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1.
Korean J Ophthalmol ; 38(3): 236-248, 2024 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38712388

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study sought to compare the long-term outcomes of surgeries for retinal detachment (RD) secondary to viral or parasitic infectious retinitis. METHODS: A total of 47 eyes that received pars plana vitrectomy with or without scleral buckling due to RD secondary to polymerase chain reaction-proven viral (cytomegalovirus, varicella zoster virus, and herpes zoster virus) or parasitic (toxoplasma and toxocara) retinitis from October 1, 2006, to June 30, 2023, in a single medical center were retrospectively enrolled. RESULTS: Mean follow-up period was 59.03 ± 55.24 months in viral retinitis and 34.80 ± 33.78 months in parasitic retinitis after primary reattachment surgery. During follow-up, nine eyes (24.3%) with viral retinitis and five eyes (50.0%) with parasitic retinitis developed retinal redetachment. Visual acuity success at final follow-up was achieved in 19 eyes (51.4%) with viral retinitis and six eyes (60.0%) with parasitic retinitis (p = 0.64). The incidence of retinal redetachment during the 1st postoperative year was significantly higher in parasitic retinitis compared with viral retinitis (crude incidence, 0.21 vs. 0.85; p = 0.02). Hazard ratio analysis adjusted for age and sex showed 4.58-fold (95% confidence interval, 1.22-17.27; p = 0.03) increased risk of retinal redetachment in parasitic retinitis compared with viral retinitis during the 1st postoperative year. Tamponade with silicone oil and preoperative diagnostic vitrectomy were associated with significantly decreased risk of retinal redetachment in patients with parasitic retinitis. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with RD secondary to viral retinitis, RD secondary to parasitic retinitis showed higher incidence of retinal redetachment during the 1st postoperative year. Tamponade with silicone oil and preoperative diagnostic vitrectomy were associated with significantly decreased risk of retinal redetachment in patients with parasitic retinitis.


Subject(s)
Eye Infections, Parasitic , Eye Infections, Viral , Retinal Detachment , Retinitis , Visual Acuity , Vitrectomy , Humans , Retinal Detachment/surgery , Retinal Detachment/etiology , Retinal Detachment/diagnosis , Female , Male , Retrospective Studies , Vitrectomy/methods , Adult , Follow-Up Studies , Middle Aged , Eye Infections, Parasitic/diagnosis , Eye Infections, Parasitic/parasitology , Eye Infections, Parasitic/surgery , Eye Infections, Parasitic/complications , Eye Infections, Viral/diagnosis , Eye Infections, Viral/virology , Eye Infections, Viral/complications , Retinitis/diagnosis , Retinitis/parasitology , Retinitis/surgery , Retinitis/virology , Scleral Buckling/methods , Young Adult , Adolescent , Incidence , Aged , Treatment Outcome , Time Factors , Child
2.
Int Ophthalmol ; 41(10): 3487-3496, 2021 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34259958

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of idiopathic retinitis, vasculitis, aneurysms, and neuroretinitis (IRVAN) in a cohort of Chinese patients. MATERIALS: The clinical history, imaging evaluation, treatment and outcomes of 42 eyes in 21 patients diagnosed with IRVAN in a 15-year period were reviewed. RESULTS: Most patients were females (90%) ranged from 15 to 58 years old. The initial decimal best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of the patients ranged from light perception (LP) to 1.5 (0.55 ± 0.38). Eighteen eyes were in stage 2; 21 eyes in stage 3; and 1 in stage 5 at the initial visits according to the present staging system. Two eyes had vitreoretinal fibrovascular proliferation (FVP) and tractional retinal detachment (RD) at the initial visit. Intra-retinal microvascular abnormality (IRMA) was found in 7 eyes. Thirty-four eyes received retinal photocoagulation, 27 of which were pan-retinal photocoagulation (PRP). Total of 8 PPV were performed for VH, vitreoretinal FVP and RD, and macular epimembrane. Aneurysms on the head of optic nerve and artery bifurcations disappeared in 8 eyes and decreased in number in 2 eyes 1 year after photocoagulation. However, the BCVA of the patients did not have significant difference from that at the initial visits (P = 0.534). Seven eyes suffered severe visual impairment (BCVA ≤ 0.1) due to vitreoretinal FVP and tractional RD (3), exudative maculopathy (2), paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM)(1), and neovascular glaucoma (NVG) (1). CONCLUSIONS: We found that IRVAN have a predilection to female gender. Vitreoretinal FVP and tractional RD and exudative maculopathy are major causes of severe visual impairment in IRVAN patients. We propose to revise the present staging system to include vitreoretinal FVP and RD in the staging of IRVAN patients.


