Rapid and sensitive determination of neomycin and kanamycin in measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine via high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using modified super-paramagnetic Fe3O4 nanospheres.

A simple magnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction (MDSPE) methodology based on mesoporous Fe3O4@ succinic acid nanospheres and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) has been developed to determine kanamycin (KNM) and neomycin (NEO) contents in Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) vaccine products. The monodispersed mesoporous Fe3O4 nanospheres with self-assembled carboxyl terminated shell have been prepared via a simple solvothermal method. These as-synthesized mesoporous Fe3O4 nanospheres showed a high magnetic saturation value (Ms = 46 emu g-1) and large specific surface area (111.12 m2 g-1) which made them potential candidates as sorbents in magnetic solid-phase extraction. The adsorption experimental data fitted well with the Freundlich-Langmuir isotherm and followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Moreover influential parameters on extraction efficiency were investigated and optimized. Under optimal conditions, the limits of detection for KNM and NEO were 1.0 and 0.1 ng mL-1, respectively. Recovery assessments using real samples exhibited recoveries in the range of 96.0 ± 4.3 to 101.5 ± 7.1 %, with relative standard deviations of <10.7% (for intra- day) and <14.6% (for inter- day). The proposed method was successfully applied for different spiked and un-spiked MMR vaccine samples. The presented extraction method provides a fast, selective, robust and practical platform for the detection of KNM and NEO in MMR vaccine samples.

Quantification of neomycin in rubella vaccine by off/on metal ion mediated photoluminescence from functionalized graphene quantum dots.

The determination of neomycin sulfate was made using photoluminescent amino-functionalized graphene quantum dots (obtained from hydro-exfoliation of a mixture of citric acid and glutathione). From the several ions tested, Fe3+ was the best mediator to enable an off/on photoluminescence effect used for quantification. The mediation of Fe3+ was found to be crucial as it is responsible for the photoluminescence quenching effect, due to the interaction with quantum dots surface, also having large affinity towards neomycin that removes Fe3+ from the surface of GQDs, consequently, promoting restoration of the original nanomaterial photoluminescence. Such signal restoration was proportional to the neomycin sulfate concentration added. The linearized analytical response covered three orders of magnitude (10-7 to 10-5 mol L-1). The proposed method is an alternative to those requiring labor-intensive procedures for chemical the derivatization of neomycin (due to the lack of chromophore groups in aminoglycosides). The method was successfully tested in the analysis of rubella vaccine containing trace residues of neomycin and in pharmaceutical compositions containing neomycin sulfate after solid phase extraction using an aminoglycoside imprinted polymer to improve selectivity in determinations.

Vacunación frente al sarampión, La Rubéola y Parotiditis / No disponible

No disponible

A new label-free amperometric immunosenor for rubella vaccine.

A novel label-free amperometric immunosensor for the detection of rubella vaccine was developed by immobilizing anti-rubella serum on bilayer nano-Au/polymerized o-phenylenediamine film with electrodeposited Prussian Blue (PB) as an electrode transfer mediator on the platinum electrode. The redox reactions of PB as a probe on the platinum surface were blocked due to the binding of the antibody to the antigen, which was investigated by cyclic voltammetry. Therefore, the interaction of the antibody with various concentrations of antigen could be detected by measurements of amperometric response in PBS, and the amperometric response on the surface of the modified electrode was inversely proportional to the concentration of rubella vaccine in the sample. The immunosensor showed a specific response to rubella vaccine in the range 8.1x10(-8)-8.0x10(-6) lgCCID50/ml (cell culture infectious dose) and a detection limit of 4.010(-8) lgCCID50/ml at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. To summarize, the present work provides a low-cost, fast response time, highly sensitive and easy-to-prepare method for the determination of antigen in biological products.

Application of PCR for detection of mycoplasma DNA and pestivirus RNA in human live viral vaccines.

