ABSTRACT
Professor Tomoh Masaki, a Japanese physician-scientist born in 1934, is particularly known for the discovery of endothelium-derived peptide endothelin and its receptors, among many other scientific achievements. In recognition of his work, the Tomoh Masaki Award was established in 2011 by the Endothelin International Advisory Board of The International Conferences on Endothelin as a biannual scientific prize in recognition of Masaki's innovative and ground-breaking work that has led to new clinical applications. The inaugural Tomoh Masaki Award was presented at The Twelfth International Conference on Endothelin held in Cambridge, UK, to one his former graduate students, Professor Masashi Yanagisawa as the first recipient of this award, who played an instrumental role in the discovery of endothelin at the University of Tsukuba, Japan. The article summarizes the scientific achievements of Masaki and the awardee, Masashi Yanagisawa, also including personal reflections of two of Masaki's former graduate students on their teacher as well as on the awardee of The First Tomoh Masaki Award 2011 and their work as scientists and their role as mentors.
Subject(s)
Awards and Prizes , Endothelins/history , Receptors, Endothelin/history , Faculty, Medical , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , JapanABSTRACT
Following the initial description of endothelium-dependent vasoconstriction in the early 1980s, it has been exactly 25 years since efforts to identify the sequence of the endothelin gene and peptide began in May 1987, work which resulted in a landmark paper submitted to Nature in December 1987 and published on March 31, 1988. The paper opened an entirely new field of research, followed by the inception of the International Conferences of Endothelin, the first of which was organized by Sir John Vane as Chair and held as the "First William Harvey Workshop on Endothelin" in London, UK, in December of 1988. Endothelin receptor antagonism has now been firmly established for more than a decade as a new, orally active drug treatment for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Since the discovery of endothelin, on average 1,000 papers per year have been published with more than 25,000 papers available today, many of them published in the conferences' Proceedings. The present issue of Life Sciences, Endothelin XII, represents a collection of papers of original research and invited lectures presented at the Twelfth International Conference on Endothelin held in Cambridge, UK, in September 2011.
Subject(s)
Endothelins/physiology , Endothelium, Vascular/physiology , Receptors, Endothelin/physiology , Drug Design , Endothelin Receptor Antagonists , Endothelins/history , Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , Hypertension, Pulmonary/drug therapy , Hypertension, Pulmonary/physiopathology , Receptors, Endothelin/history , Vasoconstriction/physiologyABSTRACT
Endothelin (ET) is a potent vasoconstrictive peptide that was isolated initially from the conditioned medium of cultured endothelial cells. In 1988, details of the isolation and identification, amino acid sequence, cDNA sequence and pharmacology of ET were published. Subsequently, ET isoforms, ET receptors and endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE) were cloned. Because ET was thought to be important in cardiovascular homeostasis, many investigators focused on the physiological and pathophysiological significance of ET. Accordingly, ET receptor antagonists and ECE inhibitors have been developed rapidly, mostly for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The field of molecular biology has provided valuable information about ET, including evidence that the ET system plays important roles in the early development of the neural crest and, thus, in the formation of organs. These results now present new avenues of ET research.
