Subject(s)
Abdominal Pain , Aortic Aneurysm , Aortic Coarctation , Rubella Syndrome, Congenital , Sinus of Valsalva , Abdominal Pain/diagnosis , Abdominal Pain/etiology , Aortic Aneurysm/diagnostic imaging , Aortic Aneurysm/etiology , Aortic Aneurysm/physiopathology , Aortic Coarctation/diagnosis , Aortic Coarctation/physiopathology , Blindness/congenital , Diagnosis, Differential , Echocardiography/methods , Female , Hemodynamics , Humans , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods , Middle Aged , Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/complications , Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/diagnosis , Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/physiopathology , Sinus of Valsalva/abnormalities , Sinus of Valsalva/diagnostic imaging , Sinus of Valsalva/physiopathology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methodsABSTRACT
A rubéola é uma doença viral, caracterizada como autolimitada e com evolução benigna,porém o fator de maior preocupação relacionado ao vírus da rubéola ocorre quando a infecção acomete gestantes, devido à capacidade que o vírus possui de causar infecção transpondo a barreira placentária podendo gerar a síndrome da rubéola congênita (SRC). Objetivo: O estudo pesquisou dados atualizados sobre a temática para advertir a população sobre os riscos relacionados à síndrome da rubéola congênita, além de contribuir com conhecimento científico de acadêmicos, profissionais da saúde e pesquisadores. Método: Para a elaboração do artigo de atualização, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica na ferramenta de busca Google Acadêmico, Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), Ministério da Saúde e alguns livros, a fim de selecionar artigos e conteúdos disponíveis e atualizados para proporcionar maior compreensão do tema. Considerações Finais: O surgimento da vacina contra o vírus da rubéola foi uma grande conquista para a humanidade, uma vez que, após sua inclusão, houve uma redução significativa no número de casos novos de síndrome da rubéola congênita. Além disso, observou-se no decorrer da pesquisa uma grande dificuldade de encontrar trabalhos recém-publicados relacionados ao tema estudado
Rubella is viral disease, characterized as self-limiting and with a benign course, however the factor of greater concern related to rubella virus occurs when the infection affects pregnant women, due to the ability of the virus to cause infection by transposing the placental barrier, cangenerate the congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). Objective: The study searched update data on the subject to warn the population on related risks congenital rubella syndrome besides contributing with scientific knowledge of academics, health professionals and researchers. Method: For the elaboration of the update article, a bibliographic review was carried out in the Google Scholar search tool, the Notification of Injury Information System (SINAN), the Ministry of Health and some books, in order to select articles and contents available and update to provide understanding of the theme. Final considerations: The emergence of the rubella virus vaccine was great achievement for mankind, since after its inclusion there was a significant a reduction in the number of new cases of congenital rubella syndrome. In addition, it was observed during the research a great difficulty to find recently published papers related to the subject studied
Subject(s)
Congenital Abnormalities , Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/diagnosis , Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/physiopathology , Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/prevention & control , Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/therapy , Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/transmission , Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/epidemiology , Virus DiseasesSubject(s)
Antibodies, Viral/blood , Eye Infections, Viral/diagnosis , Retinitis Pigmentosa/diagnosis , Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/diagnosis , Rubella virus/immunology , Electroretinography , Eye Infections, Viral/immunology , Eye Infections, Viral/physiopathology , Humans , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Male , Multimodal Imaging , Retina/physiopathology , Retinitis Pigmentosa/immunology , Retinitis Pigmentosa/physiopathology , Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/immunology , Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/physiopathology , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Young AdultABSTRACT
This study investigated the features of developmental difficulties combined with sensory defects in children with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). Following a large rubella outbreak in Khanh Hoa Province, Vietnam, in 2011, we enrolled 41 children with CRS from September 2011 through May 2013. Fourteen participants died and six became untraceable by October 2013; the remaining 21 children were followed up from 2013 to 2015. Thirteen and seven participants had hearing and functional ophthalmological impairment, respectively. Developmental difficulties were suspected in 19 (95%) children who failed in at least one area of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) and/or Denver II in 2013 and/or 2015. Developmental difficulties were frequently identified in the ASQ communication domain (n = 14 in 2013) and Denver II language area (n = 13 in 2013). Seven (41%) participants were suspected of having autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in 2013 by the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers. In 2015, proportions of children failing the problem-solving (62%) and personal-social (62%) domains had increased and two of 13 were diagnosed with ASD by the Childhood Autism Rating Scale, Second Edition. Developmental difficulties were suspected in most children with CRS, including autism largely combined with sensory dysfunction.
