ABSTRACT
Desde su creación, el Grupo PrevInfad ha trabajado con los objetivos de formular y mantener actualizadas las recomendaciones sobre actividades preventivas a realizar en la población infantil y adolescente española y mejorar la práctica clínica y promover la salud pública en el ámbito de la Atención Primaria. Las recomendaciones de PrevInfad van dirigidas principalmente a los pediatras de Atención Primaria, personal de enfermería y otros profesionales de la salud. En este trabajo presentamos una versión resumida del manual de trabajo del Grupo PrevInfad, que se ha actualizado recientemente. Para mayor detalle recomendamos a las personas interesadas consultar la versión íntegra, que se encuentra en la página web del grupo. Los métodos descritos están destinados a garantizar que las recomendaciones de PrevInfad sean metodológicamente sólidas, científicamente defendibles, reproducibles y bien documentadas (AU)
The working group PrevInfad has faced since its beginning the objectives of formulating and updating recommendations on preventive activities for Spanish children and adolescents, improving clinical practice and promoting public health in Primary Care. Previnfad recommendations address mainly to Primary Care paediatricians, nurses and other health professionals. In this paper, we present a resumed version of PrevInfad procedure manual, recently updated. We recommend to consult the complete version available in PrevInfad web site. The described methods are intended to ensure that the recommendations of PrevInfad are methodologically solid, scientifically defendable, reproducible and well documented (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Manuals as Topic , Primary Health Care/methods , Primary Prevention/methods , Societies/prevention & control , Societies/policies , Self-Help Groups/organization & administration , Self-Help Groups/standardsABSTRACT
Purpose. To analyze cancer incidence, distribution of malignancy, treatment setting and provider specialty of cancer patients, 0-19 years old, in the Comunitat Valenciana, Spain. Methods/patients. All incident childhood and adolescent (0-19 years) cancer cases registered in the population-based Comunitat Valenciana Childhood Cancer Registry (RTICV) from 2007 to 2010 were included. Pathological and hematological diagnoses were recoded using the International Classification of Childhood Cancer Third Edition (ICCC-3). Treatment setting and provider specialty were analyzed. Results. 696 patients <20 years were diagnosed with cancer: 513 cases were children (0-14 years) and 183 were adolescents (15-19 years). Overall age-adjusted incidence for 2007-2010 was 176.0 cases per million (95 % CI 162.8-189.2), with incidence being the highest among infants (287.4), followed by 1-4 years (205.5), adolescents (179.9), 10-14 years (150.2) and 5-9 years (140.6). Among adolescents aged 14-19 years, the treatment setting differed by cancer type; 87 % of them were never seen at pediatric oncology units, while 40 % were treated in up to 20 different medical oncology departments in institutions without pediatric oncology expertise. Conclusions. This is the first population-based epidemiological study carried out in Spain on children and adolescents with cancer. Centralization of care to a small number of specialized centers and thorough pediatric and oncology team collaboration are needed to improve care and survival for adolescents with cancer in our country. We suggest the creation of specific adolescent tumor boards in main tertiary care hospitals, in which adolescents with cancer can benefit from the shared expertise of medical and pediatric specialists (AU)
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Neoplasms/metabolism , Neoplasms/pathology , Spain/ethnology , Therapeutics/methods , Pediatrics/education , Pediatrics/methods , Societies/methods , Societies/policies , Survivorship/psychology , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Incidence , Therapeutics/instrumentation , Pediatrics , Pediatrics/standards , Societies/classification , Societies/prevention & control , Survivorship/physiologyABSTRACT
Introducción. En el hospital de Alcañiz y dentro de las iniciativas para el control de consumo de tabaco, hemos realizado una encuesta de prevalencia y opinión de tabaquismo en todos los servicios del hospital. Material y métodos. Hemos realizado una encuesta en formato cuestionario escrito dirigida a todos los trabajadores del hospital, tanto sanitarios como no sanitarios. La encuesta, voluntaria y anónima, fue entregada y recogida en los diferentes servicios del hospital por un responsable designado por el grupo de trabajo. Resultados. Participaron 283 encuestados, la mayoría, 221 (78,1%), mujeres. La prevalencia de tabaquismo activo fue de 78 (27,6%) trabajadores. El colectivo que más fumadores activos presentó fue enfermería, con un 37,4%, siendo el equipo de informática los que contaban con más personal nunca fumador 75%. El 71,7% de los fumadores reconocieron fumar en el horario de trabajo aunque solamente 2 (0,3%) lo hacían dentro del recinto hospitalario. Más de un 70% de los trabajadores estuvieron de acuerdo en la utilidad del proyecto Hospital de Alcañiz sin humo, así como en que tanto padres como profesionales sanitarios y no sanitarios debían dar ejemplo no fumando. Conclusión. La prevalencia de tabaquismo en centros sanitarios es elevada por lo que se debe seguir trabajando e implementando medidas en contra del tabaquismo (AU)
