Evaluation of Sarcopenia by Psoas Muscle Measurements in Osteoporotic Patients with Vertebral Compression Fracture.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of sarcopenia on osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture with psoas muscle measurements. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Radiology, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkiye, from January 2020 to March 2023. METHODOLOGY: Measurements evaluating psoas muscle area (PMA), psoas muscle index (PMI), and psoas muscle density (PMD) were made at L2 vertebral corpus level for the diagnosis of sarcopenia from muscle mass with computed tomography (CT). The association between sarcopenia and osteoporotic compression fracture was examined with significance at p <0.05. RESULTS: Osteoporotic patients with 37 compression fractures and 37 without compression fractures were examined. PMA and PMI were statistically significantly lower in the study group (p <0.01). PMD was also found to be statistically significantly lower in the study group (p <0.05). Diagnostic performance (DP) was good for the discrimination of patients and control groups for psoas area (AUC = 0.88; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.807 - 0.956 and PMI (AUC = 0.83; 95% CI 0.734 - 0.917. It was poor for psoas density (AUC = 0.66, 95% CI 0.531 - 0.782). CONCLUSION: Sarcopenia is an important risk factor for osteoporotic compression fracture. Psoas measurements show a significant association with osteoporosis and vertebral fracture and can be easily determined on CT scan. KEY WORDS: Sarcopenia, Osteoporotic compression fracture, Psoas muscle.

Multiple back fractures as a result of the first seizure.

Non-traumatic fractures due to seizures are an overlooked diagnostic group. It is well known that patients with generalized tonic-clonic seizures have an increased trauma risk. However, the cause of fracture is rarely due to the violent forces of muscle contractions. Usually, the primary patient examination focuses on the aetiology of the seizure, which sometimes delays the diagnosis of fractures. This is a case report of a 19-year-old woman who sustained three compression fractures of the thoracic spine due to a generalized tonic-clonic seizure, and a discussion of the diagnostic challenges in such a rare case.

Percutaneous kyphoplasty through unilateral puncture on the convex side for the treatment of painful osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture with scoliosis.

PURPOSE: To assess the clinical safety, accuracy, and efficacy of percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) surgery using an enhanced method of unilateral puncture on the convex side for the treatment of painful osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (P-OVCF) with scoliosis. METHODS: Clinical and radiographic data of P-OVCF patients with scoliosis who underwent PKP via unilateral puncture on the convex side from January 2018 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. This technique's detailed surgical steps and tips were described. The local kyphosis angle (LKA), scoliosis Cobb angle (SCA), and local scoliosis Cobb angle (LSCA) were measured using X-ray and compared at pre-operation, post-operation, and the last follow-up. The width of pedicle (POW), inner inclination angle (IIA), lateral distance (LD), and puncture course length (PCL) were measured on the axial computed tomography image and compared between two sides. Postoperative computed tomography was employed to evaluate the condition of cement distribution and puncture. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for back pain (BP). RESULTS: Thirty-six patients, 23 women and 13 men, with an average age of 76.31 ± 6.28 years were monitored for 17.69 ± 4.70 months. The median surgical duration of single vertebrae was 35 min. The volume of bone cement for single vertebrae was 3.81 ± 0.87 ml and the proportion of sufficient cement distribution of the patients was 97.22. LKA was considerably improved from pre-operation to post-operation and sustained at the last follow-up. SCA and LSCA were not significantly modified between these three-time points. IIA, PCL, and LD were lower on the convex side than on the concave side. POW was considerably wider on the convex side. The ODI and VAS-BP scores were significantly improved after surgery and sustained during the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Combining with the proper assessment of the pre-injured life status of patients, PKP surgery using unilateral puncture on the convex side for the treatment of P-OVCF with scoliosis can achieve safe, excellent clinical, and radiographic outcomes.

The influence of pelvic tilt on sacral insufficiency fracture occurrence: Insights into the prevalence of high pelvic tilt among patients affected.

