ABSTRACT
[structure in text] From the leaves of Morinda citrifolia, a new unusual iridoid, named citrifolinoside (1), showing significant inhibition of UVB-induced Activator Protein-1 (AP-1) activity in cell cultures, has been isolated. Its structure was elucidated on the basis of detailed high-field 1D and 2D spectral analysis.
Subject(s)
Glucosides/therapeutic use , Phytotherapy , Plants, Medicinal/therapeutic use , Rubiaceae/therapeutic use , Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy , Transcription Factor AP-1/antagonists & inhibitors , Ultraviolet Rays/adverse effects , Glucosides/isolation & purification , Glucosides/pharmacology , Iridoid Glucosides , Iridoids , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Molecular Structure , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Rubiaceae/chemistry , Structure-Activity Relationship , Transcription Factor AP-1/metabolism , Tumor Cells, Cultured/drug effects , Tumor Cells, Cultured/metabolismABSTRACT
The ethanolic, dichloromethane and lyophilized aqueous extracts of Cassia occidentalis root bark, Morinda morindoides leaves and whole plants of Phyllanthus niruri were evaluated for their antimalarial actvity in vivo, in 4-day, suppressive assays against Plasmodium berghei ANKA in mice. No toxic effect or mortality was observed in mice treated, orally, with any of the extracts as a single dose, of 500 mg/kg body weight, or as the same dose given twice weekly for 4 weeks (to give a total dose of 4 g/kg). No significant lesions were observed, by eye or during histopathological examinations, in the hearts, lungs, spleens, kidneys, livers, large intestines or brains of any mouse. At doses of 200 mg/kg, all the ethanolic and dichloromethane extracts produced significant chemosuppressions of parasitaemia (of > 60% for C. occidentalis root bark and Ph. niruri whole plant, and of 30% for M. morindoides leaves) when administered orally. The most active ethanolic extract, that of Ph. niruri, reduced parasitaemia by 73%. The dichloromethane extracts of M. morindoides and Ph. niruri produced similar reductions (74% and 72% chemosuppression, respectively), whereas that of C. occidentalis was slightly less active (60% chemosuppression). Each lyophilized aqueous extract was less active than the corresponding ethanolic extract.
Subject(s)
Cassia/therapeutic use , Euphorbiaceae/therapeutic use , Malaria/drug therapy , Phytotherapy , Plants, Medicinal , Plasmodium berghei/drug effects , Rubiaceae/therapeutic use , Administration, Oral , Animals , Mice , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Plant Leaves , Plant Roots , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
The anthelmintic efficacy of Nauclea latifolia stem bark aqueous extract was studied in sheep with natural acute/sub-acute parasitic gastro-enteritis due primarily to mixed nematode species. Graded doses of the extract (400, 800 and 1600 mg/kg, p.o for 5 consecutive days) significantly reduced faecal egg counts in infected animals. The percentage reduction (93.8%) by 1600 mg/kg of the extract was comparable to that of 5 mg/kg of albendazole (94.1%). The administration of the extract resulted in improved haemoglobin and leucocytosis values in worm-infected sheep.
