the photosynthetic process of P. vulgaris seedlings, while the photosynthetic characteristics of the seedlings exhibited positive responses to fertilizer supply. CONCLUSIONS: Appropriate fertilizer supply is recommended to improve photosynthetic efficiency, enhance WUEi and alleviate photodamage under drought stress.


Subject(s)
Fertilizers , Photosynthesis/physiology , Prunella/growth & development , Seedlings/growth & development , Water/physiology , Analysis of Variance , Chlorophyll/physiology , Circadian Rhythm , Droughts , Fluorescence , Plant Leaves , Stress, Physiological , Time Factors
5.
Biol. Res ; 49: 1-9, 2016. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-950839

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Prunella vulgaris L. is a medical plant cultivated in sloping, sun-shaded areas in China. Recently, owing to air-environmental stress, especially drought stress strongly inhibits plant growth and development, the appropriate fertilizer supply can alleviate these effects. However, these is little information about their effects on P. vulgaris growing in arid and semi-arid areas with limited water and fertilizer supply. RESULTS: In this study, water stress decreased the photosynthetic pigment contents, inhibited photosynthetic efficiency, induced photodamage in photosystem 2 (PS2), and decreased leaf instantaneous WUE (WUEi). The decreased net photosynthetic rate (Pn) under medium drought stress compared with the control might result from stomatal limitations. However, fertilizer supply improved photosynthetic capacity by increasing the photosynthetic pigment contents and enhancing photosynthetic efficiency under water deficit. Moreover, medium fertilization also increased WUEi under the two water conditions, but fertilizer supply did little to alleviate the PS2 photodamage caused by drought stress. Hence, drought stress was the primary limitation in the photosynthetic process of P. vulgaris seedlings, while the photosynthetic characteristics of the seedlings exhibited positive responses to fertilizer supply. CONCLUSIONS: Appropriate fertilizer supply is recommended to improve photosynthetic efficiency, enhance WUEi and alleviate photodamage under drought stress.


Subject(s)
Photosynthesis/physiology , Water/physiology , Prunella/growth & development , Seedlings/growth & development , Fertilizers , Stress, Physiological , Time Factors , Chlorophyll/physiology , Analysis of Variance , Circadian Rhythm , Plant Leaves , Droughts , Fluorescence
6.
Pharm Biol ; 52(12): 1518-25, 2014 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25243882

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT: Prunella vulgaris L (Labiatae) is commonly used as a traditional medicinal herb in some Asian and Europe countries. To date, few studies have been conducted to determine the influence of [Formula: see text] - N/[Formula: see text] - N ratio on growth, physiological development, and bioactive phytochemical accumulation in hydroponically grown P. vulgaris. OBJECTIVE: The current study was conducted to evaluate the effect of five [Formula: see text] - N/[Formula: see text] - N ratios on growth, nitrogen metabolism, photosynthetic efficiency, and bioactive phytochemical production in P. vulgaris. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hydroponically cultivated P. vulgaris were fertilized with five [Formula: see text] - N/[Formula: see text] - N ratios in a greenhouse for 85 d. Dried weight of root, stem, leaf and spica, leaf area, photosynthetic efficiency, activities of nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS), and the concentrations of N, soluble protein, and free amino acids in the leaves, as well as the contents of rosmarinic acid (RA), ursolic acid (UA), and oleanolic acid (OA) in the spicas were measured. RESULTS: Both [Formula: see text] - N and [Formula: see text] - N as the sole source of nitrogen had inhibitory effects on P. vulgaris growth. P. vulgaris fertilized with the 25/75 ([Formula: see text] - N/NO3 - N) ratio had the highest leaf area, photosynthetic rate, and chlorophyll content. The 25/75 ([Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text]) ratio increased the spica biomass by 1828%, nitrate-reductase (NR) activity by 98%, and soluble protein concentration by 29.45% compared with the 100/0 ([Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text]) treatment. Additionally, 25 [Formula: see text] - N/75 NO3 - N resulted in the highest contents of RA and total flavonoids as well as relatively high contents of UA and OA; therefore, this ratio had the highest yield of RA, UA, OA, and total flavonoids in spicas. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The use of 25 [Formula: see text] - N/75 [Formula: see text] - N is recommended to improve biomass production and medicinal quality of P. vulgaris.