INTRODUCTION: Fragility fractures without significant trauma of the pelvic ring in older patients have an increasing incidence due to demographic change. Influencing factors other than osteoporotic bone quality that lead to an insufficiency fracture are not yet known. However, it is suspected that the pelvic tilt (PT) has an effect on the development of such an insufficiency fracture. This study explores the influence of the PTs in patients with insufficiency fractures of the posterior pelvic ring. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 49 geriatric patients with fragility fractures of the pelvic ring were treated at a university hospital level-1 trauma center during a period between February and December 2023, and their fractures were classified according to the FFP classification of Rommens and Hofmann. Complete sets of computer tomography (CT) and radiological images were available to determine the PT angle of the patients. RESULTS: 34 FFP type 2 and 15 FFP type 3 classified patients were included in the study. Significant difference was seen in the pelvic tilt (PT) angle between the patient group with insufficiency fractures (n= 49; mean age: 78.02 ± 11.80) and the control group with lumbago patients (n= 53; mean age: 69.23 ± 11.23). The PT was significantly higher in the patients with insufficiency fractures (25.74° ± 4.76; p⁎⁎⁎⁎ ≤ 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrates a significant extension of the PT angle of individuals with insufficiency fractures when compared to those with lumbago. The result suggests a potential association between pelvic tilt and fracture susceptibility. TRIAL REGISTRATION: A retrospective study about the influence of sagittal balance of the spine on insufficiency fractures of the posterior pelvic ring measured by the "pelvic tilt angle", DRKS00032120. Registered 20th June 2023 - Prospectively registered. Trial registration number DRKS00032120.

Surgical management of lower limb radiculopathy following acute singe-level osteoporotic vertebral fracture of lower lumbar spine in geriatric patient: a retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: Radiculopathy of the lower limb after acute osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVFs) in the lower lumbar spine is uncommon in geriatric patients. Moreover, surgical intervention is generally recommended in patients who are irresponsive to conservative treatment. Determining an optimum surgical strategy is challenging considering the poor general condition of this population. Thus, herein, we established an algorithm for surgically managing this clinical scenario, hoping to provide a reference for making a surgical decision. METHODS: We retrospectively studied patients who suffered from new-onset radiculopathy of the lower limb after acute single-level OVFs in the lower lumbar spine and eventually underwent surgical intervention at our department. Information on the demographics, bone quality, AO spine classification of the vertebral fracture, pre-existing degenerative changes, including foraminal stenosis and lumbar disc herniation, and surgical intervention type was collected. Additionally, clinical outcomes, including preoperative and postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) scores for back and leg pain, Oswestry disability index (ODI), and MacNab criterion for response to surgery, were evaluated. RESULTS: From September 2019 to December 2021, a total of 22 patients with a mean age of 68.59 ± 9.74 years were analyzed. The most involved vertebra was L5 (54.5%), followed by L4 (27.3%) and L3 (18.2%). Among the 22 patients, 15 (68.2%) were diagnosed with the A1 type fracture of AO classification, and among them, 11 (73.3%) were characterized by the collapse of the inferior end plate (IEP). Three patients (13.6%) suffered from A2-type fractures, whereas four patients (18.2%) suffered from A3-type fractures. Pre-existing degenerative changes were observed in 12 patients (54.5%) of the patients. A total of 16 patients (72.7%) were treated by percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP). Additionally, three patients underwent posterior instrumentation and fusion, two patients underwent a secondary endoscopic foraminoplasty, and one patient underwent a secondary radiofrequency ablation. The mean follow-up period was 17.42 ± 9.62 months. The mean VAS scores for leg and back pain and ODI decreased significantly after the surgery (P < 0.05). The total satisfaction rate at the last follow-up was 90.9% per the Macnab criterion. CONCLUSION: Patients with OVFs in the IEP are predisposed to suffer from radiculopathy of the lower limb. PKP alone or in combination with other minimally invasive surgical strategies is safe and effective in treating stable fractures. Additionally, aggressive surgical intervention should be considered in patients with unstable fractures or severe foraminal encroachment.

