A comprehensive examination of mental health in patients with head and neck cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Patients with head and neck cancer present particularly considerable levels of emotional distress. However, the actual rates of clinically relevant mental health symptoms and disorders among this population remain unknown. METHODS: A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses and Meta-analyses of Observational Studies in Epidemiology-compliant systematic review and quantitative random-effects meta-analysis was performed to determine suicide incidence and the prevalence of depression, anxiety, distress, posttraumatic stress, and insomnia in this population. MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register, KCI Korean Journal database, SciELO, Russian Science Citation Index, and Ovid-PsycINFO databases were searched from database inception to August 1, 2023 (PROSPERO: CRD42023441432). Subgroup analyses and meta-regressions were performed to investigate the effect of clinical, therapeutical, and methodological factors. RESULTS: A total of 208 studies (n = 654 413; median age = 60.7 years; 25.5% women) were identified. Among the patients, 19.5% reported depressive symptoms (95% confidence interval [CI] = 17% to 21%), 17.8% anxiety symptoms (95% CI = 14% to 21%), 34.3% distress (95% CI = 29% to 39%), 17.7% posttraumatic symptoms (95% CI = 6% to 41%), and 43.8% insomnia symptoms (95% CI = 35% to 52%). Diagnostic criteria assessments revealed lower prevalence of disorders: 10.3% depression (95% CI = 7% to 13%), 5.6% anxiety (95% CI = 2% to 10%), 9.6% insomnia (95% CI = 1% to 40%), and 1% posttraumatic stress (95% CI = 0% to 84.5%). Suicide pooled incidence was 161.16 per 100 000 individuals per year (95% CI = 82 to 239). Meta-regressions found a statistically significant higher prevalence of anxiety in patients undergoing primary chemoradiation compared with surgery and increased distress in smokers and advanced tumor staging. European samples exhibited lower prevalence of distress. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with head and neck cancer presented notable prevalence of mental health concerns in all domains. Suicide remains a highly relevant concern. The prevalence of criteria-meeting disorders is significantly lower than clinically relevant symptoms. Investigating the effectiveness of targeted assessments for disorders in highly symptomatic patients is essential.

Telehealth cognitive behaviour therapy for the management of sleep disturbance in women with early breast cancer receiving chemotherapy: a feasibility study.

PURPOSE: Sleep quality commonly deteriorates in people receiving chemotherapy for breast cancer (BC). We aimed to determine feasibility and acceptability of telehealth-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) in people with early BC receiving (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS: Multi-centre, single arm, phase 2 feasibility trial. People with stage I-III BC received 4 sessions of telehealth CBT-I over 8 weeks, during chemotherapy. Participants completed Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and other Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) at baseline, post-program (week 9) and post-chemotherapy (week 24); and an Acceptability Questionnaire at week 9. Primary endpoint was proportion completing 4 sessions of telehealth CBT-I. RESULTS: In total, 41 participants were recruited: mean age 51 years (range 31-73). All 4 CBT-I sessions were completed by 35 (85%) participants. Acceptability of the program was high and 71% reported 'the program was useful'. There was no significant difference in the number of poor sleepers (PSQI score ≥ 5) at baseline 29/40 (73%) and week 24 17/25 (68%); or in the mean PSQI score at baseline (7.43, SD 4.06) and week 24 (7.48, SD 4.41). From baseline to week 24, 7/25 (28%) participants had a ≥ 3 point improvement in sleep quality on PSQI, and 5/25 (20%) had a ≥ 3 point deterioration. There was no significant difference in mean PROM scores. CONCLUSION: It is feasible to deliver telehealth CBT-I to people with early BC receiving chemotherapy. Contrary to literature predictions, sleep quality did not deteriorate. Telehealth CBT-I has a potential role in preventing and managing sleep disturbance during chemotherapy. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) registration number: ACTRN12620001379909 and date 22/12/2020.

Hidden risk factors and the mediating role of sleep in work-related musculoskeletal discomforts.