Introduction. In the hospital of Alcañiz and within the initiative to control smoking, we have conducted a survey on the prevalence and opinion regarding the smoking habit in all the hospital departments. Material and methods. We have carried out a survey in form of a written questionnaire addressed to all the hospital worker, both health care and non-health care workers. The voluntary and anonymous survey was distributed and collected in the different hospital departments by a responsible person designated by the work group. Results. A total of 283 persons surveyed participated, most, 221 (78.1%) being women. Active smoking prevalence was 78 (27.6%) workers. The most active smoking group present was nursing with 37.4%, the computer technology team being the group having the greatest amount of personnel who had never smoked 75%. A total of 71.7% of the smokers admitted having smoked during the work hour although only 2 (0.3%) did so within the hospital premises. More than 70% of the workers agreed with the utility of the smoke-free Hospital de Alcañiz project and that parents as well as health care and non-health care professionals should lead by example by not smoking. Conclusion. Prevalence of smoking the health care centers is elevated so that work must continue and measures implemented against the smoking habit (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Preventive Health Services , Preventive Health Services/methods , Smoking/adverse effects , Smoking/genetics , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards , Spain/ethnology , Nursing Staff/education , Nursing Staff/psychology , Societies/ethics , Preventive Health Services/organization & administration , Preventive Health Services , Smoking/prevention & control , Smoking/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Nursing Staff/standards , Nursing Staff/trends , Societies/prevention & controlABSTRACT
Introducción. Conocemos la actitud sobre el tabaquismo en algunos profesionales sanitarios, pero no en los urólogos. Material y métodos. Estudio observacional descriptivo mediante 150 encuestas aleatorias a urólogos españoles sobre actitud y percepción de conocimientos para el abordaje del tabaquismo. Se estudian: variables cuantitativas, asociación entre variables cualitativas y comparamos nuestros resultados con los de otros colectivos de nuestro país. Resultados. 150 respuestas (91% masculinas y 9% femeninas. Edad media 52,6 ± 8,7 años). 8% fumadores, 48% exfumadores y 43% no fumadores. 57% recogen el estatus de fumador, 54% informan de los riesgos del tabaco y 58% aconsejan dejar de fumar. Encontramos diferencia significativa entre urólogos fumadores vs. no fumadores en la recogida del hábito tabáquico (p = 0,074) y consejo para dejar de fumar (p = 0,0059), más frecuente entre los no fumadores. El 41% creen que no pueden ayudar a sus pacientes a dejar de fumar, 67% desconocen el consejo mínimo, y 82% dicen no tener conocimientos/habilidades para realizarlo. El 53% desconocen los fármacos y el 74% los recursos sanitarios disponibles, para la deshabituación tabáquica. El 27% piensan que no es fundamental la recomendación de dejar de fumar (más frecuente entre fumadores p = 0,0076). Conclusión. El 58% de los urólogos aconsejan dejar de fumar, pero el 67% desconocen el consejo mínimo y el 82% cómo realizarlo. 53% no conocen los fármacos y solo el 26% los recursos sanitarios disponibles para la deshabituación tabáquica. Estos resultados plantean una serie de oportunidades de mejora que se irán implementando en nuestra Asociación Española de Urología (AU)
Introduction. We have knowledge of the attitude on smoking in some health care professionals, but not in the urologists. Material and methods. Descriptive, observational study through 150 random surveys to Spanish urologists on the attitude and perception of knowledge to death with smoking habit. The following were studied: quantitative variables, association between qualitative variables and we compared our results with those of other groups of our country. Results. 150 responses (91% male and 9% female. Mean age 52.6 ± 8.7 years). 8% smokers, 48% exsmokers and 43% non-smokers. A total of 57% collect the status of smoker, 54% report on the risk of smoking and 58% recommend smoking cessation. We have found a significant difference between urologists who are smokers and non-smokers in the collection of smoking habit (p = 0.074) and recommendation to quit smoking (p = 0.0059), more frequent among the non-smokers. A total of 41% believe that their patients cannot be helped to quit smoking, 67% are not aware of the minimum advise and 82% state they do not have the knowledge/skills to do so. Of those surveyed, 53% do not know the drug and 74% the health care resources available for smoking cessation. A total of 27% think that recommending that one quits smoking is not essential (more frequent among smokers p = 0.0076). Conclusion. It was found that 58% of the urologists recommend smoking cessation, but 67% of them do not know the minimum advise and 82% do not know how to do it. The drugs for this are unknown by 53% and only 26% know the health care resources available for smoking cessation. These results suggest a series of opportunities for improvement that will be implemented in our Spanish Association of Urology (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Smoking/adverse effects , Smoking/genetics , Urology/education , Urology/ethics , Societies/ethics , Societies/prevention & control , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/metabolism , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology , Observational Study , Spain/ethnology , Smoking/prevention & control , Smoking/psychology , Urology , Urology/trends , Societies/adverse effects , Societies/policies , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/complications , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/diagnosis , Epidemiology, DescriptiveABSTRACT
