Suministros y uso de productos sanguíneos, banco de sangre del Hospital Escuela Universitario, Tegucigalpa, Honduras / Supply and use of the blood products, blood bank of the University School Hospital, Tegucigalpa, Honduras

Un banco de sangre es el ente encargado de la obtención de unidades sanguíneas: sangre total, eritrocitos,plasma, plaquetas, crioprecipitado; mantenimiento (tamizaje y refrigeración) y distribución, cuando es intrahospitalario además de estas funciones, abastece las salas de hospitalización que soliciten estos insumos. Objetivo: describir las principales fuentes de obtención de unidades sanguíneas, diferimiento, prevalencia de enfermedades transmisibles por vía transfusional, uso y descarte de hemoderivados Material y Métodos: estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, transversal. Se analizaron los registros de la base de datos del Banco de Sangre del Hospital Escuela Universitario, año 2014, se identificó número y tipo de donantes, causas de diferimiento, donantes que presentaron reactividad en el tamizaje, componentes sanguíneos descartados y transfundidos y unidades de origen extrahospitalario. Resultados: la información fue conformada por 22 124 registros de donantes potenciales, 99.6% donantes de reposición y 0.4% donantes voluntarios; de estos se rechazó 3 724(16.8%) por incumplir los requisitos de donación. Se tamizaron 18 400 unidades: seroprevalencia para anti-core hepatitis B de 1.76%, Chagas 1.15%, T. Pallidum 1.1%, VIH 0.5%, Hepatitis C 0.4%, HBsAg 0.3%, HTLV I/II 0.3%. Se descartaron 14 745 unidades: plasma 75%, glóbulos rojos 9.9%, unidades seropositivas 6.9% y otros 8%. Se transfundieron 38 594 unidades: glóbulos rojos 43%, plasma fresco congelado 26%, plaquetas 18% y otros 13%. Se transfundieron adicionalmente 3,803 unidades provenientes de la Cruz Roja Hondureña: plaquetas 57%, plasma 27%, crioprecipitado 15%, otros 0.55%; otras instituciones proveyeron 698 unidades plaquetas 36%, plasma fresco congelado 21%, crioprecipitado 21% y otros 12%. Conclusiones: se observó una deficiente cantidad de donantes voluntarios, las unidades sanguíneas se obtienen principalmente de donantes de reposición, desconociendo la causa de la mayoría de diferimientos. Las prevalencias encontradas son coherentes con las establecidas por la OMS; el hemoderivado más descartado es el plasma, siendo proporcionalmente mayor a las cifras de la OMS, el hemoderivado más trasfundidos son glóbulos rojos que comparado con datos del Instituto Nacional de Salud colombiano es proporcionalmente menor. Las unidades transfundidas provenientes de otras instituciones muestran una reducción significativa y se destaca el alto grado de autonomía alcanzado...(AU)

[Intensive care services resources in Spain]. / Recursos estructurales de los Servicios de Medicina Intensiva en España.

OBJECTIVES: To identify the resources related to the care of critically ill patients in Spain, which are available in the units dependent of the Services of Intensive Care Medicine (ICM) or other services/specialties, analyzing their distribution according to characteristics of the hospitals and by autonomous communities. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: Spanish hospitals. PARTICIPANTS: Heads of the Services of ICM. MAIN OUTCOME VARIABLES: Number of units and beds for critically ill patients and functional dependence. RESULTS: The total number of registries obtained with at least one Service of ICM was 237, with a total of 100,198 hospital beds. Level iii (43.5%) and level ii (35%) hospitals predominated. A total of 73% were public hospitals and 55.3% were non-university centers. The total number of beds for adult critically ill patients, was 4,738 (10.3/100,000 inhabitants). The services of ICM registered had available 258 intensive are units (ICUs), with 3,363 beds, mainly polyvalent ICUs (81%) and 43 intermediate care units. The number of patients attended in the Services of ICM in 2008 was 174,904, with a percentage of occupation of 79.5% A total of 228 units attending critically ill patients, which are dependent of other services with 2,233 beds, 772 for pediatric patients or neonates, were registered. When these last specialized units are excluded, there was a marked predominance of postsurgical units followed by coronary and cardiac units. CONCLUSIONS: Seventy one per cent of beds available in the Critical Care Units in Spain are characterized by attending severe adult patients, are dependent of the services of ICM, and most of them are polyvalent.

Sala de recuperacao em pos-operatorio imediato: aspectos gerais e avaliacao de condicoes nos principais hospitais de Porto Alegre / Recovery room in the immediate post-operative: general aspects and evaluation of the conditions in the main hospitals of Porto Alegre

As salas de recuperacao pos-anestesicas devem dispor de condicoes minimas de seguranca para os pacientes. Para tanto, e indispensavel dispor de equipe de atendimento composta de medicos e enfermagem proporcionais ao numero de leitos; rotinas de trabalho;monitorizacao; equipamentos de gasoterapia e suporte ventilatorio e reanimacao cardiorrespiratoria. Neste sentido, foram avaliadas as condicoes da sala de recuperacao nos principais hospitais de Porto Alegre, com o objetivo de analisar a existendcia dos requisitos basicos destas unidades

Postoperative recovery rooms. Staffing and facilities in three regions in the United Kingdom.

Postoperative recovery rooms have been used in the United Kingdom for just over 30 years. Anaesthetic and surgical practices have improved during this time but the clinical problems encountered are unchanged essentially. Several surveys have reviewed complications that occur; the most common causes of postoperative morbidity and mortality are still cardiovascular and respiratory problems, the latter particularly of the upper airway. In contrast there are no data available on the standard of staff and equipment in recovery rooms. The results of a survey of this aspect of postoperative recovery rooms in hospitals in Wessex, North West Thames and Yorkshire Regional Health Authorities are reported. Particular effort was made to define the facilities available. The results indicate that 70% of hospitals do not provide staffing levels and facilities which meet recommendations of the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland. The implications of these findings with regard to anaesthetic morbidity and mortality are discussed.

The nurse's role in immediate postoperative care.

From the time that a patient leaves the care of the anaesthetist after an operation until he wakes in the ward his physiological state should be continuously and expertly supervised. Postoperative nurses are provided only when the operating theatre has a recovery room. A survey among consultants and nurses in one region showed that many surgical units did not have recovery rooms and that inexperienced ward nurses were often sent to collect patients. The survey showed that most nurses were competent to care for unconscious patients so long as an emergency did not arise. In many hospitals the facilities for the safe nursing of postoperative patients were totally inadequate. The very least that is needed is good communications with the anaesthetist, adequate lighting, and a source of oxygen and suction. Because of the shortage of nurses likely to have to care for postanaesthetic patients early on and to train them accordingly. Nevertheless, recovery nurses, whose sole responsibility is to care for a patient until be has recovered from anaesthesia, should be appointed for all busy surgical units.