Examining associations between physical activity context and children meeting daily physical activity guidelines: the role of outdoor play, sports, and other organized activities.

Background: Less than one-quarter of US children meet physical activity (PA) guidelines. Understanding the context in which PA occurs and how these contexts may play a role in meeting PA guidelines is an essential step toward developing effective behavioral interventions. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between PA context (sports participation, participation in other organized physical activities, active travel to school, and outdoor play) and the number of days children met PA guidelines in a representative sample of children living in Texas. Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data from a statewide sample of fourth-grade children in Texas who completed the 2019-2020 Texas School Physical Activity and Nutrition (Texas SPAN) survey. The Texas SPAN survey was designed to monitor the statewide prevalence of overweight/obesity among school children and assess habitual self-reported obesity-related behaviors, including diet and PA. Weighted Poisson regression models were employed to examine the associations between PA contexts (sports participation, participation in other organized physical activities, active travel to school, and outdoor play) and the number of days children met PA guidelines, adjusting for sex, race/ethnicity, overweight/obesity, urban-rural status, and economic disadvantage. Results: A total of 16.7% of fourth-grade children met physical activity guidelines every day during the week (mean age = 9.4 ± 0.6 years; female = 48.7, 51.8% Hispanic, mean days meeting PA guideline = 3.6 ± 2.3 days). One in ten (11.2%) children did not meet daily PA guidelines on any day of the week, and 72.1% met them between 1 and 6 days. Participating in sports (b = 0.22, 95%CI:0.14, 0.30), any other organized physical activities (b=0.13, 95%CI:0.017, 0.19), and playing outdoors 1-3 days (b = 0.25, 95%CI:0.04, 0.46) and 4-7 days in the past week (b = 0.77, 95%CI:0.57, 0.97) was significantly and positively associated with the number of days children met PA guidelines. Conclusion: Participating in sports, participating in other organized physical activities, and playing outdoors may beneficially influence the number of days children meet PA guidelines. PA programs should consider these contextual factors and investigate how to promote organized activities and outdoor play effectively and appropriately among children.

Health effect of public sports services and public health services: empirical evidence from China.

There is no clear explanation for the extraordinary rebound in China's population mortality over the past decade. This paper utilizes panel data from 31 Chinese provinces from 2010 to 2020 to determine the distinct impacts of public sports services (PSS), public health services (PMS), and their interaction on population mortality. Empirical results show that public sports services significantly reduce mortality. Every unit increase in public sports services reduces mortality by about 2.3%. It is characterized by delayed realization. Public health services were surprisingly associated with a rebound in mortality. Further studies found strong health effect from interaction of public sports and health services. The effect was significantly strengthened in areas with fewer extreme temperatures or developed economy. The findings have important policy implications for the high-quality development of public sports and health services. It also emphasizes integration of sports and medicine and mitigates health risks associated with extreme temperatures.

Loneliness and regular sports participation among people of Turkish and Moroccan origin and native Dutch people in the Netherlands. A longitudinal study.

OBJECTIVE: Sports participation is lower in people of Turkish and Moroccan origin in the Netherlands than in native Dutch people. Addressing this inequality calls for better insights into antecedents of sports participation in different ethnic groups. Theorists suggested that loneliness may hamper sports participation, and levels of loneliness are high among people of Turkish and Moroccan origin. This study assessed the longitudinal association between loneliness and regular sports participation among Turkish origin, Moroccan origin and native Dutch people. METHODS: Data are from Turkish origin (n = 394), Moroccan origin (n = 387) and native Dutch (n = 1663) people who participated in Wave 1 (2008-2010) and Wave 2 (2013) of the Netherlands Longitudinal Lifecourse Study. Regular sports participation at follow-up was regressed on loneliness at baseline in logistic regression models adjusted for baseline sports participation and a range of confounders. Models were stratified by ethnic group. RESULTS: Turkish and Moroccan origin people had lower rates of regular sports participation and higher levels of loneliness than native Dutch people. Loneliness at baseline was negatively associated with sports participation at follow-up for people of Turkish and Moroccan origin. No evidence of a longitudinal association between loneliness and sports participation among native Dutch people was found. CONCLUSIONS: The demonstrated positive longitudinal association between loneliness and regular sports participation in people of Turkish and Moroccan origin potentially opens new ways to encourage physical activity in these groups. An integrated approach to addressing loneliness and physical inactivity among people with a non-western migration background may benefit the realization of both goals.

Food and beverage selection in children's sports arenas in Norway: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the selection of foods and beverages in children's sports arenas in Norway. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study design with a digital questionnaire was used. Descriptive statistics were used to present the results. Moreover, Pearson's χ2 tests examined the factors that could aid in distinguishing clubs with healthy or unhealthy consumables. SETTING: Children's sports clubs in Norway. PARTICIPANTS: Representatives from 301 children's sports clubs in Norway answered the questionnaire between September and November 2021. RESULTS: In total, 89·4% of the participating sports clubs (n 301) offered soda drinks with sugar. Most of the sports clubs (88 %) reported to offer batter-based cakes such as pancakes and waffles and 63·8 % offered cakes. Furthermore, 47·5% sold hot dishes with processed meat, such as hamburgers and hot dogs. More than 80% of the sports clubs offered sweets and snacks, while 44·5% did not offer fruits, vegetables and/or berries. Notably, the important factors that distinguished sports clubs with healthier food selections from those with unhealthier selections were the presence of guidelines for the food offered and purchase agreements with food suppliers. CONCLUSIONS: Educational, governmental guidelines for the promotion of healthy eating and establishing agreements with suppliers of healthier foods could help to overcome barriers to unhealthy food selection.