Pregnancy- and lactation-associated osteoporosis: A case series of 6 patients.

RATIONALE: There is still information about pregnancy- and lactation-associated osteoporosis, which is a type of osteoporosis that occurs in women with normal bone in the late pregnancy or lactation period. PATIENT CONCERNS: Six cases of pregnancy- and lactation-associated osteoporosis diagnosed in our Endocrinology and Orthopedics Departments from January 2018 to June 2020 were retrospectively studied. The baseline characteristics, clinical features, laboratory findings, radiological manifestations, and follow-up outcomes were analyzed and compared with previous reports. DIAGNOSES: All six patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging scans and vertebral compressive fractures were detected in four patients. OUTCOMES: All six patients received conservative treatment and no surgical intervention. After a mean follow-up of 27.3 months (range 24-31 months), the symptoms of the six patients were significantly relieved, although four patients still had low back pain to varying degrees.

Evaluation and Treatment of Sacroiliac Joint Pain in Patients with History of Vertebral Compression Fractures: A Retrospective Case Series.

BACKGROUND: Vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) can affect the entire spinopelvic complex and cause unpredictable patterns of back pain due to their effects on spinal tensegrity and biomechanical compensation. They can lead to significant morbidity and mortality in the aging population and are difficult to diagnose. We aimed to establish a relationship between VCFs and sacroiliac (SI) joint pain. OBJECTIVES: Demonstration of SI joint (SIJ) pain relief at up to 6 months after kyphoplasty (KP) in patients with VCFs and diagnosed SI dysfunction. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: All patients were from a private chronic pain and orthopedics practice in the northeastern United States. METHODS: Fifty-one patients with VCFs diagnosed through imaging and SIJ dysfunction diagnosed through 2 diagnostic SIJ blocks who had failed conservative management were considered for KP. Numeric Rating Scale (NRS 11) scores were recorded at the baseline, after each SIJ block, and at 4 weeks and then 6 months after KP. RESULTS: Forty-nine patients underwent KP. At 4 weeks after the procedure, there was an 84% average reduction in NRS scores from the baseline (P < 0.01). At 6 months after the procedure, there was an 80% reduction in NRS scores from the baseline (P < 0.01). LIMITATIONS: Larger sample sizes and a randomized control trial would be important steps in furthering the relationship between VCFs and SIJ. CONCLUSION: VCFs can cause a referred pain pattern to the SIJ that is best treated by KP for long-term management.

Comparative analysis of anti-osteoporosis medications in preventing vertebral body fractures after balloon kyphoplasty.

This retrospective study compared the efficacy of anabolic agents (romosozumab and teriparatide) with that of alendronate in preventing subsequent vertebral body fractures (SVBFs) after balloon kyphoplasty (BKP). All anabolic agents significantly reduced SVBFs. Romosozumab was most effective in increasing bone mineral density (BMD) and completely suppressed distant vertebral body fractures. INTRODUCTION: To determine optimal anti-osteoporosis medications, we compared romosozumab and teriparatide to alendronate as a control from perioperative BKP to the 1st postoperative year for treatment and secondary fracture prevention in osteoporosis. METHODS: A total of 603 patients who underwent initial BKP for osteoporotic vertebral fractures were evaluated and categorized into five groups based on drug administration: romosozumab (group R, 155 patients), twice-weekly teriparatide (group TW, 48), weekly teriparatide (group W, 151), daily teriparatide (group D, 138), and alendronate (control) (group C, 111). The 1-year incidence of SVBFs, BMD change rate, and probability of requiring BKP were compared among the groups. RESULTS: SVBF incidence was 3.9%, 6.5%, 8.3%, 6.0%, and 14.4% in groups R, D, TW, W, and C, respectively, with all other groups exhibiting significantly lower rates than group C. The groups that administered the anabolic agents had a notably lower incidence of distant fractures than group C. Compared with group C, group R showed significantly higher BMD change rates in lumbar vertebral bodies at 4, 8, and 12 months and group D at 12 months. Anabolic agent groups exhibited significantly higher improvement rates than group C after conservative treatment alone. CONCLUSION: The anabolic agents were found to be more effective at reducing the incidence of SVBF (especially distant vertebral fractures) than alendronate. These agents decreased the rate of repeat BKP even after the occurrence of a fracture. Overall, the use of an anabolic agent for the treatment of osteoporosis after BKP is better than the use of alendronate, even when treatment is initiated in the perioperative stage.