OBJECTIVE: Musculoskeletal discomforts (MSDs) are prevalent occupational health issues that are associated with a wide range of risk factors. This study aimed to investigate some of the occupational hidden risk factors and the mediating role of sleep in work-related musculoskeletal discomforts. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, the role of job stress and shift work as two hidden risk factors and sleep problems as the mediator in work-related musculoskeletal discomforts was investigated in 302 healthcare workers using the path analysis models. For this aim, healthcare workers' Occupational Stress and musculoskeletal discomforts were evaluated using the Health and Safety Executive questionnaire and Cornell questionnaire, respectively. Moreover, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were used to examine the sleep characteristics of participants. Shift work and job stress as predictor variables and sleep characteristics as mediating variables were analyzed. RESULTS: The results showed that the path coefficients of job stress on indexes of quality sleep and insomnia severity were significant. Also, the path coefficient of shift work on quality sleep index was significant. In return, the path coefficients of shift work on the insomnia severity index were not significant. Additionally, there was a mutually significant association between indexes of quality sleep and the severity of insomnia and musculoskeletal discomforts. The direct effect coefficient of job stress on MSDs was significant, whereas the direct effect coefficient of shift work on MSDs was insignificant. This means that shift work alone does not significantly impact these disorders. CONCLUSION: It would seem that shift work and job stress as two occupational hidden risk factors can mediate sleep indexes and indirectly play a critical role in the incidence of musculoskeletal discomforts. Moreover, sleep disorders and musculoskeletal discomforts are mutually related and have a bidirectional relationship.

A Cross-Sectional Survey Study of Cannabis Use for Fibromyalgia Symptom Management.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the use of cannabis as a symptom management strategy for patients with fibromyalgia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: An electronic, cross-sectional survey was conducted among patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia and treated in Integrative Medicine & Health at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. The survey was constructed with the Symptom Management Theory tool and was sent anonymously via web-based software to patients with a diagnosis of fibromyalgia. RESULTS: Of 5234 patients with fibromyalgia sent the online survey, 1336 (25.5%) responded and met the inclusion criteria. Survey respondents had a median age of 48 (Q1-Q3: 37.5-58.0) years, and most identified as female. Nearly half of respondents (49.5%, n=661) reported cannabis use since their fibromyalgia diagnosis. The most common symptoms for which respondents reported using cannabis were pain (98.9%, n=654); fatigue (96.2%; n=636); stress, anxiety, or depression (93.9%; n=621); and insomnia (93.6%; n=619). Improvement in pain symptoms with cannabis use was reported by 82.0% (n=536). Most cannabis-using respondents reported that cannabis also improved symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression and of insomnia. CONCLUSION: Considering that cannabis is a popular choice among patients for managing fibromyalgia symptoms, clinicians should have adequate knowledge of cannabis when discussing therapeutic options for fibromyalgia with their patients.

Is fracture management merely a physical process? Exploring the psychological effects of internal and external fixation.

BACKGROUND: Internal and external fixation are common surgical procedures for treating fractures. However, the impact of different surgical approaches (including internal and external fixations) on patients' psychological status and Quality of Life (QoL) is rarely examined. Herein, we aimed to investigate the effects of internal and external fixation on anxiety, depression, insomnia, and overall mental and physical health in Distal Radius Fractures (DRF) patients. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study on 96 fracture patients who underwent internal fixation (57 patients) or external fixation (39 patients). The Visual Analog Scale (VAS), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), and the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire were used to assess the patients' pain, anxiety, depression, sleep, and QoL before surgery and at seven days, one month, and three months post-surgery. RESULTS: The VAS scores were significantly lower in the Internal Fixation Group (IFG) than in the External Fixation Group (EFG) on the seventh day and one month postoperatively (P < 0.05). Although both groups showed no significant anxiety, depression, or insomnia before surgery (P > 0.05), the EFG showed significantly higher HADS-A, HADS-D, and AIS scores than the IFG at seven days and one and three months postoperatively (P < 0.05). Additionally, changes in HADS-A, HADS-D, and AIS scores were most significant at day seven post-surgery in the EFG (P < 0.05). Furthermore, no significant difference was found between the two groups in the average Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) scores before surgery (P > 0.05). However, both groups showed positive changes in PCS and MCS scores at postoperative day seven and one and three months postoperatively, with the IFG having significantly higher average PCS and MCS scores compared to the EFG (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Compared to external fixation, internal fixation did not significantly impact patients' emotions regarding anxiety and depression in the early postoperative period, and physical and mental health recovery was better during the postoperative rehabilitation period. Furthermore, when there are no absolute indications, the impact on patients' psychological well-being should be considered as one of the key factors in the treatment plan during surgical approach selection.