Perceived coaches' health promotion activity, maintenance of participation in sports, and lifestyle habits among emerging adults: a four-year follow-up study.

OBJECTIVES: This study focused on how adolescents' perceptions of coaches' health promotion activity predict maintained participation and dropout in organized sports in emerging adulthood. In addition, differences in lifestyle habits between maintainers, dropouts, and nonparticipants in organized sports were explored. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Overall, 616 adolescents reported organized sports participation in the Finnish Health Promoting Sports Club (FHPSC) study at ages 15 and 19. Of these, 323 reported coach's health promotion activity on health topics at the age of 15. An index of a coach's general health promotion activity was formed. At age 19, all study participants reported their lifestyle habits. RESULTS: Among males, those who had perceived coaches' general health promotion activity as frequent were more likely to be maintainers than dropouts (48.6% vs. 20.0%) (p = .002). Among females, there was no significant difference (32.0% vs. 28.4%). Logistic regression analysis adjusted for gender showed that perceiving coach's general health promotion activity as frequent increased the odds of being a maintainer rather than a dropout. Moreover, maintainers had higher odds of having healthy lifestyle habits when compared to nonparticipants (related to physical activity; sleep; fruit and vegetable consumption; and cigarette use) or dropouts (related to physical activity; and cigarette use). In addition, dropouts had higher odds of having healthy lifestyle habits than nonparticipants (related to sleep; and cigarette use). CONCLUSIONS: Perceiving coaches' health promotion activity as frequent was related to maintained participation in organized sports among males. Maintainers were more likely to have more healthy lifestyle habits than nonparticipants and dropouts. There is a need to invest in coaches' health promotion activity when it is infrequent. A more detailed understanding is needed of coaches' health promotion activity that supports both maintained participation in sports, especially among females, and healthy lifestyle habits in emerging adulthood.

There is a need to invest in coaches' health promotion activity when it is infrequent in order to support adolescents' continued participation in organized sports and healthy lifestyle habits in emerging adulthood.

Sports participation moderates the risk of family-specific negative life events on alcohol use among adolescents: Evidence from the longitudinal MyLife study.

Negative life events (NLE) have been associated with increased alcohol use (AU) during adolescence. However, whether this risk association may be modified by leisure activities such as sports participation (SP) remains poorly understood. This study examined whether accumulated family-specific NLE in particular were associated with greater AU, and if so, whether SP moderated this association to reduce AU among high-NLE adolescents. We examined five annual assessments from a nationwide cohort of 3,422 Norwegian adolescents (13-15 year-olds; 55.3 % girls at baseline) who participated in the MyLife study. At each assessment, adolescents reported their AU on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Concise (AUDIT-C), the number of family-specific NLE in the past 12 months, SP days in the past 30 days, and multiple sociodemographic and individual-level characteristics (covariates). Changes over time in AU as a function of NLE, SP, and their interaction (NLExSP) were examined with a set of partially nested growth curve models. AU increased non-linearly over time in all models. The fully adjusted best-fitting model showed significant NLExSP interactions (estimate = -0.013, 95% CI [-0.02, -0.006]), such that the initial AUDIT-C scores were lower for high-NLE adolescents with high SP and greater for high-NLE adolescents with low SP. Further, linear increases in AU over time were marginally steeper for high-NLE adolescents with high SP (NLExSPxTime estimate = 0.034, 95% CI [-0.0002, 0.007]). Thus, SP appeared to have a protective role in reducing AU for high-NLE youth primarily during middle school years. Prevention efforts thus may utilize organized sports for youth facing family-specific NLE as a resource early on.

Suicide in National Collegiate Athletic Association athletes: a 20-year analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence rate of suicide from 2002 to 2022 among athletes from the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and assess for potential differences by, sex, race, division and sport. METHODS: NCAA athlete deaths over a 20-year period from 2002 to 2022 were identified. Poisson regression models were built to assess changes in incidence rates over time. Linear and quadratic fits between year and suicide incidence for males and females were evaluated. RESULTS: Of 1102 total deaths, 128 (11.6%) deaths by suicide were reported (male n=98, female n=30). The overall incidence was 1:71 145 athlete-years (AYs). Over the last decade, suicide was the second most common cause of death after accidents. The proportion of deaths by suicide doubled from the first 10 years (7.6%) to the second 10 years (15.3%). The suicide incidence rate for males increased linearly (5-year incidence rate ratio 1.32 (95% CI 1.14 to 1.53)), whereas a quadratic association was identified among female athletes (p=0.002), with the incidence rate reaching its lowest point in females in 2010-2011 and increasing thereafter. Male cross-country athletes had the highest suicide incidence rate (1:29 815 AYs) and Division I and II athletes had a higher suicide incidence rate than Division III athletes. No significant differences in suicide incidence rates by sex, race or sport were identified. CONCLUSION: Deaths by suicide among NCAA athletes increased in both males and females throughout the 20-year study period, and suicide is now the second most common cause of death in this population. Greater suicide prevention efforts geared towards NCAA athletes are warranted.