Introducción: Durante la hospitalización, los neonatos están sometidos a constantes procedimientos dolorosos y estresantes. Está demostrado que la lactancia materna realiza un efecto analgésico. Este beneficio analgésico se conoce como tetanalgesia. Objetivo: Valorar el conocimiento de los profesionales sanitarios sobre la tetanalgesia y analizar las causas de su falta de implantación durante los procedimientos dolorosos realizados en el neonato hospitalizado. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, transversal y descriptivo, mediante un cuestionario validado autocumplimentado por los profesionales sanitarios en la Unidad de Neonatología del Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (Sevilla). Resultados y Conclusiones: Del total de la población estudiada, 51 profesionales sanitarios, sólo el 45% conoce el concepto de tetanalgesia lo que denota el déficit de formación al respecto. De estos, sólo el 22% lo aplica. Las causas principales de la no aplicabilidad fueron la falta de consenso de los profesionales (55,56%) y la falta de tiempo (38,89%), factores relacionados con el trabajo de equipo y con las condiciones de trabajo (AU)
Introduction: During the hospitalization, newborn children are subjected to constant painful and stressful procedures. There is evidence that breastfeeding makes an analgesic effect. This is known as Tetanalgesia. Objective: To value the knowledge of health professionals on tetanalgesia and analyze the causes of their lack of implantation during painful procedures realized to hospitalize newborn children. Material and Methods: Was realized an observational, cross-sectional and descriptive study, using a validated questionnaire auto completed by health professionals in the Unit of Neonatology of the Hospital University Virgen del Rocío (Seville). Results and Conclusions: Of the total study population (51 health professionals), only 45% knew the concept of tetanalgesia what it denotes the deficit of formation in the matter. Of these, only 22% apply it. The main causes of non-applicability were lack of consensus among the professionals (55,56%) and lack of time (38,89%),factors related to teamwork and working conditions (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Neonatology/education , Neonatology/ethics , Breast Feeding/methods , Breast Feeding/psychology , Societies/classification , Societies/ethics , Pain/congenital , Neonatology/classification , Neonatology/methods , Breast Feeding/economics , Societies/legislation & jurisprudence , Societies/prevention & control , Pain/metabolism , Spain/ethnology , Epidemiology, DescriptiveABSTRACT
El pronóstico, junto con el diagnóstico/evaluación psicológica y el tratamiento, es uno de los pilares de la psicología clínica. Entre los primeros temas que se plantean cuando se le diagnostica a una persona un trastorno mental es si el trastorno puede tratarse con éxito, el curso probable y las posibilidades de recuperación. En este artículo se plantea la necesidad y utilidad clínica de hacer predicciones sobre el pronóstico, así como el soporte empírico de los juicios pronósticos. El objetivo del estudio es describir las variables relevantes para la precisión del pronóstico en la práctica cotidiana de la psicología clínica y señalar los pasos a dar para su formulación. Por último, se analizan los sesgos cognitivos más habituales de los clínicos a la hora de hacer pronósticos con el objetivo de minimizarlos en la medida de lo posible. Se desarrollan algunas sugerencias para la investigación futura
The prognosis, along with diagnosis and treatment, is one of the strongest pillars of clinical psychology. Among the first questions often asked when a person is diagnosed with a mental disorder is whether this disorder can be treated successfully, the likely course, and the chances of recovery. This paper poses the need and clinical utility of making predictions about prognosis, as well as its empirical support. The purpose of this study was to describe the relevant variables for the accuracy of prognostic judgments in the day-to-day practice of clinical psychology and to point out the steps to be taken in formulating the prognosis. Finally, the possible biases of clinical psychologists are considered in order to minimize and, insofar as possible, to correct them. Suggestions for future research are outlined
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Homeopathic Clinical-Dynamic Prognosis/classification , Homeopathic Clinical-Dynamic Prognosis/methods , Psychology, Applied/education , Psychology, Applied/methods , Societies/ethics , Societies/methods , Homeopathic Clinical-Dynamic Prognosis/standards , Psychology, Applied , Psychology, Applied/standards , Societies/analysis , Societies/prevention & controlABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Drug Therapy/instrumentation , Drug Therapy/methods , Delivery of Health Care/economics , Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , Societies/ethics , Societies/methods , Drug Therapy/classification , Drug Therapy , Drug Therapy/psychology , Delivery of Health Care/methods , Delivery of Health Care/standards , Societies/prevention & controlABSTRACT