Subject(s)
Ammonium Compounds/chemistry , Nitrates/chemistry , Nitrogen/metabolism , Prunella/physiology , Biomass , Medicine, Traditional , Photosynthesis/physiology , Prunella/chemistry , Prunella/growth & development
7.
Appl Biochem Biotechnol ; 174(6): 2086-95, 2014 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25163888

ABSTRACT

Adventitious root cultures of Prunella vulgaris L. were established in shaking flask system for the production of biomass and secondary metabolites. Adventitious root cultures were induced from callus cultures obtained from leaf explants on solid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing combination of 6-benzyladenine (BA; 1.0 mg l(-1)) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA; 1.5 mg l(-1)). Thereafter, 0.49 g inoculum was transferred to liquid MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of NAA (0.5-2.0 mg l(-1)). Growth kinetics of adventitious roots was recorded with an interval of 7 days for 49 days period. Highest biomass accumulation (2.13 g/l) was observed in liquid medium containing 1.0 mg l(-1) NAA after 21 days of inoculation. However, other concentrations of NAA also showed similar accumulation pattern but the biomass gradually decreases after 49 days of inoculation. Adventitious roots were collected and dried for investigation of total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), and antioxidant activities. Higher TPC (0.995 GAE mg/g-DRB) and TFC (6.615 RE mg/g-DRB) were observed in 0.5 mg l(-1) NAA treated cultures. In contrast, higher antioxidant activity (83.53 %) was observed 1.5 mg l(-1) NAA treated cultures. These results are helpful in up scaling of root cultures into bioreactor for secondary metabolites production.


Subject(s)
Biomass , Culture Techniques/methods , Plant Roots/growth & development , Plant Roots/metabolism , Prunella/growth & development , Prunella/metabolism , Biphenyl Compounds/metabolism , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Free Radical Scavengers/metabolism , Kinetics , Naphthalenes/pharmacology , Picrates/metabolism , Plant Roots/drug effects
8.
J Environ Manage ; 129: 62-8, 2013 Nov 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23796889

ABSTRACT

Addition of pyrolyzed biomass ("biochar") to soils has commonly been shown to increase crop yields and alleviate plant stresses associated with drought and exposure to toxic materials. Here we investigate the ability of biochar (at two dosages: 5 and 50 t ha(-1)) to mitigate salt-induced stress, simulating road salt additions in a factorial glasshouse experiment involving the broadleaved herbaceous plants Abutilon theophrasti and Prunella vulgaris. Salt additions of 30 g m(-2) NaCl to unamended soils resulted in high mortality rates for both species. Biochar (Fagus grandifolia sawdust pyrolyzed at 378 °C), when applied at 50 t ha(-1) as a top dressing, completely alleviated salt-induced mortality in A. theophrasti and prolonged survival of P. vulgaris. Surviving A. theophrasti plants that received both 50 t ha(-1) biochar and salt addition treatments showed growth rates and physiological performance similar to plants without salt addition. Biochar treatments alone also substantially increased biomass of P. vulgaris, with a ∼50% increase relative to untreated controls at both biochar dosages. Biochar did not significantly affect photosynthetic carbon gain (Amax), water use efficiency, or chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) in either species. Our results indicate that biochar can ameliorate salt stress effects on plants through salt sorption, suggesting novel applications of biochar to mitigate effects of salinization in agricultural, urban, and contaminated soils.


