ABSTRACT
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Refractive surgery procedures have been performed on children since the early 1980s. This article will review this history as well as current thoughts on treating children with large refractive errors. RECENT FINDINGS: Pediatric refractive surgery has developed slowly as very few children fit the criteria for treatment. For this reason, practice patterns are varied and publications are rare. Publications in recent years have focused on intraocular procedures over laser refractive surgery. SUMMARY: Pediatric refractive surgery is an evolving field as surgeons try to find the best long-term treatments for these young patients.
Subject(s)
Refractive Errors/therapy , Refractive Surgical Procedures/methods , Child , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , Practice Patterns, Physicians' , Refractive Surgical Procedures/historyABSTRACT
Various materials have been placed in the corneal stroma to modify a spherical refractive error (usually hyperopic). As the surgical procedures evolved to simplify the insertion process so has the quality and biocompatibility of the implanted materials. Failures have been due to excessive inlay dimensions, bioincompatibility of the materials used, poor choice of test model, or combinations of the above. We present a thorough analysis of the history of the intracorneal inlay and the materials and techniques used up to and including the current materials and techniques available for the correction of spherical refractive errors.
Subject(s)
Corneal Stroma/surgery , Prostheses and Implants , Prosthesis Implantation/methods , Refractive Surgical Procedures/methods , Animals , Biocompatible Materials , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , Hydrogels/therapeutic use , Models, Animal , Postoperative Complications , Refraction, Ocular , Refractive Surgical Procedures/history , Surgical Flaps , Visual AcuityABSTRACT
In this 2-part overview, the current status of phakic intraocular lens (pIOL) surgery to correct refractive errors is reviewed. Three types of pIOLs, categorized by their intraocular position, are included: angle-supported anterior chamber, iris-fixated anterior chamber, and posterior chamber (usually fixated in the ciliary sulcus). Part 1 reviews the main models of each pIOL type, the selection criteria, and the surgical techniques, with emphasis on currently available pIOLs. Bioptics, adjustable refractive surgery, and enhancements are addressed, and applications of the new anterior segment imaging techniques are reviewed.
Subject(s)
Lens Implantation, Intraocular , Phakic Intraocular Lenses , Refractive Errors/therapy , Refractive Surgical Procedures , Acrylic Resins , Anterior Chamber/surgery , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , Lens Implantation, Intraocular/history , Lens Implantation, Intraocular/methods , Polymethyl Methacrylate , Posterior Eye Segment/surgery , Prosthesis Design , Refractive Surgical Procedures/history , Refractive Surgical Procedures/methodsABSTRACT
The history of laser refractive surgery is reviewed, followed by an overview of the current state of the field as well as a look at promising future developments.
Subject(s)
Laser Therapy/methods , Laser Therapy/trends , Refractive Surgical Procedures/methods , Refractive Surgical Procedures/trends , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , Laser Therapy/history , Refractive Surgical Procedures/historyABSTRACT
Many advances have been made in laser refractive surgery, and this review examines how they have affected treatment outcomes in individuals with varying degrees of myopia (law, moderate, and high). Studies with a minimum follow-up of 1 year with at least 2 of the 3 major outcome measures--efficacy, stability, and safety--were reviewed, and how the findings were affected by differences in ethnicity was assessed.