Association between pharmacotherapy and secondary vertebral fracture managed with a brace in a real-world setting: A nationwide database study in Japan.

AIM: This retrospective cohort study assessed the association between the incidence of secondary vertebral fracture managed with a brace (SVF) and pharmacotherapy. METHODS: The association between the incidence of SVF and the presence, type, and medication possession ratio (MPR) of pharmacotherapy was investigated using medical insurance data acquired from the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan. RESULTS: The data of female patients (n = 637 303) were analyzed. The 2-year incidence of SVF was 73.5 per 10 000 patients (n = 4687). Approximately 0.73% of patients without medications and 0.74% with medications had SVF. Patients taking bisphosphonates (0.87), denosumab (0.77), and selective estrogen receptor modulators (0.88) had significantly lower standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) than patients not taking medications after the occurrence of primary fracture; meanwhile, patients taking parathyroid hormone medications had considerably higher SIRs than those not taking medications. The non-SVF group (59.1%) had a significantly higher mean MPR than the SVF group (55.5%). Patients taking denosumab in the non-SVF group (68.2%) had the highest mean MPR. The proportion of patients taking denosumab with an MPR of ≥80% in the non-SVF group was significantly higher than that in the SVF group. CONCLUSION: Patients taking medications were at a lower risk of developing SVF than those not taking medications. Although this study did not compare the medications' SVF prevention effects, patients taking denosumab had a 0.77 SIR of SVF in Japan. The effect of pharmacotherapy on SVF prevention might be affected by the MPR of each medication. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 390-397.

Efficient hip joint distraction using the AO large femoral distractor in treating acetabular fractures associated with marginal impaction and intraarticular incarcerated fragments.

PURPOSE: The results after acetabular fracture are primarily related to the quality of articular reduction. Using the AO large femoral distractor, incarcerated fragments can be easily removed, and marginally impacted fragments can be elevated under direct visualization without further re-dislocating the joint. The current study aimed to evaluate our early results of using the AO large femoral distractor as an assisting tool during ORIF of acetabular fractures associated with marginal impaction or intraarticular incarcerated fragments. METHODS: Eighteen patients were included in this retrospective case series study diagnosed with an acetabular fracture associated with either marginal impaction injury or an intraarticular incarcerated fragment. On a usual operative table, all patients were operated upon in a prone position through the Kocher Langenbeck approach. The AO large femoral distractor was used to facilitate hip joint distraction. Postoperative fracture reduction and joint clearance were assessed in the immediate postoperative CT scans. RESULTS: The average age of the patients was 30 ± 8.2 years; 13 (72.2%) were males. All cases had a posterior wall fracture, and it was associated with transverse fractures, posterior column fractures, and T-type fractures in five (27.8%), two (11.1%), and one (5.6%) patients, respectively. Intraarticular incarcerated fragments were present in 13 (72.2%) cases and marginal impaction in five (27.8%). Fracture reduction measured on the postoperative CT scans showed an anatomical reduction in 14 (77.8%) patients, imperfect in four (22.2%), and complete clearance of the hip joint of any incarcerated fragments. CONCLUSION: The use of the AO large femoral distractor is a reliable and reproducible technique that can be applied to assist in the removal of incarcerated intraarticular fragments and to ease the reduction of marginally impacted injuries associated with acetabular fractures.

Effect of percutaneous vertebroplasty versus percutaneous kyphoplasty on post-operative wound pain in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.

