ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The intradermal irritant threshold concentration for many allergens is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To determine the intradermal irritant threshold concentration (ITC) of nine allergens from two different manufacturers. ANIMALS: Twenty privately owned clinically nonallergic dogs. METHODS: Alternaria, cat dander, Dermatophagoides farinae, Chenopodium album (lamb's quarter), Xanthium strumarium (cocklebur), Prosopis glandulosa (mesquite), Morus alba (white mulberry), Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass) and Phleum pretense (Timothy grass) from two manufacturers (ALK; Round Rock, TX, USA and Greer® Laboratories; Lenoir, NC, USA) were injected intradermally at two dilutions and at 15 and 30 min evaluated subjectively (1-4) and objectively (horizontal wheal diameter) by two blinded investigators. A subjective score of 3 or 4 by either investigator at either timed reading was considered positive. If both concentrations resulted in positive reactions, two additional dilutions were performed. The ITC was defined as the lowest tested concentration that elicited a positive reaction in ≥10% of animals. RESULTS: The ITCs were Alternaria >2,000 PNU/mL; cat dander 750 PNU/mL (ALK) and 2,000 PNU/mL (Greer® ); D. farinae <1:10,000 w/v; C. album <6,000 PNU/mL; X. strumarium <6,000 PNU/mL; P. glandulosa <500 PNU/mL; M. alba <6,000 PNU/mL; C. dactylon <10,000 PNU/mL (ALK) and <6,000 PNU/mL (Greer® ); and P. pretense <6,000 PNU/mL. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: There were significant differences in subjective scoring and objective measurement between manufacturers for Alternaria, cat dander and P. pretense. Results revealed significant positive correlation between subjective scoring and objective measurement for each time, investigator and manufacturer separately.
Subject(s)
Allergens/pharmacology , Skin Irritancy Tests/veterinary , Allergens/administration & dosage , Animals , Dermatitis, Atopic/diagnosis , Dermatitis, Atopic/veterinary , Dog Diseases/immunology , Dogs/immunology , Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic , Female , Male , Skin/immunologyABSTRACT
Pochonia chlamydosporia var. catenulata, cepa Vcc 108 es un agente eficaz en el control de Meloidogyne spp. Para determinar el potencial de irritación dérmica y ocular se emplearon los métodos in vivo descritos por la Agencia de Protección Ambiental (EPA) y dos ensayos in vitro como alternativos a irritación ocular, el método de la membrana corioalantoidea del huevo de gallina (HET-CAM) y el ensayo cuantitativo con tinción de azul de tripán (CAM-TBS). En los estudios in vitro se aplicaron cuatro concentraciones del hongo vivo e inactivado y en los in vivo se emplearon dosis límite. Aunque cada método utiliza diferentes categorías de irritación, en todos los ensayos Pochonia chlamydosporia var. catenulata se clasificó como No irritante dérmico y ocular (AU)
Pochonia chlamydosporia var. catenulata , stump Vcc 108 is an effective agent in the control of Meloidogyne spp. In order to determine the potential of dermal and ocular irritation, the following methods were used: 1) the method in vivo, described by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and 2) two different in vitro assay, as alternatives to ocular irritation. These two alternative methods were the hen ́s egg-chorioallantoic membrane test (HET-CAM) and the quantitative chorioallantoic membrane test using the trypan blue stain (CAM-TBS). Four concentrations of the alive and inactive mushroom were applied in the in vitro studies and the dose limit in the in vivo test. Although each method uses different irritation categories, in all of the assays, Pochonia chlamydosporia var. catenulata was classified as being non irritating to skin and eyes (AU)
