Subject(s)
Coronavirus Infections/complications , Pneumonia, Viral/complications , Pulmonary Aspergillosis/complications , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Betacoronavirus , COVID-19 , Fatal Outcome , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Netherlands , Pandemics , Pulmonary Aspergillosis/virology , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
AIM: To investigate the pharmacokinetics of voriconazole when administered to HIV-positive patients receiving treatment with atazanavir-containing therapies according to CYP2C19 genotype. MATERIALS & METHODS: We describe four HIV-positive patients with pulmonary aspergillosis treated with voriconazole and atazanavir-based regimens (with or without ritonavir). They were managed by assessing their CYP2C19 genotype (CYP2C19*2, rs4244285, G>A, real-time PCR) and therapeutic drug monitoring (HPLC-based validation methods). RESULTS & CONCLUSION: Voriconazole exposure was variable but Ctrough levels were above 1000 ng/ml in all patients; one CYP2C19 intermediate metabolizer required lower doses of voriconazole (50 mg twice daily) to obtain satisfactory drug concentrations. Atazanavir and ritonavir plasma levels were moderately reduced (area under the curve: -23 and -26%, respectively); raltegravir exposure seemed increased by voriconazole administration (area under the curve: 2.5-fold higher) in a single subject. Coadministration of atazanavir and voriconazole may be feasible in selected HIV-positive patients; therapeutic drug monitoring and CYP2C19 genotyping may optimize exposure of both drugs.