Subject(s)
Autism Spectrum Disorder , Developmental Disabilities , Rubella Syndrome, Congenital , Autism Spectrum Disorder/epidemiology , Autism Spectrum Disorder/pathology , Autism Spectrum Disorder/physiopathology , Child , Child, Preschool , Developmental Disabilities/epidemiology , Developmental Disabilities/pathology , Developmental Disabilities/physiopathology , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/epidemiology , Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/pathology , Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/physiopathologyABSTRACT
The visual tract is prominently involved in schizophrenia, as evidenced by perceptual distortions and a type of nystagmus found in many individuals affected. Genetic explanations for these abnormalities have been suggested. This study proposes an alternate explanation based on infection. Several infectious agents thought to be associated with some cases of schizophrenia are known to cause both infection of the fetus and abnormalities of the eye. Toxoplasma gondii is examined in detail, and rubella, cytomegalovirus, varicella-zoster virus, and herpes simplex virus more briefly. Careful ophthalmic assessments, including funduscopy and direct examination of tissues for infectious agents, will clarify the role of such agents in ocular aspects of schizophrenia.
Subject(s)
Eye Diseases , Herpesviridae Infections , Ocular Motility Disorders , Perceptual Disorders , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , Rubella Syndrome, Congenital , Schizophrenia , Toxoplasmosis, Ocular , Visual Perception/physiology , Eye Diseases/etiology , Eye Diseases/microbiology , Eye Diseases/physiopathology , Female , Herpesviridae Infections/complications , Herpesviridae Infections/physiopathology , Humans , Ocular Motility Disorders/etiology , Ocular Motility Disorders/microbiology , Ocular Motility Disorders/physiopathology , Perceptual Disorders/etiology , Perceptual Disorders/microbiology , Perceptual Disorders/physiopathology , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/microbiology , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/physiopathology , Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/complications , Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/physiopathology , Schizophrenia/etiology , Schizophrenia/microbiology , Schizophrenia/physiopathology , Toxoplasmosis, Ocular/complications , Toxoplasmosis, Ocular/physiopathologyABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: Vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials and caloric tests in infants with congenital rubella. OBJECTIVE: Congenital rubella is rare due to maternal vaccination, but vestibular function can be markedly impaired in affected infants. Currently, vestibular testing is not routinely performed in infants. This study evaluated inner ear function in infants with congenital rubella. METHODOLOGY: The study included 54 3-month-old infants: 40 healthy controls and 14 with congenital rubella that was serologically confirmed in mothers and infants. There were two subgroups of infants with congenital rubella: 6 infants with clinical symptoms of intrauterine rubella infection present at birth and 8 asymptomatic infants. Caloric testing and vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) testing were performed on all of the infants. RESULTS: In congenital rubella there was no reaction to caloric stimulation in 43% of the ears, and no VEMPs were recorded in 64%. The hearing thresholds were below 80 dB hearing level in 21% of the ears and greater than 80 dB hearing level in 43% of the ears. CONCLUSIONS: The degree of vestibular organ impairment in infants with congenital rubella is higher in individuals with profound hearing loss. VEMPs were absent more frequently than were caloric responses. Vestibular testing should be routinely performed in all infants with congenital rubella.
Subject(s)
Caloric Tests , Evoked Potentials, Auditory , Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/physiopathology , Vestibular Function Tests , Acoustic Stimulation , Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Neck Muscles/physiopathology , Otolithic Membrane/physiopathology , Semicircular Canals/physiopathologyABSTRACT
The term blueberry muffin baby was initially coined by pediatricians to describe cutaneous manifestations observed in newborns infected with rubella during the American epidemic of the 1960s. These children had generalized hemorrhagic purpuric eruptions that on histopathology showed dermal erythropoiesis. Since then, congenital infections comprising the TORCH syndrome (toxoplasmosis, other, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes) and hematologic dyscrasias have classically been associated with blueberry muffin-like lesion.
Subject(s)
Cytomegalovirus Infections/complications , Hematologic Diseases/complications , Hematopoiesis, Extramedullary , Purpura/diagnosis , Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/complications , Skin Diseases/diagnosis , Cytomegalovirus Infections/congenital , Cytomegalovirus Infections/diagnosis , Cytomegalovirus Infections/physiopathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Hematologic Diseases/physiopathology , Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell/diagnosis , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Leukemic Infiltration/diagnosis , Neuroblastoma/diagnosis , Purpura/etiology , Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/diagnosis , Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/physiopathology , Sarcoma, Myeloid/diagnosis , Skin/pathology , Skin Diseases/etiology , SyndromeABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) is defined clinically as an illness usually manifesting in infancy, resulting from rubella infection in utero with certain specific signs and symptoms. Confirmed CRS is a clinically consistent case which is laboratory confirmed. A report of a 3 month old male diagnosed with confirmed congenital rubella is here presented on account of its rarity and easy prevention with vaccination. METHOD: The case notes of 3 month old male admitted with features consistent with CRS and managed for overwhelming septicaemia with heart failure and encephalitis and review of literature on the subject using manual library and Medline search. RESULT: The infant's Rubella-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody demonstrated positive and the rubella antibody level was high at 11.6 IU/ml. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of confirmed CRS in our centre. Though few cases are seen, the effects and defects on the child are severe and irreversible thus, vaccination with Measles-mump-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended as part of the National Programme on Immunization and for all females of child bearing age, who did not receive it in childhood.