Subject(s)
Aneurysm , Retinal Vasculitis , Retinitis , Adolescent , Adult , Aneurysm/diagnosis , Aneurysm/surgery , China , Female , Fluorescein Angiography , Fundus Oculi , Humans , Laser Coagulation , Middle Aged , Retinal Vasculitis/diagnosis , Retinal Vasculitis/surgery , Retinitis/diagnosis , Retinitis/surgery , Young Adult
3.
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina ; 51(12): 733-735, 2020 Dec 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33339057

ABSTRACT

Diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN) is a rare ocular infectious disease caused by migrating larvae of a nematode. DUSN is often a diagnostic challenge as it is difficult to identify the pathogenic nematode on funduscopic examination because it moves frequently and often resides within the subretinal space. Herein, the authors present a patient with unilateral, chronic visual loss who was noted to have a live, motile worm within the vitreous cavity. Initial attempts to treat with laser photocoagulation were unsuccessful. In the accompanying video, the authors report the first case of a live intraocular parasite successfully removed with pars plana vitrectomy.


Subject(s)
Eye Infections, Parasitic , Nematoda , Parasites , Retinitis , Animals , Eye Infections, Parasitic/diagnosis , Eye Infections, Parasitic/surgery , Humans , Retinitis/diagnosis , Retinitis/surgery , Vitrectomy
6.
Indian J Ophthalmol ; 67(9): 1494-1496, 2019 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31436212

ABSTRACT

A 46-year-old male presented with best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/125 in his right eye. Fundus showed disc edema, multiple yellow outer retinal crops, macular edema and a live motile worm in the subretinal space. Diagnosis of diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN) was made and pattern scanning laser photocoagulation (PSLP) was performed along with administration of oral albendazole, diethylcarbamazine and corticosteroids. Complete disappearance of the worm was observed at 2 weeks. At last follow up, final BCVA improved to 20/30. Herein, we report role of PSLP in the management of DUSN.


Subject(s)
Eye Infections, Parasitic/complications , Fluorescein Angiography/methods , Laser Coagulation/methods , Retina/pathology , Retinitis/surgery , Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods , Visual Acuity , Eye Infections, Parasitic/diagnosis , Eye Infections, Parasitic/surgery , Fundus Oculi , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Retinitis/diagnosis , Retinitis/etiology
7.
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther ; 27: 336-339, 2019 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31260747

ABSTRACT

Idiopathic retinal vasculitis, aneurysms and neuroretinitis (IRVAN) syndrome is a disease characterized by multiple retinal macroanurysms, neuroretinitis and ischemia in peripheral vessels, which are difficult to diagnose and cause visual loss if delayed. It consists of 5 stages and causes irreversible vision loss with severe complications after stage 2. In this report, photodiagnosis and combined treatment are defined in a Turkish patient with IRVAN syndrome during 6 months of follow-up. Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) showed that bilateral aneurysms in retinal vessels as well as aneurysms and ischemic regions were observed in the inferotemporal retina of the left eye. Argon laser photocoagulation was performed to ischemic regions at the left eye. 2 months later best corrected visual acuities were 20/20 and counting fingers from 1 m in the right and left eyes, respectively. Fundus and OCT images showed that an increase in exudations was observed at the left eye and intravitreal injection of dexametasone implant was considered. Three months after initial presentation, best corrected visual acuities were 20/20 and counting fingers from 2 m in right and left eyes, consequetively. In the last fundus and OCT images, the exudations decreased and disappeared on left eye. In this patient, we could not detect an increase in vision due to damage of photoreceptor cells because of subretinal exudation. In the shed-light of this case, the combination therapy seems to improved the anatomical and functional outcomes in IRVAN syndrome however close follow-up and frequent examinations should be prioritized.


