ABSTRACT
Santalum genus belongs to the family of Santalaceae, widespread in India, Australia, Hawaii, Sri Lanka, and Indonesia, and valued as traditional medicine, rituals and modern bioactivities. Sandalwood is reported to possess a plethora of bioactive compounds such as essential oil and its components (α-santalol and ß-santalol), phenolic compounds and fatty acids. These bioactives play important role in contributing towards biological activities and health-promoting effects in humans. Pre-clinical and clinical studies have shown the role of sandalwood extract as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, neuroleptic, antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, and anticancer activities. Safety studies on sandalwood essential oil (EO) and its extracts have proven them as a safe ingredient to be utilized in health promotion. Phytoconstituents, bioactivities and traditional uses established sandalwood as one of the innovative materials for application in the pharma, food, and biomedical industry.
Subject(s)
Oils, Volatile , Santalum , Humans , Santalum/chemistry , Phytochemicals/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Sandalwood (Santalum album L.) is used in various traditional systems of medicine, like Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani medicine to treat a wide range of ailments. In Unani medicine, Safed Sandal is used to treat gastric ulcers, hence the present study was undertaken to confirm this claim. A limit test as per OECD guidelines was conducted at a dose of 5000 mg/kg to determine the acute toxic dose of Hydro-alcoholic extract from S. album stem (SASE). Two test doses of SASE (250 and 500 mg/kg) were subjected to screening of anti-ulcer activity by three in-vivo models namely water immersion - restrain stress, ethanol and indomethacin induced gastric ulceration models in albino wistar rats. A proton-pump inhibitor, Omeprazole 10 mg/kg and H2 receptor antagonist, Ranitidine 50 mg/kg were employed as standard drugs. The results revealed an increase in gastric protection as a significant decrease (p < 0.001) in average number of ulcers, severity of ulcers and cumulative ulcer index was observed in the test groups. Histopathological evidences supported the above findings. The observed anti-ulcer effect of SASE at 500 mg/kg was comparable to that of standard drugs used in the experiments indicating significant anti-ulcer potential especially at higher concentration.
Sándalo (Santalum album L.) se utiliza en diversos sistemas de medicina tradicional, como el Ayurveda, Siddha y Unani para tratar una amplia gama de dolencias. En la medicina Unani, Safed Sandal se usa para tratar úlceras gástricas, por lo tanto, el presente estudio se realizó para confirmar esta afirmación. Una prueba de límite según las directrices de la OCDE se llevó a cabo a una dosis de 5000 mg/kg para determinar la dosis tóxica aguda del extracto hidroalcohólico del tallo de S. álbum (SASE). Dos dosis de prueba de SASE (250 y 500 mg/kg) se sometieron al estudio de la actividad anti-úlcera por tres modelos in vivo, a saber: la inmersión en agua estrés de restricción, y la ulceración gástrica inducida por etanol e indometacina, en ratas Wistar albinas. Un inhibidor de la bomba de protones, omeprazol 10 mg/kg y el antagonista de los receptores H2, ranitidina 50 mg/kg fueron empleados como fármacos estándar. Los resultados revelaron un aumento de la protección gástrica como una disminución significativa (p < 0.001) en el número promedio de úlceras, la gravedad de las úlceras y el índice de úlcera acumulativo se observó en los grupos de prueba. Evidencias histopatológicas apoyaron las conclusiones anteriores. El efecto anti úlcera observado por efecto de SASE a 500 mg/kg fue comparable a la de fármacos estándar utilizados en los experimentos que indican un significativo potencial anti-úlcera, especialmente a mayores concentraciones.