Effects of resistance training on sleep quality and disorders among individuals diagnosed with cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: Sleep disorders are often complained by cancer patients and can last years after the end of therapies, leading to different negative consequences. Non-pharmacological strategies such as exercise interventions may be considered to counteract this phenomenon. The literature supports the beneficial effects of aerobic training (AT), while evidence on resistance training (RT) is scarce. Accordingly, our systematic review aims to investigate the potential novel effect of RT on sleep outcomes in cancer survivors. METHODS: The literature search was conducted on MEDLINE (Pubmed), Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases, including only randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The screening procedure was conducted using the web-based software COVIDENCE. Sleep outcomes assessed through self-reported questionnaires or objective sleep measurements were extracted from RCTs recruiting cancer survivors of any age and gender, on or off treatment. The risk of bias (RoB) for each study was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool for RCTs. Meta-analytic syntheses were performed on sleep quality and insomnia. RESULTS: A total of 21 studies were included in the review. Considering the mean percentage differences of all studies combined, promising positive results were found after combined aerobic and resistance exercise program (COMB) for sleep quality (-19%) and sleep disturbance (-17.3%). The meta-analysis results showed significant improvement for both sleep quality and insomnia (d = 0.28, SE: 0.11, Z = 2.51, p < 0.01, 95% CI: 0.07-0.49 and d = 0.43, SE: 0.20, Z = 2.18, p = 0.029, 95% CI: 0.07-0.49, respectively). CONCLUSION: RT interventions of 60 minutes per session, performed 2-3 times a week for 12 weeks, with exercise intensity ranging from 60% to 80% of one-repetition maximum can be administered to cancer survivors, aiming to improve sleep outcomes.

[Results of a pilot study of the structure and evaluation of the therapy for chronic sleep disorders in comorbid patients with chronic cerebral ischemia]. / Rezul'taty pilotnogo issledovaniya struktury i otsenki terapii khronicheskikh narushenii sna u komorbidnykh patsientov s khronicheskoi ishemiei golovnogo mozga.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of the drug Cortexin on the clinical course and treatment of comorbid insomnia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 50 patients, average age 50.4±2.26 years, with CHI stage 1-2. with concomitant diseases arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus (study CHRONAS). All patients were examined on the day of treatment, 11-15 days and 30-31 days after the end of therapy. At all visits, complaints, neurological status, and changes in physiological and laboratory parameters were assessed. The condition was assessed using the following scales: mental status assessment (MMSE), quality of life questionnaire (EQ-5D), assessment of general health, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth daytime sleepiness assessment, hospital anxiety and depression (HADS)).: Patients with additional diabetic polyneuropathy were assessed using the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI). RESULTS: A high percentage of the prevalence of comorbid insomnia in patients was revealed. The structure of sleep disturbances in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia consisted of disturbances in sleep duration, difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings at night, and daytime sleepiness. After treatment, there was a regression of the main complaints, the severity of symptoms, including anxiety and depression, decreased, and a significant stabilization of cognitive status was observed. The positive dynamics persisted 1 month after the end of therapy. An additional normalizing effect of the drug on a number of biochemical parameters was revealed. Clinical dynamics were recorded already by the 11-15th day of treatment and persisted for up to 1 month. During observation, no patient had adverse drug interactions with other drugs (hypotensives, antiplatelet agents, statins). CONCLUSIONS: The clinical effectiveness of the drug Cortexin has been proven for all types of sleep disorders. The clinical effectiveness of the drug Cortexin at a dose of 10 mg IM for 10 days has been proven in patients with chronic sleep disorders due to CHI.

A randomized clinical trial for a self-guided sleep intervention following moderate-severe traumatic brain injury: Study protocol.