No disponible
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Physician-Patient Relations/ethics , Secondary Care/ethics , Secondary Care , Primary Health Care , Societies/ethics , Societies/policies , Sanitary Management/ethics , Sanitary Management/legislation & jurisprudence , Secondary Care/methods , Secondary Care/organization & administration , Primary Health Care/methods , Societies/methods , Societies/prevention & control , Sanitary Management/education , Sanitary ManagementABSTRACT
La capnografía es una monitorización no invasiva complementaria a la pulsioximetría, ya que esta valora la oxigenación, y mediante la capnografía se analiza la ventilación del paciente, midiendo el dióxido de carbono exhalado. Además, puede valorar la perfusión y el metabolismo del paciente en algunos casos. La capnografía se emplea desde hace más de 30 años para monitorizar al paciente intubado en el quirófano, donde es estándar de atención. El avance tecnológico ha permitido desarrollar capnógrafos portátiles fáciles de usar que ofrecen lecturas precisas tanto en pacientes intubados como con ventilación espontánea. Estos capnógrafos se están empezando a emplear en los servicios de emergencia médica (SEM) de España en los últimos años. La presente revisión bibliográfica ofrece una visión actual de la capnografía para colaborar en la formación de los profesionales sanitarios en esta monitorización de la ventilación que se encuentra en pleno surgimiento en los SEM españoles (AU)
Capnography is a non-invasive monitoring technique used in conjunction with pulse oximetry since the latter measures oxygenation whereas capnography is used to assess the patient¿s ventilation by measuring exhaled carbon dioxide. In some cases, it can also be used to measure the patient¿s perfusion and metabolism. Capnography has been used for over 30 years to monitor intubated patients during surgery where it is seen as a standard of care. Technological advances have led to the development of easy-to-use, portable capnographs that provide accurate readings both for intubated and spontaneously breathing patients. Over recent years, Emergency Medical Services (EMS) in Spain have begun using these capnographs. This bibliographical review offers a current overview of capnography that can be used to train healthcare professionals in the use of this ventilation monitoring technique, which is rapidly emerging in Spanish EMS (AU)
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Capnography/ethics , Capnography/instrumentation , Ambulatory Care , Ambulatory Care/methods , Societies/ethics , Societies/policies , Clinical Clerkship , Clinical Clerkship/methods , Technology, Radiologic , Technology, Radiologic/methods , Capnography/nursing , Capnography , Ambulatory Care/psychology , Ambulatory Care , Societies/classification , Societies/prevention & control , Clinical Clerkship/ethics , Clinical Clerkship/standards , Technology, Radiologic/instrumentation , Technology, Radiologic/standardsABSTRACT
A raíz de las investigaciones realizadas por la American Academy of Nurses sobre los denominados Hospitales Magnéticos (concepto introducido por L. Aiken), se puede afirmar que estos hospitales se caracterizan por: fomentar y permitir la autonomía profesional, el control sobre la práctica, tener una mejor relación con otros profesionales, y retener a enfermeras cualificadas que sean capaces de ejercer su juicio profesional en nombre de los pacientes. Los hospitales en los que existe una mayor satisfacción laboral de las enfermeras, presentan unos mejores resultados finales de los pacientes. El objetivo del presente estudio consiste en: determinar el grado de acuerdo de las enfermeras de hemodiálisis de la provincia de Cádiz con los atributos del entorno de la práctica enfermera (autonomía, relaciones enfermera médico, control sobre la propia práctica y apoyo de la organización). Se ha realizado un estudio de tipo cualitativo, descriptivo y multicéntrico dirigido a todos los profesionales enfermeros de la hemodiálisis de Cádiz. Los resultados obtenidos reflejan que la percepción que tienen las enfermeras de hemodiálisis de la provincia de Cádiz se alejan de los encontrados en otros estudios. Por todo ello proponemos el hospital magnético como instrumento para incentivar el desarrollo profesional y el entorno de trabajo (AU)
Based on the research done by the American Academy of Nurses on the so-called Magnetic Hospitals (concept introduced by L Aiken) we can establish that those hospitals are characterized by supporting professional autonomy, control on the practise mechanisms, a better relationship with other professionals, and keeping qualified nurses. Those hospitals where nurses feel more satisfied show better results with their patients. The aim of this work was to study the degree of satisfaction of nurses in Cadiz with their framework (including autonomy, relationship with doctors, control over their own practise, and support by the organizations). We have performed a qualitative, descriptive, multicentric study addressed to all nurses of haemodialysis in the District of Cadiz. The results show that the perception of these professionals is different from other studies. Therefore, we propose the magnetic hospital as an instrument to support the professional development and the work framework (AU)