Subject(s)
Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/diagnosis , Eye Abnormalities/etiology , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/etiology , Heart Defects, Congenital/etiology , Hospitals, Teaching , Humans , Immunization Schedule , Infant , Male , Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine , Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/pathology , Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/physiopathology , Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/prevention & controlSubject(s)
Abnormalities, Multiple/microbiology , Cytomegalovirus Infections/physiopathology , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/physiopathology , Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/physiopathology , Syphilis, Congenital/physiopathology , Abnormalities, Multiple/virology , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Maternal-Fetal Exchange , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/microbiology , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Los casos de rubéola congénita en México se consideran un problema esporádico.Objetivo: Analizar y describir los hallazgos clínicos asociados a rubéola congénita (RC) en lactantes atendidos en un hospital pediátrico durante un período de ocho años (1991-1998). Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo. Se inclu-yeron pacientes menores de 18 meses con resultado positivo de anticuerpos IgG o lgM contra virus de rubéola, medidos por técnica de ensayo inmunoenzi-mático de micropartículas.Resultados: Se identificaron 56 casos, analizándose 42 expedientes completos; 23 fueron del sexo femenino (54.7 por ciento) y 19 del masculino (45.3 por ciento), con mediana para la edad de cinco meses (intervalo 1-14 meses). En 9/42 madres (21.4 por ciento) hubo el antecedente de exantema durante el primer trimestre del embarazo. En 15 lactantes la serología fue positiva para IgM (todos menores de cuatro meses de edad) y en 27 para IgG. Las principales alteraciones fueron oculares (74 por ciento), neurológicas (66 por ciento) y cardiopatías congénitas (67 por ciento). En 69 por ciento se detectó catarata congénita, hepatomegalia en 52 por ciento, ictericia en 43 por ciento, anemia en 40 por ciento, trombocitopenia en 48 por ciento e hipoacusia en 19 por ciento. Las alteraciones poco comunes fueron hernia umbilical, criptorquidia, hidrocele, sinostosis y neumonitis
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Hospitals, Pediatric/statistics & numerical data , Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/complications , Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/etiology , Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/physiopathology , Communicable Diseases , Congenital Abnormalities , Pregnancy ComplicationsSubject(s)
Cytomegalovirus Infections , Fetal Diseases , Herpes Simplex , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , Rubella Syndrome, Congenital , Syphilis, Congenital , Toxoplasmosis, Congenital , Cytomegalovirus Infections/physiopathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Fetal Diseases/physiopathology , Herpes Simplex/physiopathology , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Pregnancy , Prognosis , Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/physiopathology , Syphilis, Congenital/physiopathology , Toxoplasmosis, Congenital/physiopathologySubject(s)
Rubella Syndrome, Congenital , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects , Prognosis , Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/physiopathology , Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/virology , Rubella virus , SyndromeABSTRACT
Rubella virus (RV) is the causative agent of the disease known more popularly as German measles. Rubella is predominantly a childhood disease and is endemic throughout the world. Natural infections of rubella occur only in humans and are generally mild. Complications of rubella infection, most commonly polyarthralgia in adult women, do exist; occasionally more serious sequelae occur. However, the primary public health concern of RV infection is its teratogenicity. RV infection of women during the first trimester of pregnancy can induce a spectrum of congenital defects in the newborn, known as congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). The development of vaccines and implementation of vaccination strategies have substantially reduced the incidence of disease and in turn of CRS in developed countries. The pathway whereby RV infection leads to teratogenesis has not been elucidated, but the cytopathology in infected fetal tissues suggests necrosis and/or apoptosis as well as inhibition of cell division of critical precursor cells involved in organogenesis. In cell culture, a number of unusual features of RV replication have been observed, including mitochondrial abnormalities, and disruption of the cytoskeleton; these manifestations are most probably linked and play some role in RV teratogenesis. Further understanding of the mechanism of RV teratogenesis will be brought about by the investigation of RV replication and virus-host interactions.