This research is intended to evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) versus percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) in osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF), which is associated with post-operative pain. Eligible studies were screened by searching multiple databases and sources such as PubMed, Cochrane and EMBASE for search terms updated to October 2023, and relevant literature sources were searched. Randomized, controlled, prospective or retrospective, and cohort studies were eligible. For the analysis of the primary results, an analysis of the data was carried out, such as mean difference (MD) or odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence interval (CI). In the present research, 1933 research was screened in 4 databases, and 30 articles were chosen to be examined under strict exclusion criteria. No statistical significance was found in the use of bone cement in the PVP group and PKP (MD, -0.60; 95% CI, -1.40, 0.21, p = 0.15); PKP was associated with a reduced risk of cement leak compared with PVP group (OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.38, 3.46, p = 0.0009); no statistical significance was found in the wound VAS score in PVP operation compared with that of PKP (MD, 0.16; 95% CI, -0.07, 0.40, p = 0.17); no statistical significance was found between the time of PVP operation and the time of PKP operation (MD, -2.65; 95% CI, -8.91, 3.60, p = 0.41). Compared with PVP technology, the PKP treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures reduces post-operative cement leakage, but there is no significant difference in the number of operative cement and wound VAS after operation. Nor did there appear to be a statistically significant difference in time between the two operations.

Prevalence and risk factors of osteoporotic fracture among the elderly population in China: a multicenter cross-sectional study.

PURPOSE: Prevalence of osteoporotic fracture (OPF) is increasing with ageing, resulting in a significant financial burden for healthcare. However, research on the nationwide epidemiological data of OPF in Chinese elderly is still scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of OPF in Chinese population aged 60 years or order. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in an elderly Chinese population in five centres. Questionnaire investigation and imaging examination were taken in all participants to identify OPF prevalence and risk factors. Diagnosis of OPF was determined based on imaging of vertebral fractures or history of fall-related fractures. We then used multivariate logistic regression model to analyze the associations between the potential risk factors and OPF. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of OPF in population aged 60 years or older was 24.7% (1,071/4,331), showing an increasing trend with age (P < 0.001). The prevalence of OPF was geographically distinct (P < 0.001), but similar between men and women (P > 0.05). Up to 96.8% of OPFs consisted of vertebral fractures, especially involving T11, T12, and L1 segments. Advanced age (≥ 80), vision loss, severe hearing loss, multiple exercise forms, chronic kidney disease, osteoarthritis, and trauma-related vertebral fractures were significantly associated with risk factors, while education level and vitamin D supplementation were associated with protective factors of OPF. CONCLUSION: High prevalence of OPF is a serious threat to bone health among elderly people in China. There is an urgent need for effective strategies to diagnose, prevent, and treat OPF in elderly adults.

Hybrid kyphoplasty with short-versus intermediate- and long-segment pedicle screw fixations for the management of thoracolumbar burst fractures.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine if the hybrid short-segment (HSS) technique is a good alternative to the intermediate-segment (IS) and long-segment (LS) techniques in pedicle screw fixations for acute thoracolumbar burst fractures (TLBFs). METHODS: In this retrospective evaluation, we examined 43 patients who underwent surgical treatments, including one- or two-level suprajacent (U) and infrajacent (L) pedicle screw fixations, for acute single-level TLBFs with neurological deficits between the T11 and L2 levels from July 2013 to December 2019. Among these patients, 15 individuals underwent HSS (U1L1), 12 received IS (U2L1), and 16 underwent LS (U2L2) fixations. Supplemental kyphoplasty of the fractured vertebral bodies was performed exclusively in the HSS group. Our analysis focused on assessing blood loss and surgical duration. Additionally, we compared postoperative thoracolumbar kyphotic degeneration using the data on Cobb angles on lateral radiographic images acquired at three time points (preoperatively, postoperative day 1, and follow-up). The end of follow-up was defined as the most recent postoperative radiographic image or implant complication occurrence. RESULTS: Blood loss and surgical duration were significantly lower in the HSS group than in the IS and LS groups. Additionally, the HSS group exhibited the lowest implant complication rate (2/15, 13.33%), followed by the LS (6/16, 37.5%) and IS (8/12, 66.7%) group. Implant complications occurred at a mean follow-up of 7.5 (range: 6-9), 9 (range: 5-23), and 7 (range: 1-21) months in the HSS, IS, and LS groups. Among these implant complications, revision surgeries were performed in two patients in the HSS group, two in the IS group, and one in the LS group. One patient treated by HSS with balloon kyphoplasty underwent reoperation because of symptomatic cement leakage. CONCLUSIONS: The HSS technique reduced intraoperative blood loss, surgical duration, and postoperative implant complications, indicating it is a good alternative to the IS and LS techniques for treating acute single-level TLBFs. This technique facilitates immediate kyphosis correction and successful maintenance of the corrected alignment within 1 year. Supplemental kyphoplasty with SpineJack® devices and high-viscosity bone cements for anterior reconstruction can potentially decrease the risk of cement leakage and related issues.