Subject(s)
Aneurysm/diagnosis , Fluorescein Angiography/methods , Retinal Vasculitis/diagnosis , Retinitis/diagnosis , Aneurysm/surgery , Fundus Oculi , Humans , Light Coagulation/methods , Male , Middle Aged , Retinal Vasculitis/surgery , Retinal Vessels/pathology , Retinitis/surgery , Syndrome
8.
Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol ; 257(5): 1013-1018, 2019 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30877369

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to report the clinical presentation, disease progression, treatment and complications of IRVAN. METHOD: Case series PATIENTS: Six eyes from three patients were included. RESULTS: All eyes were treated with pan-retinal photocoagulation (PRP). One eye received Ozurdex (dexamethasome implant) for persistent macular exudates and oedema. One eye received Avastin injections for retinal neovascularization. Oral steroids were given to all patients at some point during the disease process. One patient had additional immunosuppression with mycophenolate mofetil. Despite aggressive PRP, the visual outcomes varied widely. One patient maintained 6/6 vision bilaterally at 84 months follow-up. The second patient had progressive visual loss secondary to macular exudates and oedema, from 6/9 right eye, 6/6 left eye to 6/18 right eye, 6/60 left eye within 12 months despite Ozurdex injection. The third patient's vision at presentation was 6/5 right eye, and 6/4 left eye. Despite further interventions including Avastin and mycophenolate mofetil, he continued to have progressive neovascularization and recurrent vitreous haemorrhage. At 72 months, his vision had deteriorated to 6/60 right eye, 6/18 left eye. CONCLUSION: The progression of IRVAN can vary greatly, in spite of aggressive treatment with PRP, oral and intravitreal steroids, immunosuppressant medication and anti-VEGF agents. The variation in disease progression occurs both within the same individual as well as between individuals. An individualised approach to therapy is advocated.


Subject(s)
Aneurysm/diagnosis , Fluorescein Angiography/methods , Multimodal Imaging , Retinal Artery , Retinal Vasculitis/diagnosis , Retinitis/diagnosis , Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Fundus Oculi , Humans , Laser Coagulation , Male , Retinal Vasculitis/surgery , Retinitis/surgery , Young Adult
9.
Int Ophthalmol ; 39(7): 1475-1482, 2019 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29934930

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: We aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics of idiopathic retinal vasculitis, aneurysms, and neuroretinitis (IRVAN) syndrome. Furthermore, we aimed to correlate the number and location of retinal aneurysms with the size of retinal non-perfusion area and neovascularization. METHODS: Six patients with IRVAN syndrome (1 male and 5 females, age 5-38 years) were enrolled in this study. Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) was used to determine the total number of retinal aneurysms, number of aneurysms within the first branch of the retinal artery, minimum distance between the non-perfusion margin and the optic disc, and the number of retinal aneurysms in each quadrant, as well as the type of neovascularization. RESULTS: The size of the non-perfusion area was positively correlated with the total number of retinal aneurysms, the number of aneurysms within the first branch of the retinal artery, and the number of retinal aneurysms in each quadrant (P < 0.05). During the 5-year follow-up, one patient exhibited a dynamic change in the number and location of retinal aneurysms. CONCLUSIONS: In IRVAN syndrome, the number and location of retinal aneurysms correlate with the size of retinal non-perfusion area and type of neovascularization.


Subject(s)
Aneurysm/diagnosis , Retinal Artery , Retinal Vasculitis/diagnosis , Retinal Vessels/pathology , Retinitis/diagnosis , Visual Acuity , Adolescent , Adult , Aneurysm/complications , Aneurysm/surgery , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Fluorescein Angiography , Fundus Oculi , Humans , Laser Coagulation/methods , Male , Prognosis , Retinal Vasculitis/complications , Retinal Vasculitis/surgery , Retinitis/complications , Retinitis/surgery , Syndrome , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Young Adult
12.
Can J Ophthalmol ; 53(5): 435-440, 2018 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30340706