BACKGROUND: Individuals with a history of moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) experience a significantly higher prevalence of insomnia compared to the general population. While individuals living with TBI have been shown to benefit from traditional insomnia interventions (e.g., face-to-face [F2F]), such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBTI), many barriers exist that limit access to F2F evidence-based treatments. Although computerized CBT-I (CCBT-I) is efficacious in terms of reducing insomnia symptoms, individuals with moderate-severe TBI may require support to engage in such treatment. Here we describe the rationale, design, and methods of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) assessing the efficacy of a guided CCBT-I program for reducing insomnia symptoms for participants with a history of moderate-severe TBI. METHODS: This is an RCT of a guided CCBT-I intervention for individuals with a history of moderate-severe TBI and insomnia. The primary outcome is self-reported insomnia severity, pre- to post-intervention. Exploratory outcomes include changes in sleep misperception following CCBT-I and describing the nature of guidance needed by the Study Clinician during the intervention. CONCLUSION: This study represents an innovative approach to facilitating broader engagement with an evidence-based online treatment for insomnia among those with a history of moderate-severe TBI. Findings will provide evidence for the level and nature of support needed to implement guided CCBT-I. Should findings be positive, this study would provide support for a strategy by which to deliver guided CCBT-I to individuals with a history of moderate-severe TBI.

Predisposing, Precipitating, and Perpetuating Factors of Insomnia in Cancer Survivors.

OBJECTIVES: To explore and characterize predisposing, precipitating, and perpetuating factors of subthreshold, moderate, and severe insomnia in cancer survivors. SAMPLE & SETTING: 135 cancer survivors who self-reported symptom severity on the Insomnia Severity Index during the baseline phase of a randomized clinical trial on insomnia treatment. METHODS & VARIABLES: Participants completed measures assessing predisposing factors (age, sex, race and ethnicity, body mass index), precipitating factors (number of years since cancer diagnosis, depression and anxiety symptoms, health-related quality of life), and perpetuating factors (frequency of consuming alcoholic and caffeinated beverages, napping behavior, dysfunctional beliefs about sleep). RESULTS: In the multivariate model, being female was protective against insomnia, and being a person of color, having higher anxiety, having more depression symptoms, and having stronger dysfunctional beliefs about sleep were significantly associated with greater insomnia severity. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: By fostering interprofessional collaboration and implementing evidence-based interventions, nurses can contribute to the well-being of cancer survivors and address their sleep-related challenges. This study underscores the importance of regular insomnia screenings for cancer survivors, with nurses as essential facilitators.

Reversible dementia and insomnia in ABGA related encephalitis.

BACKGROUND: ABGAs are historically associated with Encephalitis Lethargica (EL). Typically ABGAs are also found in children resulting in a variety of neuropsychiatric and extrapyramidal disorders, rare cases are reported in adults with atypical movement disorders. No description of basal ganglia reversible lesions related to ABGAs are reported and these antibodies are not included in the list of autoimmune encephalitis. METHODS AND RESULTS: A 55 years old female presented sub-acute onset of an anxious-depressive disorder and obsessive-compulsive behavior associated with intractable insomnia affecting sleep onset and sleep maintenance. Brain-MRI showed diffuse hyperintensities on FLAIR sequences in the basal ganglia. A therapy with IV-immunoglobulin was started and the clinical condition improved dramatically and insomnia and psychiatric symptoms resolved completely. CONCLUSION: Our case highlights the importance of making a fast diagnosis. When caught early ABGAs-related encephalitis is susceptible of a good outcome and response to treatment. Reversible insomnia and dementia in our case expand ABGA clinical presentation in adults and favors the hypothesis of an immune pathogenesis for Encephalitis Lethargica, especially in the hyperkinetic form as previously suggested, as in our case.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for poststroke insomnia: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol.

INTRODUCTION: Insomnia stands as a frequent consequence of a cerebrovascular event, afflicting a substantial fraction of those who endure the aftermath of stroke. The ramifications of insomnia following a stroke can further exacerbate cognitive and behavioural anomalies while hindering the process of neurological convalescence. While several randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have scrutinised the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on poststroke insomnia, the advantages and drawbacks persist in a state of ambiguity. We advocate for a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials to comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness and safety of HBOT in the context of poststroke insomnia. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A systematic search will be conducted from nine major databases (PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, VIP Information Database, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biomedical Literature Database and Wanfang Database, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro)) for HBOT for poststroke insomnia of RCTs. The search procedures will adhere to a rigorous approach, commencing from the inception date of each database and continuing until 1 November 2023, with inquiries conducted exclusively in English and Chinese. The primary outcome will focus on the alteration in the quality of sleep while secondary outcomes will encompass the evaluation of adverse events and the rate of reoccurrence. The process of selecting studies, extracting data and evaluating the quality of research will be carried out independently by two reviewers. The quality of the included literature will be assessed using the tools of the Cochrane Collaboration. Meta-analysis will be performed by using RevMan V.5.4 and STATA V.16.0.b software. Finally, the quality of evidence will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation method. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: As all data are derived from published investigations via databases without direct patient contact, ethical approval is obviated in this study. The scientific studies will be published in professional academic publications. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42023468442.