Subject(s)
Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology , Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/virology , Rubella virus/physiology , Rubella virus/pathogenicity , Adult , Apoptosis , Cell Division , Embryonic and Fetal Development , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Rubella/virology , Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/pathology , Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/physiopathology , Viral Proteins/metabolism , Virus ReplicationABSTRACT
En los últimos años se ha observado un cambio en la situación epidemiológica de la rubéola en nuestro país. Hasta la introducción de la vacuna en 1990, la rubéola afectaba básicamente a los niños menores de 10 años. A partir de esta fecha su incidencia fue descendiendo considerablemente, pero en 1997 se observó un repunte en distintas regiones del país; la diferencia es que ahora la enfermedad estaba afectando a adolescentes y adultos jóvenes, existiendo por tanto el riesgo de que nacieran niños con síndrome de rubéola congénita. La respuesta era inevitable, había que vacunar
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Immunization Programs , Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/prevention & control , Chile/epidemiology , Immunoglobulin M , Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/diagnosis , Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/epidemiology , Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/physiopathology , Signs and Symptoms , Rubella Vaccine/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Objetivo. Presentar el informe de un caso de infección congénita por virus de la rubeola asociado con dismorfismo craneal y facial menor y su repercusión clínica. Material y métodos. Se utilizó el diseño de informe de caso con una breve revisión de la literatura y discusión de los aspectos clínicos observados y su importancia en la medicina perinatal. Resultados. Se presentan las características clínicas de la infección por virus de la rubeola congénita en un recién nacido y su dificultad diagnóstica inicial, por presentar un cuadro asociado de dismorfismo craneal y facial menor que enmascaró el cuadro de fondo, la estrategia diagnóstica seguida, así como evolución clínica y complicaciones a los 12 meses de vida. Conclusiones. La rubeola congénita sigue siendo un grave problemas mundial de salud pública, por lo que es necesario reforzar las estrategias preventivas de la infección por este virus en la mujer en edad reproductiva. El programa de vacunación puede ser una buena alternativa
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant, Newborn , Abnormalities, Multiple/diagnosis , Infant, Small for Gestational Age , Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/diagnosis , Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/physiopathology , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/etiologyABSTRACT
Se evaluó la incidencia de alteraciones oculares en infantes nacidos de madres con titulación positiva contra el complejo TORCH y la infección por sífilis. Incluimos a 33 pacientes, captados en el periodo de septiembre de 1997 a junio de 1998. Se valoró la presencia de alteraciones oculares congénitas en infantes con antecedentes de infección intrauterina por el síndrome de TORCH. Se incluyeron 8 mujeres (24.2 por ciento) y 25 hombres (75.7 por ciento). Las lesione que más se encontró fue: catarata en 6 pacientes (18.1 por ciento), coloboma en 2 pacientes (6.0 por ciento), microftalmía, entropión, queratoconjuntivitis, masa retrobulbar, desprendimiento de retina, coriorretinitis y atrofia óptica en los restantes pacientes (3.0 por ciento). Las infecciones intrauterinas influyen en el dessarrollo del ojo. Estos datos sugieren que el diagnóstico temprano de tales infecciones por el complejo TORCH permite realizar el tratamiento adecuado
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Toxoplasmosis/complications , Toxoplasmosis/embryology , Toxoplasmosis/physiopathology , Cytomegalovirus Infections/congenital , Cytomegalovirus Infections/physiopathology , Herpesviridae Infections/embryology , Herpesviridae Infections/physiopathology , Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/embryology , Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/physiopathology , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/diagnosis , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/etiology , Immunoglobulin G , Immunoglobulin M , Eye Diseases/congenital , Eye Diseases/diagnosis , Syphilis, Congenital/diagnosis , Syphilis, Congenital/physiopathologyABSTRACT
El complejo TORCH describe las infecciones perinatales causadas por el virus de la rubéola, citomegalovirus y virus herpes simple 1 y 2. La toxoplasmosis congénita afecta el sistema nervioso central y ocular. Su tratamiento es mediante antibioticoterapia. La rubéola. Causada por un virus ARN del género Rubivirus. La púrpura es la manifestación cutánea mas frecuente en lactantes con rubéola durante el embarazo. Citomegalovirus. Producido por un virus ADN del grupo Hirpesvirus humano, las petequias pueden ser su única manifestación. Es causa de hipoacusia sensorioneural y se trata con antivirales sistémicos. El virus herpes simple virus ADN del grupo Herpesvirus que se transmite por el aparato genital materno afectado. El tipo 2 provoca más de 70 por ciento de las infecciones neonatales y en su forma diseminada puede afectar órganos y sistema nervioso central, así como provocar deterioro neurológico a largo plazo. Se trata con aciclovir. La sífilis es producida por el Treponema pallidum y se transmite a través infección transplacentaria o por contagio al momento del parto. Se diagnostica por observación directa de lesiones y su tratamiento es con penicilina. Enterovirus. La mayor parte de las infecciones que provoca se adquieren en la etapa perinatal. Parvovirus humano B 19. Causa de eritema infeccioso, durante la infección materna puede afectar al feto