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Idiopathic retinal vasculitis, aneurysms, and neuroretinitis (IRVAN) syndrome is a rare entity with a potentially poor visual prognosis. Our objective is to review the clinical presentation and long-term outcomes of patients with IRVAN syndrome. DESIGN: This is a retrospective case series. METHODS: We reviewed the charts of all the patients diagnosed with IRVAN syndrome at our tertiary care centre from 2002 to 2015. RESULTS: We included the long-term clinical outcomes of 7 eyes (5 patients) diagnosed with IRVAN syndrome. After a mean follow-up of 84.9 months, best-corrected visual acuity was 20/40 or better in the majority of eyes (70%). Four (57.1%) patients had systemic conditions, namely, multiple sclerosis, ischemic stroke, and positive antiphospholipid titres. All eyes were treated with laser photocoagulation. Four (40%) eyes received adjunctive intravitreal bevacizumab injections. CONCLUSION: IRVAN is an important diagnosis for clinicians to recognize. When treated in a timely manner, long-term visual outcomes can be favourable.


Subject(s)
Aneurysm/diagnosis , Aneurysm/surgery , Retinal Artery , Retinal Vasculitis/diagnosis , Retinitis/diagnosis , Retinitis/surgery , Visual Acuity , Adult , Angiogenesis Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Bevacizumab/administration & dosage , Female , Fluorescein Angiography , Follow-Up Studies , Fundus Oculi , Humans , Intravitreal Injections , Laser Coagulation , Male , Middle Aged , Retinal Vasculitis/drug therapy , Retinal Vasculitis/surgery , Retinitis/drug therapy , Retrospective Studies , Syndrome , Time Factors
13.
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina ; 48(11): 948-951, 2017 11 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29121367

ABSTRACT

Idiopathic retinal vasculitis, aneurysms, and neuroretinitis (IRVAN) is a rare syndrome affecting the retinal and optic disc vasculature. Diffuse retinal ischemia, macular edema, and neovascularization may lead to bilateral vision loss. The authors report a case of a 36-year-old woman presenting with branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) in her right eye who was subsequently diagnosed with IRVAN syndrome. She was treated with panretinal photocoagulation for peripheral retinal ischemia and pars plana vitrectomy for vitreous hemorrhage. She later developed a BRAO in her left eye. This case demonstrates that BRAO may be a presenting feature of IRVAN syndrome. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2017;48:948-951.].


Subject(s)
Aneurysm/diagnosis , Retinal Artery Occlusion/diagnosis , Retinal Vasculitis/diagnosis , Retinal Vessels/pathology , Retinitis/diagnosis , Adult , Aneurysm/surgery , Female , Fluorescein Angiography , Humans , Laser Coagulation , Retinal Artery Occlusion/surgery , Retinal Vasculitis/surgery , Retinitis/surgery , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Vitrectomy
14.
Med Hypotheses ; 98: 60-62, 2017 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28012608

ABSTRACT

Recently, peeling of internal limiting membrane (ILM) has become one of the most common and effective surgical procedures for macular disorders. The authors discuss the adverse effects of such procedures and explore the possible functions of the membrane. We also suggest a barrier function of this membrane in addition to its possible other physiological roles. Thus, apart from the well-known inner and outer retinal barriers, ILM might be the third and innermost retinal barrier. The possible evidences supporting this hypothesis are presented.


Subject(s)
Eye Diseases/surgery , Retina/pathology , Retinitis/surgery , Blood-Retinal Barrier , Genetic Therapy , Hemorrhage/pathology , Humans , Models, Theoretical , Necrosis , Retina/anatomy & histology , Retina/surgery , Retinal Diseases/pathology , Retinal Pigment Epithelium/pathology , Retinal Vessels/pathology , Retinitis/pathology , Retinitis/therapy , Tomography, Optical Coherence
16.
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina ; 47(7): 686-90, 2016 07 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27434904

ABSTRACT

Diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN) is an ocular disease caused by a subretinal nematode worm. The authors present a unique case of a 9-year-old girl with DUSN due to presumed Baylisascaris procyonis, given the size of the worm and previous raccoon exposure. The worm was located in the inner retina and treated with laser photocoagulation and albendazole. At the 1-week follow-up, the worm was still mobile despite being inactive immediately after the initial laser treatment and required a more prolonged laser session. This case serves to highlight the importance of close follow-up in patients with DUSN to ensure the worm is inactivated. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2016;47:686-690.].