Subject(s)
Charcoal/metabolism , Environmental Pollution/prevention & control , Environmental Restoration and Remediation/methods , Malvaceae/drug effects , Prunella/drug effects , Sodium Chloride/toxicity , Soil Pollutants/toxicity , Charcoal/administration & dosage , Malvaceae/growth & development , Malvaceae/physiology , Ontario , Photosynthesis/drug effects , Prunella/growth & development , Prunella/physiology , Random Allocation , Stress, Physiological
9.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi ; 38(6): 800-5, 2013 Mar.
Article in Chinese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23717955

ABSTRACT

The research was conducted to study the breeding system of Prunella vulgaris L. Flowering dynamics was observed. Pollen viability, stigma receptivity, pollen-ovule ratio (P/O), out-crossing index (OCI) were measured. Bagging experiments were conducted. The results showed that the life span of one single flower was 1-2 days, the flowering span for the inflorescence of stalk was 7-14 days, the P/O was 1 046+/-148. 26, the OCI was 2. Combined with results of bagging experiment, the breeding system of P. vulgaris L. was mixed with cross-polination and self pollination. In the absence of pollination insects, the pollination and fertilization can be accomplished with high seed setting rate, and the seeds have a relatively high germination rate.


Subject(s)
Breeding , Prunella/physiology , Pollen/growth & development , Pollen/physiology , Pollination , Prunella/growth & development , Tissue Survival
10.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi ; 38(21): 3666-71, 2013 Nov.
Article in Chinese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24494551

ABSTRACT

Prunella vulgaris is a perennial herb whose dry spike is used for medicine in China. It is also a very important traditional medicine. Current study was conducted to the biomass components factors of P. vulgaris in the different ecological environments for the development and protection. The results showed that the contribution factor of the production in different environments was significant differences. In favorable environment, the length of leaf, numbers of leaves, height, reproductive branch number of individuals gave the greatest contribution. In transitional habitats, the diameter of stem and spike, the length of leaf contributed the most. While in the undergrowth and dry hillside, the length of root, the width of leaf, the length of spike were the main factors for biomass.


Subject(s)
Prunella/growth & development , Biomass , China , Ecosystem , Plant Leaves/growth & development , Plant Roots/growth & development , Plant Stems/growth & development
11.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi ; 37(9): 1174-9, 2012 May.
Article in Chinese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22803355

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To study the influence of host species on growth and development and active component content of Thesium chinense. METHOD: Plant morphology and active component content of T. chinense grown with different hosts were measured. The hosts were evaluated by using index-sum method. RESULT: Hosts significantly promoted the growth of T. chinense by increasing height, per plant weight, stem diameter, leaf area, the number of seed and haustorium,and decreased RW/SW ratio compared to without host treatment. Considerable differences existed among the effect of different host species treatments. Synthetical evaluation score of Gnaphlium affine was the highest (37), followed by Imperata cylindrical and Prunella vulgaris (36). It is suggested that they were superior hosts for T. chinense. But the scores of Triticum aestivum (25) and Eremochloa ophiuroides (17) were lower, so they were unsuited hosts for T. chinense. CONCLUSION: Hosts significantly promoted the growth of T. chinense. Considerable differences existed among the growth and development of T. chinense grown with different hosts, as well as active component content. Gnaphlium affine, Imperata cylindrical and Prunella vulgaris were superior hosts for T. chinense. While Triticum aestivum and Eremochloa ophiuroides were unsuited hosts for T. chinense.


Subject(s)
Santalaceae/growth & development , Host-Parasite Interactions , Poaceae/growth & development , Poaceae/parasitology , Prunella/growth & development , Prunella/parasitology , Santalaceae/physiology , Triticum/growth & development , Triticum/parasitology
12.
Pharm Biol ; 50(9): 1118-22, 2012 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22686260

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT: Prunella vulgaris L. (Labiatae) is a perennial plant common in China and Europe and is rich in rosmarinic acid (RA), ursolic acid (UA), and oleanolic acid (OA). The dried spica of P. vulgaris has been used as traditional medicine in China for over a hundred years. To our best knowledge, no study has been conducted to determine the influence of harvesting time on concentrations of bioactive compounds of P. vulgaris. OBJECTIVE: In the current study, changes in the bioactive compounds present in spicas were investigated at five harvest times over 2 months. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Plant material were collected at five fixed dates: 5th May, 20th May, 7th June, 15th June, and 25th June and assayed for chemical contents by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS: Among the different harvest times, the highest levels of RA (56.81 mg·g⁻¹), UA (2.77 mg·g⁻¹), and OA (0.91 mg·g⁻¹) were found on 5th May, whereas the lowest levels of RA (1.66 mg·g⁻¹), UA (2.27 mg·g⁻¹), and OA (0.43 mg·g⁻¹) were observed on 25th June. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: As each medicinal product has its own content requirement for different bioactive components, the optimum harvest time might be determined according to the accumulation dynamics of target compound in dried spicas of P. vulgaris. These results may be useful for determining the optimal harvest time when bioactive components are at the maximum level, which is in early May.


Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/analysis , Antioxidants/analysis , Flowering Tops/chemistry , Flowering Tops/growth & development , Prunella/chemistry , Prunella/growth & development , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/metabolism , Antioxidants/metabolism , China , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Cinnamates/analysis , Cinnamates/metabolism , Depsides/analysis , Depsides/metabolism , Electrochemical Techniques , Ethnopharmacology , Flowering Tops/metabolism , Oleanolic Acid/analysis , Oleanolic Acid/biosynthesis , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Plants, Medicinal/growth & development , Plants, Medicinal/metabolism , Prunella/metabolism , Seasons , Triterpenes/analysis , Triterpenes/metabolism , Rosmarinic Acid , Ursolic Acid
13.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi ; 36(13): 1693-6, 2011 Jul.
Article in Chinese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22032127

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of light intensity on photosynthetic characteristics and seedling growth of Prunella vulgaris under different light intensity. METHOD: The seedling of P. vulgaris was shaded with shading net, and relative parameters were measured. The data was statistically processed. RESULT: With the reducing light intensity, the young plant stems became slender, the leaf long increased. The plant height and net growth under 42% full light condition were significantly higher than those under the other light intensity, chlorophy II and carotenoid contents increased, as well as Chl a/b decreased under low light. Photosynthetic indicators of P(n), T(r) decreased under low light, but CO2 concentration increased, and G(s) content decreases and then increased under 10% full light intensity. CONCLUSION: P. vulgaris manifested the different plasticity and adaptability under different light intensities. The 42% light intensity was the best and the proper shading would promote the growth of seedlings.


Subject(s)
Light , Photosynthesis/radiation effects , Prunella/growth & development , Prunella/radiation effects , Seedlings/radiation effects , Adaptation, Physiological , Chlorophyll/metabolism , Plant Leaves/growth & development , Plant Leaves/radiation effects , Plant Stems/growth & development , Plant Stems/radiation effects , Seedlings/growth & development
14.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi ; 36(5): 530-4, 2011 Mar.
Article in Chinese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21657064

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The effects of different nitrogen forms on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Prunella vulgaris were observed. METHOD: Water culture experiments were carried out to observe the effects of NH4+: NO3- ratios(100:0, 75: 25, 50:50, 25:75, 0:100 in mmol x L(-1)) on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of P. vulgaris. RESULT: The leaf area, fresh biomass and P(n) of these cultivars increased with the increasing of NH4(+) -N: NO3(-) -N ratios, and they were found to be the highest in 25: 75 NH4(+) -N: NO3)-) -N. However, they decreased with the increasing NH4(+) -N: NO3(-) -N ratio further. P. vulgaris had a minimum leaf area, biomass, chlorophyll content and P(n) in pure ammonium group. The biggest chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were found in the ratios of NH4(+) -N to NO3(-) -N of 50: 50. CONCLUSION: The results indicated that properly increasing nitrate proportion could promote the growth and photosynthesis of P. vulgaris.