Angioembolization Has Similar Efficacy and Lower Total Charges than Preperitoneal Pelvic Packing in Patients With Pelvic Ring or Acetabulum Fractures.

OBJECTIVES: To compare cost, hospital-related outcomes, and mortality between angioembolization (AE) and preperitoneal pelvic packing (PPP) in the setting of pelvic ring or acetabulum fractures. METHODS: . DESIGN: Retrospective database review. SETTING: National Inpatient Sample, years 2016-2020. PATIENT SELECTION CRITERIA: Hospitalized adult patients who underwent AE or PPP in the setting of a pelvic ring or acetabulum fracture. OUTCOME MEASURES AND COMPARISONS: Mortality and hospital-associated outcomes, including total charges, following AE versus PPP in the setting of pelvic ring or acetabulum fractures. RESULTS: A total of 3780 patients, 3620 undergoing AE and 160 undergoing PPP, were included. No significant differences in mortality, length of stay, time to procedure, or discharge disposition were found ( P > 0.05); however, PPP was associated with significantly greater charges than AE ( P = 0.04). Patients who underwent AE had a mean total charge of $250,062.88 while those undergoing PPP had a mean total charge of $369,137.16. CONCLUSIONS: Despite equivalent clinical efficacy in terms of mortality and hospital-related outcomes, PPP was associated with significantly greater charges than AE in the setting of pelvic ring or acetabulum fractures. This data information can inform clinical management of these patients and assist trauma centers in resource allocation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Improving patients' experiences of diagnosis and treatment of vertebral fracture: co-production of knowledge sharing resources.

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis involves changes to bones that makes them prone to fracture. The most common osteoporotic fracture is vertebral, in which one or more spinal vertebrae collapse. People with vertebral fracture are at high risk of further fractures, however around two-thirds remain undiagnosed. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommends bone protection therapies to reduce this risk. This study aimed to co-produce a range of knowledge sharing resources, for healthcare professionals in primary care and patients, to improve access to timely diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: This study comprised three stages: 1. In-depth interviews with primary care healthcare professionals (n = 21) and patients with vertebral fractures (n = 24) to identify barriers and facilitators to diagnosis and treatment. 2. A taxonomy of barriers and facilitators to diagnosis were presented to three stakeholder groups (n = 18), who suggested ways of identifying, diagnosing and treating vertebral fractures. Fourteen recommendations were identified using the nominal group technique. 3. Two workshops were held with stakeholders to co-produce and refine the prototype knowledge sharing resources (n = 12). RESULTS: Stage 1: Factors included lack of patient information about symptoms and risk factors, prioritisation of other conditions and use of self-management. Healthcare professionals felt vertebral fractures were harder to identify in lower risk groups and mistook them for other conditions. Difficulties in communication between primary and secondary care meant that patients were not always informed of their diagnosis, or did not start treatment promptly. Stage 2: 14 recommendations to improve management of vertebral fractures were identified, including for primary care healthcare professionals (n = 9) and patients (n = 5). Stage 3: The need for allied health professionals in primary care to be informed about vertebral fractures was highlighted, along with ensuring that resources appealed to under-represented groups. Prototype resources were developed. Changes included help-seeking guidance and clear explanations of medical language. CONCLUSIONS: The study used robust qualitative methods to co-produce knowledge sharing resources to improve diagnosis. A co-production approach enabled a focus on areas stakeholders thought to be beneficial to timely and accurate diagnosis and treatment. Dissemination of these resources to a range of stakeholders provides potential for substantial reach and spread.