Subject(s)
Eye Infections, Parasitic/diagnosis , Laser Coagulation , Nematode Infections/diagnosis , Raccoons/parasitology , Retina/diagnostic imaging , Retinitis/diagnosis , Animals , Child , Eye Infections, Parasitic/parasitology , Eye Infections, Parasitic/surgery , Female , Humans , Nematode Infections/parasitology , Nematode Infections/surgery , Retina/parasitology , Retinitis/parasitology , Retinitis/surgery , Tomography, Optical Coherence
17.
Pan Afr Med J ; 20: 13, 2015.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25995810

ABSTRACT

Neuroretinitis (NR) is an inflammatory disorder characterized by optic disc edema and subsequent formation of a macular star. We present a case of a 33 year old woman patient admitted for a progressive bilateral visual loss since two weeks. Fundus examination showed bilateral stellate neuroretinitis. Physical examination revealed a malignant hypertension of 210/150 mmHg. Magnetic resonance imaging identified a left suprarenal mass, whereas urinary catecholamine level was abnormally high which supported a diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. The patient underwent a laparoscopic left suprarenal adrenalectomy after successful control of blood pressure. histopathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. Visual acuity was restored and the retinal alterations disappeared 7 months after surgery.


Subject(s)
Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/complications , Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/diagnosis , Pheochromocytoma/complications , Pheochromocytoma/diagnosis , Retinitis/etiology , Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/surgery , Adrenalectomy , Adult , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Fundus Oculi , Humans , Papilledema/diagnosis , Papilledema/etiology , Papilledema/surgery , Pheochromocytoma/surgery , Retinitis/diagnosis , Retinitis/surgery , Vision, Low/diagnosis , Vision, Low/etiology
19.
Arch. Soc. Esp. Oftalmol ; 89(3): 117-120, mar. 2014. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-120928

ABSTRACT

CASO CLÍNICO: Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 55 años con vasculitis retiniana, aneurismas arteriales múltiples en el polo posterior, exudación macular e hipoperfusión periférica bilateral (IRVAN) tratada precozmente con panfotocoagulación periférica. Tras 3 años de seguimiento la agudeza visual permanece estable y no hay progresión de la isquemia. DISCUSIÓN: El síndrome de IRVAN con neovascularización es difícil de controlar y el riesgo de progresión a glaucoma neovascular, a pesar del tratamiento, es alto. La panfotocoagulación en estadios iniciales es eficaz para controlar la isquemia y debe realizarse lo antes posible


CASE REPORT: A 55 year old woman presented with retinal vasculitis, multiple aneurysms, macular exudation and widespread retinal nonperfusion and was diagnosed with IRVAN. She was treated with panretinal laser photocoagulation. After 3 years of follow up visual acuity remains stable and there are no complications due to ischaemic sequelae. DISCUSSION: IRVAN syndrome with neovascularisation can progress rapidly despite laser treatment. Panretinal laser photocoagulation has to be considered in the early stages as it is effective in stopping the progression of ischaemia


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Aneurysm/surgery , Retinal Vasculitis/surgery , Light Coagulation/methods , Retinitis/surgery , Angioplasty, Laser/methods , Visual Acuity
20.
Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol ; 89(3): 117-20, 2014 Mar.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24269400

ABSTRACT

CASE REPORT: A 55 year old woman presented with retinal vasculitis, multiple aneurysms, macular exudation and widespread retinal nonperfusion and was diagnosed with IRVAN. She was treated with panretinal laser photocoagulation. After 3 years of follow up visual acuity remains stable and there are no complications due to ischaemic sequelae. DISCUSSION: IRVAN syndrome with neovascularisation can progress rapidly despite laser treatment. Panretinal laser photocoagulation has to be considered in the early stages as it is effective in stopping the progression of ischaemia.


Subject(s)
Aneurysm/surgery , Laser Coagulation , Retinal Artery , Retinal Vasculitis/surgery , Retinitis/surgery , Aneurysm/complications , Early Medical Intervention , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Retinal Vasculitis/complications , Retinitis/complications
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