Subject(s)
Nitrogen/chemistry , Nitrogen/metabolism , Photosynthesis , Prunella/growth & development , Prunella/metabolism , Biomass , Chlorophyll , Nitrogen/pharmacology , Photosynthesis/drug effects , Plant Leaves/drug effects , Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/chemistry , Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/metabolism
15.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi ; 36(24): 3410-5, 2011 Dec.
Article in Chinese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22368846

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The accumulation of dry matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in Prunella vulgaris and their relationships under field condition were studied, in order to provide a basis for the rational fertilization. METHOD: Through the dynamic sampling of P. vulgaris in different growing stages, and the dry weight of plant, the amount of dry matter and the content of N, P and K within each organ of the plant were measured. RESULT: The dry weight of P. vulgaris linearly increased with the increase of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accumulation, there existed a significant correlation at whole growth period. The maximum stage accumulation rate of dry matter from mid-April to the beginning of May, reached 63.71%. The amount of dry matter was mainly distribution in leaves from late March to mid-April. The distribution ratio in stem was the highest from beginning of May to late May. Until mid-June, the distribution ratio of dry matter in spicas was higher than that in other organs. The absorption amounts of N, P and K were lower before mid-April, and the nutrient element was concentrated in plant leaves. From late April to beginning of May, the N, P and K accumulation reached maximum of total absorptive capacity, which accounted for 72.35%, 59.82%, 87.41%, respectively, and the mineral elements were concentrated distribution of plant stems. When transferred to reproductive stage, both accumulation amount and distribution rate of nutrient elements in spicas increased rapidly, which reached the maximum until mid-June. From elongation stages to quaring period was the period of maximal accumulation of dry matter and showed the maximal efficiency of N, P and K nutrition. CONCLUSION: The time from elongation stages to quaring period is the most crucial period in the growth development stage of P. vulgaris, and should be paid more attention to the supply of mineral nutrition and moisture of plant to promote spicas formation and dry matter accumulation in this stage. The average N, P2O5 and K2O absorption amount per 100 kg dry matter of spicas were 1.62, 0.36, 2.88 kg respectively, and the ratio of N-P2O5,-K2O was 1 : 0.22: 1.77.


Subject(s)
Nitrogen/metabolism , Phosphorus/metabolism , Potassium/metabolism , Prunella/metabolism , Absorption , Prunella/growth & development , Seasons
16.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi ; 36(22): 3070-4, 2011 Nov.
Article in Chinese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22375380

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The contents of mineral elements in soil and each organ from cultivated and wild Prunella vulgaris were determined in order to provide a theoretical basis for exploitation and protection of wild resources and GAP study. METHOD: The contents of mineral elements (P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Al) in soil and each organ from cultivated and wild P. vulgaris were determined by ICP-AES, and the results were analyzed by correlation analysis. RESULT: The contents of mineral elements in soil and different organs of P. vulgaris were significant different between cultivated and wild species; the contents of P and Cu ranked in the order of spica > leaf > stem, the order of Mg, Ca, Zn, Fe, Mn, Al from high to low was leaf > spica > stem, the concentrations of K, Na were mainly distributed in leaf and stem, less in spica. A distinctly positive correlation between soil and spica for Fe content, and the relationship between soil and leaf, stem were significant positive correlation, the concentrations of Zn in spica, leaf, stem were positively related to soil, K contents in soil and stem were significant positive correlation. The different organs of cultivated and wild P. vulgaris had a strong tendency to accumulate P. CONCLUSION: There was no direct relationship between the concentrations of mineral elements in P. vulgaris, and their corresponding soil P. vulgaris adjusts the concentration of mineral elements mainly by active absorption.


Subject(s)
Minerals/analysis , Prunella/chemistry , Prunella/growth & development , Soil/analysis
17.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi ; 36(21): 2932-6, 2011 Nov.
Article in Chinese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22308677

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O) and organic compound fertilizer (OF) on spicas biomass and yield of Prunella vulgaris in order to provide a theoretical basis for good agriculture practice (GAP). METHOD: Field plot experiments with a 4-variable quadratic orthogonal rotation combination design were adopted, and a function model of spicas yield in P. vulgaris was established. RESULT: The model analysis showed that spicas yields of P. vulgaris were significantly influenced under the N, P2O5 and K2O applications, among there factors, N had the greatest effects on spicas yield of P. vulgaris, the next was P2O5 and K2O, OF had the smallest effects on spicas yield. At the lower fertility levels, the spicas yields of P. vulgaris were improved along with the increasing of N, P2O5, K2O and OF applications, but the spicas yields decreased when N, P2O5, K2O and OF were applied too much. CONCLUSION: In this experiment condition, the spicas yields of P. vulgaris could reach to 722 kg x hm(-2) when the fertilizer rates were N 303. 9-335.1 kg x hm(-2), P2O5 432.5-500.6 kg x hm(-2), K2O 206.6-240.2 kg x hm(-2), OF 2 312.5-2 687.5 kg x hm(-2).