How frequently MRI modifies thoracolumbar fractures' classification or decision-making? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: To provide the first meta-analysis of the impact of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on thoracolumbar fractures (TLFs) classification and decision-making. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science from inception to June 30, 2023 for studies evaluating the change in TLFs classification and treatment decisions after MRI. The studies extracted key findings, objectives, and patient population. A meta-analysis was performed for the pooled frequency of change in AO fracture classification or treatment decisions from surgical to conservative or vice versa after MRI. RESULTS: This meta-analysis included four studies comprising 554 patients. The pooled frequency of change in TLFs classification was 17% (95% CI 9-31%), and treatment decision was 22% (95% CI 11-40%). An upgrade from type A to type B was reported in 15.7% (95% CI 7.2-30.6%), and downgrading type B to type A in 1.2% (95% CI 0.17-8.3%). A change from conservative to surgery recommendation of 17% (95% CI 5.0-43%) was higher than a change from surgery to conservative 2% (95% CI 1-34%). CONCLUSIONS: MRI can significantly change the thoracolumbar classification and decision-making, primarily due to upgrading type A to type B fractures and changing from conservative to surgery, respectively. These findings suggest that MRI could change decision-making sufficiently to justify its use for TLFs. Type A subtypes, indeterminate PLC status, and spine regions might help to predict a change in TLFs' classification. However, more studies are needed to confirm the association of these variables with changes in treatment decisions to set the indications of MRI in neurologically intact patients with TLFs. An interactive version of our analysis can be accessed from here: https://databoard.shinyapps.io/mri_spine/ .

Post-traumatic lumbar nerve root entrapment into the spinous process of the lumbar spine.

Thoracolumbar fractures constitute a significant portion of spinal trauma, accounting for 15-20% of the cases. These fractures, caused by high-impact injuries, may involve tears of the posterior ligamentous complex, presenting a high chance of neurological injury ranging from dural tears to spinal root avulsion. This case report discusses a rare occurrence of avulsion of lumbosacral nerve roots posteriorly, becoming entrapped in the fractured spinous process of the L2 lumbar vertebra, leading to cauda equina syndrome following trauma and its implications during surgery.

'Skip' osteoporosis vertebral compression fractures caused by electrical injury: a case report and review of the literature.

INTRODUCTION: Electrical injuries rarely result in fractures, such as long bone fractures and spinal fractures. A few articles have reported osteoporosis vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) caused by electrical injuries. Here, we present a rare case of 37-year-old male suffering from the 9th thoracic (T9) and 5th lumbar (L5) OVCFs after receiving a electric shock. CASE PRESENTATION: A 37-year-old Han male experienced an electric shock (480 V direct current) at the working time and felt immediately serious back pain. He did not fall and lose consciousness. X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging showed acute OVCFs, as well as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry indicated osteoporosis. Normal laboratory tests can avoid secondary osteoporosis resulting from metabolic diseases and tumors. Finally, he was diagnosed with acute discontinuous OVCFs (T9 and L5). The patient denied having a history of back pain, whereas, he had a history of smoking, alcohol abuse, and congenital heart disease (tetralogy of Fallot) were associated with osteoporosis. Considering no local kyphosis and < 50% anterior body compression, we selected conservative treatment for this patient. At a 1-year and 3-year follow-up, the lateral thoracic and lumbar radiography demonstrated no instability of the spine, and the back pain has been relieved. CONCLUSIONS: This rare case reminds us the importance of consulting a detailed medical history when we encounter young patients receiving electrical injuries. Discontinuously OVCFs must not be overlooked, even though we encounter a young man.