PCR techniques were applied for the detection of mycoplasma DNA and pestivirus RNA to 43 lots of live viral vaccines (measles, mumps, rubella, and oral poliomyelitis) produced by six manufacturers in Japan. Although mycoplasma DNA was not detected in any of the vaccines tested, pestivirus RNA was detected in 12 lots (28%). The incidence of contamination among the four viral vaccines was in the range of 20 to 37%, and the incidence among the six manufacturers varied from 0 to 56%.

Vacunación antirrubéolica: la vacuna y las estrategias / Vaccination antimeasles: the vaccine and the strategies

Las primeras vacunas utilizadas para uso generalizado fueron las elaboradas con las cepas HPV77 y la Cendehill en 1969. A partir de entonces diversas vacunas han estado disponibles en el mercado, pero la de uso más generalizado es la preparada con la cepa RA27/3 cultivada en células diploides humanas que es más inmunogénica y estimula tanto la producción de anticuerpos humorales como secretorios, todo ello sin que se presente un incremento de los efectos colaterales indeseables. La vacuna antirrubéolica existe en tres presentaciones: sola o asociada con otras, la viral doble (rubéola-sarampión) y la viral triple (rubéola-sarampión-parotiditis). En las tres formas la dosis es de 0.5 mL, se prepara en forma liofilizada y debe guardarse en refrigeración (entre 2§C y 8§C) antes de su reconstrucción. Una vez reconstruida debe aplicarse antes de ocho horas. En relación con la vacunación antirrubéolica, existen varias posibles estrategias. Las más importantes son: 1.No incluir a la vacuna contra la rubéola en los programas nacionales de vacunación. 2.Vacunar a todos los suceptibles mayores de un año de edad con énfasis en niños, adolescentes y mujeres adultas. 3.Vacunar a todas las niñas de 11 a 14 años de edad. Y 4.vacunar a grupos específicos: mujeres adultas rubéola-seronegativas, mujeres en el post-parto y personal médico y paramédico principalmente

Improvement in potency assay of measles-mumps-rubella trivalent vaccine: interference between components and measures for its elimination.

In the potency assay of trivalent measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine by the immunocytochemical focus assay reported previously (Fukuda et al., 1987), development of rubella foci in RK13 cells was inhibited in the presence of a large excess of mumps component, resulting in an underestimation of the titre of the rubella component. When RK13 cells are infected with the mixture of mumps and rubella viruses, mumps virus interfered with the growth of rubella virus. Interference was mediated most likely by interferon induced by mumps virus. The interference was eliminated by a partial neutralization of mumps component by the addition of anti-mumps serum to the inoculum to RK13 cells. Improved method of potency assay of MMR vaccine incorporating the above measures and other modifications are described.

Live attenuated rubella vaccine (Cendehill strain) in school children.

The purpose of this study was to further determine the efficacy and safety in school children of the Cendehill strain of live attenuated rubella vaccine. Parental permission was requested for 255 children in Grades I, II and VI, attending two adjacent schools, to have blood taken for rubella hemagglutination-inhibition studies at the beginning and end of the study, and for each child seronegative on initial testing to participate as a vaccinee or a control. Vaccinees received either 0.5 ml. (full recommended dose) or 0.25 ml. of rubella virus vaccine, live attenuated, Cendehill strain (Smith Kline & French).Eighty-one per cent of the parents consented to have their child take part. Seventy-nine per cent of Grade I and II pupils and 41% of Grade VI pupils were found to be susceptible to rubella at the time of the initial test (HI titres [unk] 8). Eighty children received rubella vaccine and 98.7% showed at least a four-fold rise in antibody titre. One child who received 0.25 ml. showed only a two-fold rise. Clinical reactions to the vaccine were absent or minimal. Thirty-eight controls remained serologically negative during the study.The good response to half-doses of Cendehill vaccine is not significant because there were >3000 TCID(50) in a full dose (three times the dose recommended). This information was unknown by the investigators until the termination of the study.