Association of Biomarkers of Neuronal Injury and Inflammation With Insomnia Trajectories After Traumatic Brain Injury: A TRACK-TBI Study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Insomnia affects about one-third of patients with traumatic brain injury and is associated with worsened outcomes after injury. We hypothesized that higher levels of plasma neuroinflammation biomarkers at the time of TBI would be associated with worse 12-month insomnia trajectories. METHODS: Participants were prospectively enrolled from 18 level-1 trauma centers participating in the Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in Traumatic Brain Injury study from February 26, 2014, to August 8, 2018. Plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), S100b, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1) were collected on days 1 (D1) and 14 (D14) after TBI. The insomnia severity index was collected at 2 weeks, 3, 6, and 12 months postinjury. Participants were classified into insomnia trajectory classes based on a latent class model. We assessed the association of biomarkers with insomnia trajectories, controlling for medical and psychological comorbidities and demographics. RESULTS: Two thousand twenty-two individuals with TBI were studied. Elevations in D1 hsCRP were associated with persistent insomnia (severe, odds ratio [OR] = 1.33 [1.11, 1.59], p = 0.002; mild, OR = 1.10 [1.02, 1.19], p = 0.011). Similarly, D14 hsCRP elevations were associated with persistent insomnia (severe, OR = 1.27 [1.02, 1.59], p = 0.03). Of interest, D1 GFAP was lower in persistent severe insomnia (median [Q1, Q3]: 154 [19, 445] pg/mL) compared with resolving mild (491 [154, 1,423], p < 0.001) and persistent mild (344 [79, 1,287], p < 0.001). D14 GFAP was similarly lower in persistent (11.8 [6.4, 19.4], p = 0.001) and resolving (13.9 [10.3, 20.7], p = 0.011) severe insomnia compared with resolving mild (20.6 [12.4, 39.6]. Accordingly, increases in D1 GFAP were associated with reduced likelihood of having persistent severe (OR = 0.76 [95% CI 0.63-0.92], p = 0.004) and persistent mild (OR = 0.88 [0.81, 0.96], p = 0.003) compared with mild resolving insomnia. No differences were found with other biomarkers. DISCUSSION: Elevated plasma hsCRP and, surprisingly, lower GFAP were associated with adverse insomnia trajectories after TBI. Results support future prospective studies to examine their utility in guiding insomnia care after TBI. Further work is needed to explore potential mechanistic connections between GFAP levels and the adverse insomnia trajectories.

Early change in fatigue, insomnia, and cognitive impairment and symptom severity 3 years post-treatment in breast cancer survivors.

PURPOSE: Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer among Canadian women. Survivorship challenges include fatigue, sleep disturbance, and cognitive impairment. This study examined (1) symptom trajectory from diagnosis to 3 years; (2) whether symptom change in the first 4 months was associated with prolonged difficulties after 3 years; and (3) which factors were associated with deterioration in symptoms during the first 4 months. METHODS: This prospective observational cohort study examined 53 women (Mage = 58.6, 96.2% White, 67.9% stage I) with newly diagnosed breast cancer over 3 years. Women completed assessments before starting treatment, 4 months, and 3 years after diagnosis. Three-way repeated-measures ANOVAs evaluated symptom trajectories. A repeated-measures mediation analysis was performed to determine if change from pre-treatment to 4 months accounted for change from pre-treatment to 3 years. A series of between-subjects ANOVAs were used to determine what variables significantly differed by deterioration status. RESULTS: Perceived cognitive impairment and fatigue increased linearly from diagnosis to 3 years. Change in fatigue in the first 4 months fully accounted for its change over 3 years. Insomnia severity and sleep quality deteriorated from diagnosis to 4 months, but returned to pre-treatment levels at 3 years. Those whose fatigue and cognitive ability deteriorated during the first 4 months were younger. CONCLUSION: Efforts to identify those who are at risk of experiencing fatigue, sleep disturbance, and cognitive impairment; monitor patients early after receiving a diagnosis; and provide targeted interventions may prevent long-term deterioration and improve well-being.