Subject(s)
Agriculture/methods , Fertilizers/analysis , Prunella/growth & development , Biomass , Nitrogen/analysis , Nitrogen/metabolism , Phosphorus/analysis , Phosphorus/metabolism , Potassium/analysis , Potassium/metabolism , Prunella/metabolism
18.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi ; 36(21): 3057-62, 2011 Nov.
Article in Chinese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22308701

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the original plant and dietotherapy history of Prunella vulgaris by textual researches, and provide a theoretical basis for clinical medication, exploitation and protection of wild resources. METHOD: The ancient literatures in the graphic, geographical distribution and morphological description of P. vulgaris were used in this studied. RESULT: The varieties of P. vulgaris for therapeutic were no confusion. However, there has existed confusion between P. vulgaris and its confusable species (Ajuga ciliate, A. decumbens and Lagopsis supina) with appellations, morphological description and attached drawing of original plant. CONCLUSION: The original plant is originated from two species (P. vulgaris, P. asiatica). P. hispida was used as a certified medicinal material in Yunnan province from Ming Dynasty to modern time. The dietotherapy history of P. vulgaris in China can be traced back to Ming Dynasty or before.


Subject(s)
Drug Therapy/history , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/history , Prunella/chemistry , China , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/analysis , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use , History, Ancient , Humans , Medicine in Literature , Prunella/growth & development
19.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi ; 35(14): 1795-8, 2010 Jul.
Article in Chinese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20939268

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Prunalla vulgaris was used as the experimental material to study the effects of water stress on the related quality charaters of spadix in P. vulgaris. METHOD: By weighting method to experiment the relative characteristics in vegetative period and reproductive period respectively were studied under timing and quantitative water stress conditions everyday with the method of statistics to compared, including biological characteristics and content of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid. RESULT AND CONCLUSION: It is true that the better water range of growth in vegetative period of P. vulgaris is 80% -85%; The 65%-70% field leakage coefficient maximum was the best and the proper water range which would promote the growth, but the best range of active component is 80% -85%.


Subject(s)
Prunella/growth & development , Water/metabolism , Oleanolic Acid/analysis , Prunella/chemistry , Prunella/metabolism , Triterpenes/analysis , Ursolic Acid
20.
Am Nat ; 175(1): 73-84, 2010 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19958177

ABSTRACT

Plants stand still and interact with their immediate neighbors. Theory has shown that the distances over which these interactions occur may have important consequences for population and community dynamics. In particular, if intraspecific competition occurs over longer distances than interspecific competition (heteromyopia), coexistence can be promoted. We examined how intraspecific and interspecific competition scales with neighbor distance in a target-neighbor greenhouse competition experiment. Individuals from co-occurring forbs from calcareous grasslands were grown in isolation and with single conspecific or heterospecific neighbors at distances of 5, 10, or 15 cm (Plantago lanceolata vs. Plantago media and Hieracium pilosella vs. Prunella grandiflora). Neighbor effects were strong and declined with distance. Interaction distances varied greatly within and between species, but we found no evidence for heteromyopia. Instead, neighbor identity effects were mostly explained by relative size differences between target and neighbor. We found a complex interaction between final neighbor size and identity such that neighbor identity may become important only as the neighbor becomes very large compared with the target individual. Our results suggest that species-specific size differences between neighboring individuals determine both the strength of competitive interactions and the distance over which these interactions occur.


Subject(s)
Asteraceae/physiology , Plantago/physiology , Prunella/physiology , Asteraceae/anatomy & histology , Asteraceae/growth & development , Plantago/anatomy & histology , Plantago/growth & development , Population Dynamics , Prunella/anatomy & histology , Prunella/growth & development , Species Specificity
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL
...