ABSTRACT
Serum creatinine may be elevated in renal transplant patients due to retroperitoneal reabsorption of extravasated urine, despite normal excretion. The combination of a normal urogram and elevated serum creatinine should suggest urine extravasation.
Subject(s)
Kidney Transplantation , Retroperitoneal Space/metabolism , Urine/metabolism , Absorption , Creatinine/blood , Creatinine/metabolism , Humans , Kidney/diagnostic imaging , Postoperative Complications/diagnostic imaging , RadiographyABSTRACT
This study was to investigate the transfer of cefmenoxime (CMX) to the retroperitoneal fluid after extensive panhysterectomy. Twenty-two cases were examined and they were divided into 2 groups, 10 with 1.0 g and 12 with 2.0 g bolus intravenous administration of CMX. In 1.0 g group, CMX concentration in the retroperitoneal fluid was observed 42.0 +/- 9.59 micrograms/ml (Mean +/- S.D.) at 1 hour and thereafter decreased gradually, but it still remained 7.91 +/- 5.18 micrograms/ml at 6 hours after the administration. In 2.0 g group, its concentration was 33.4 +/- 34.5 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes and reached to the peak level of 45.1 +/- 24.6 micrograms/ml at 1 hour and then declined slowly, but it remained 13.3 +/- 8.28 micrograms/ml at 6 hours after the injection. The results demonstrated sufficient transfer of CMX to the retroperitoneal fluid.
Subject(s)
Cefotaxime/analogs & derivatives , Hysterectomy , Retroperitoneal Space/metabolism , Adult , Aged , Body Fluids/metabolism , Cefmenoxime , Cefotaxime/administration & dosage , Cefotaxime/metabolism , Female , Humans , Injections, Intravenous , Middle Aged , Postoperative Period , Uterine Neoplasms/metabolism , Uterine Neoplasms/surgeryABSTRACT
Ceftazidime ( CAZ ), a new cephalosporin antibiotic, was studied for transference into tissues and clinical efficacy in the field of obstetrics and gynecology, and the following results were obtained: After one shot intravenous injection of CAZ 1 g, favourable transference of CAZ into uterine tissues was observed. While the mean serum level at 1 hour after the administration was 50.2 micrograms/ml, the levels in oviduct, ovary, endometrium, myometrium, cervix uteri and portio vaginalis were 25.9, 31.6, 24.9, 24.5, 34.2 micrograms/g and 40.6 micrograms/g, respectively. The half-life of CAZ in these tissues ranged from 1.16 to 1.65 hours while that in serum was 1.24 hours. The peak level in retroperitoneal space exudate (25.3 micrograms/ml) was obtained at 3 hours after one shot intravenous injection of CAZ 1 g. The level was still as high as 2.68 micrograms/ml even 12 hours after the administration. Out of 4 cases of obstetric and gynecological infections, 3 cases were assessable, CAZ was effective in these 3 assessable cases. Neither adverse effects nor abnormalities in laboratory findings due to CAZ were observed. Based on these results, CAZ is considered to be an highly effective antibiotic with good transference into uterine tissues and clinical efficacy in obstetric and gynecological infections.
Subject(s)
Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Cephalosporins/metabolism , Genital Diseases, Female/drug therapy , Adult , Ceftazidime , Cephalosporins/adverse effects , Cephalosporins/therapeutic use , Drug Evaluation , Female , Half-Life , Humans , Middle Aged , Pregnancy , Puerperal Infection/drug therapy , Retroperitoneal Space/metabolism , Uterus/metabolismABSTRACT
The intent of the study was to investigate the transfer of CMZ to the retroperitoneal space exudate after hysterectomy (11 cases of simple abdominal hysterectomy and 6 cases of radical hysterectomy). Concentration of CMZ in the lymphnode was also measured in 2 cases. The results were as follows. Concentration in the retroperitoneal space exudate of CMZ after administration (intravenous drip infusion 1 or 2 g/hour) reached its peak 2 hours after administration (approximately 1 hour later than its peak in the blood). The peak level in the exudate was 1/3 to 2/3 of the peak level in the blood. After 2 hours, the concentration of CMZ in the exudate decreased gradually. The concentration of CMZ in the retroperitoneal space exudate in cases of simple abdominal hysterectomy was higher than in those of radical hysterectomy. After 1 to 3 days of radical hysterectomy, the transfer of CMZ into the exudate was as good as the transfer of that in the period immediately after operation. CMZ concentration in the lymphnode in the cases of radical hysterectomy reached 9 to 13 micrograms/mg approximately 1 hour after the start of CMZ administration (d.i. 2 g in 1 hour). Research results suggest that lymph circulation, in addition to blood stream, plays an important role in the transfer of antibiotics toward the pelvic dead space.
Subject(s)
Cephamycins/metabolism , Hysterectomy , Retroperitoneal Space/metabolism , Adult , Aged , Cefmetazole , Cephamycins/administration & dosage , Cephamycins/blood , Exudates and Transudates/analysis , Female , Humans , Infusions, Parenteral , Lymph Nodes/metabolism , Middle Aged , Postoperative Period , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Histological, histochemical, electron microscopic and biochemical methods were used to study the ability of retroperitoneal brown adipose tissue to steroidogenesis in 54 normal and adrenalectomized adult albino rats. The activity of glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase in the adipose tissue of "brown" type was established to increase as well as the content of compounds with active carbonyl groups. The size of mtochondria was sharply increased. Biochemical analysis of the brown adipose tissue determined considerable concentration of corticosterone equal to one fifth of the average concentration of this hormone in the adrenocortical tissue. The obtained data indirectly confirm the hypothesis of possible formation of steroid hormones in the retroperitoneal brown adipose tissue in rats.