Prevalence and Correlates of Night Eating Syndrome, Insomnia, and Psychological Distress in Primary Care Patients with Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study.

INTRODUCTION: Management of obesity is challenging for both patients and healthcare workers. Considering the low success rate of current interventions, this study aimed to explore the prevalence and associated factors of night eating syndrome (NES), insomnia, and psychological distress among individuals with obesity in order to plan comprehensive obesity management interventions. METHODS: A cross-sectional study on a convenient sample from five primary healthcare centers in Port Said, Egypt, was conducted from November 2020 to March 2021. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were collected in addition to the assessment of NES, insomnia, and psychological distress using the Arabic versions of the Night Eating Diagnostic Questionnaire (NEQ), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) scales, respectively. Associations of NES, insomnia, and psychological distress were assessed by multiple regression analysis. We performed Bonferroni adjustments for multiple comparisons. RESULTS: We included 425 participants with obesity with a mean age of 45.52 ± 6.96 years. In all, 54.4% were females and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 35.20 ± 4.41 kg/m2. The prevalence rates of NES, insomnia, and psychological distress were 21.6% (95% CI: 17.7-25.6%), 15.3% (95% CI: 11.9-18.7%), and 18.8% (95% CI: 15.1-22.6%), respectively. NES was significantly associated with younger age (OR 0.974, p = 0.016), physical inactivity (OR 0.485, p = 0.010), insomnia (OR 2.227, p = 0.014), and psychological distress (OR 2.503, p = 0.002). Insomnia showed strong associations with NES (OR 2.255, p = 0.015) and psychological distress (OR 5.990, p < 0.001). Associated factors of psychological distress symptoms included insomnia (OR 6.098, p < 0.001) and NES (OR 2.463, p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: The prevalence rates of NES, insomnia, and psychological distress were high among primary care patients with obesity, and these conditions were interrelated. Optimal obesity management necessitates individualized and targeted multidisciplinary care plans that take into consideration individual patients' mental, behavioral, and dietary habits needs.

Randomized Controlled Trial of Virtually Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia to Address Perceived Cancer-Related Cognitive Impairment in Cancer Survivors.

PURPOSE: Comorbid insomnia and cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) are experienced by up to 26% of individuals diagnosed with cancer. This study examined the efficacy and durability of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) on perceived CRCI in cancer survivors. METHODS: Atlantic Canadian cancer survivors with insomnia and CRCI were randomly assigned to receive seven weekly virtual CBT-I sessions (n = 63) or placed in a waitlist control group (n = 69) to receive treatment after the waiting period. Participants completed assessments at baseline, 1 month (mid-treatment), and 2 months (post-treatment). Age- and education-adjusted mixed-effects models using intention-to-treat principles assessed change at post-treatment. Data from both groups were then pooled to assess the durability of effects at 3 and 6 months. A mediation analysis examined whether change in insomnia symptoms mediated the effect of CBT-I on cognitive outcomes. RESULTS: The mean age of the sample was 60 years, 77% were women, and breast cancer was the most common diagnosis (41%). The treatment group reported an 11.35-point reduction in insomnia severity, compared with a 2.67-point reduction in the waitlist control group (P < .001). The treatment group had a greater overall improvement than the waitlist control on perceived cognitive impairment (P < .001; d = 0.75), cognitive abilities (P < .001; d = 0.92), and impact on quality of life (P < .001; d = 1.01). These improvements were maintained at follow-up. Change in insomnia symptoms fully mediated the effect of CBT-I on subjective cognitive outcomes. CONCLUSION: Treating insomnia with CBT-I produces clinically meaningful and durable improvements in CRCI. There is an urgent need increase access to evidence-based treatment for insomnia in cancer centers and the community.