"Smart Process" of Medical Innovation: The Synergism Based on Network and Physical Space.

Medical innovation has a profound impact on public health, and it is always of social concern to encourage innovation and enhance the value in health care delivery. Based on a sample of China's listed firms in the medical industry from 2007 to 2018, this paper highlights the independent and mixed roles of informatization and high-speed rail in public medical innovation. The results show that informatization at network space and high-speed rail at physical space effectively promote the innovation of medical enterprises. In addition, "online" information technology and "offline" high-speed rail technology have a synergistic effect on medical innovation, especially in areas with a low level of innovation. The conclusion supports the positive significance of technology in the application of public health and proposes that the construction of smart society is very important to public health.

Coronary heart diseases: assessment of risk associated with work exposure to ultralow-frequency magnetic fields.

The present analysis was stimulated by previous findings on the possible influence of natural ultralow-frequency (ULF; 0.001-10 Hz) geomagnetic field variations on the cardiovascular system and indications of an effect of man-made ULF magnetic fields on the rate of myocardial infarction. In the present study, we considered the occupational health hazards of the strongest ULF magnetic fields in densely populated urban areas. Measurements of ULF magnetic field fluctuations produced by trains powered by DC electricity were performed by means of a computer-based, highly sensitive, three-component magnetometer. We found that the magnitude of magnetic field pulses inside the driver's cab of electric locomotives (ELs) could be > or = 280 microT in the horizontal component perpendicular to the rails and up to approximately 130 microT in the vertical component, and, in the driver's compartment of electric motor unit (EMU) trains, they were approximately 50 and 35 microT, respectively. We have investigated the relationships between the occupational exposure to ULF magnetic field fluctuations produced by electric trains and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) among railroad workers in the former Soviet Union. We have analyzed medical statistical data for a period of 3 years for approximately 45,000 railroad workers and 4,000 engine drivers. We have also analyzed 3 years of morbidity data for three subgroups of engine drivers (approximately 4,000 in each group) operating different types of trains. We find that EL drivers have a twofold increase in risk (2.00 +/- 0.27) of coronary heart diseases (CHDs) compared with EMU drivers. Because our analysis of major CVDs shows that the examined subpopulations of drivers can be considered to have had equal exposure to all known risk factors, the elevated CHD risk among EL drivers could be attributed to the increased occupational exposure to ULF magnetic fields.