The perspective of current and retired world class, elite and national athletes on the inclusion and eligibility of transgender athletes in elite sport.

There has been limited empirical study allowing athletes to voice their opinions on transgender participation in elite sport. This study surveyed 175 national, elite and world class athletes eligible to compete in the female category regarding transgender inclusion and eligibility. The study compared current Olympic versus current Olympic Recognised sports, elite versus world class, and current versus retired Olympic sport athletes. Most athletes favoured biological sex categorisation (58%) and considered it unfair for trans women to compete in the female category, except for precision sports. This view was held most strongly by world class athletes regarding their own sport (77% unfair, 15% fair). For trans men inclusion in the male category, most athletes considered it fair, except for Olympic sport athletes regarding contact sports (49% unfair, 27% fair) and sports heavily reliant on physical capacity (53% unfair, 29% fair). Notwithstanding those views, athletes (81%) believed sporting bodies should improve inclusivity for transgender athletes. Opinion varied somewhat according to career stage, competitive level and sport type. Nevertheless, athletes in the present study favoured categorisation by biological sex and did not support trans women eligibility for the female category in sports reliant on performance-related biological factors that differ between sexes.

El deporte paralímpico en Chile: resultados históricos de las participaciones en los juegos paralímpicos de invierno y verano / Paralympic sport in Chile: historical results of participation in summer and winter paralympic games / O esporte paralímpico no Chile: resultados históricos das participações em jogos paralímpico de inverno e verão

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo relatar la evolución del movimiento paralímpico y su vínculo con el escenario político nacional e internacional. Los Juegos Paralímpicos de Verano hicieron su debut en 1960, mientras que Chile participó por primera vez en 1992. Por otro lado, los Juegos Paralímpicos de Invierno comenzaron en 1976, y la primera participación chilena en este evento se produjo en 2002. Para el desarrollo del estudio se utilizó un análisis documental, donde se analizaron las convocatorias oficiales de las delegaciones chilenas, junto con las planillas de resultados generales obtenidos en los Juegos Paralímpicos, se extrajo de los documentos: el número de atletas participantes de ambos sexos y deportes, información que posteriormente fue agrupada en presencia o no de medallas y tipo de medalla obtenida y, a partir de aquello, se analizó por tipo de discapacidad y año de participación. A través de los años, Chile vivenció constantes procesos y cambios en los periodos de gestión, a esto se suma la promulgación de leyes, tanto nacionales como internacionales, junto con la constante ayuda recibida de distintas agrupaciones privadas y gubernamentales, resultando en un paulatino incremento de deportistas paralímpicos, situación que colaboró en gran medida con el desarrollo integral del movimiento paralímpico chileno hasta lo que es en la actualidad; este crecimiento facilitó resultados exitosos, como el obtenido en el año 2012 con la conquista de la primera medalla paralímpica de Chile, llegando a un total de siete medallas distribuidas en cuatro deportes en los Juegos Paralímpicos Tokio 2020, quedando situado en el ranking paralímpico en la cuadragésima quinta posición.

The aim of this paper was to describe the evolution of the Paralympic movement and its connection with the national and international political scenario. The Summer Paralympic Games made their debut in 1960, while Chile first participated in 1992. On the other hand, the Winter Paralympic Games began in 1976, and Chile's first participation in this event occurred in 2002. A documentary analysis was conducted for the study, in which the official documents of the Chilean delegations were analyzed, along with the overall results obtained in the Paralympic Games. The documents provided information on the number of participating athletes of both genders, results and sports. This information was later grouped based on the presence or absence of medals and the type of medal obtained. It was further analyzed by type of disability and year of participation. Over the years, Chile experienced constant processes and changes in management, in addition to the enactment of laws, both national and international. The constant support received from various private and governmental organizations contributed to the gradual increase in paralympic athletes, which greatly facilitated the overall development of the Chilean Paralympic movement to its current state. This growth led to successful outcomes, such as Chile's 1st Paralympic medal in 2012, and the country has now achieved a total of 7 medals in 4 disciplines in Paralympic Games Tokyo 2020, placing it in the 45th position in paralympic medal board.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar a evolução do movimento paralímpico e sua relação com o cenário político nacional e internacional. Os Jogos Paralímpicos de Verão fizeram sua estreia em 1960, enquanto o Chile participou pela primeira vez em 1992. Por outro lado, os Jogos Paralímpicos de Inverno começaram em 1976, e a primeira participação chilena neste evento ocorreu em 2002. O estudo foi realizado através de análise documental, de onde foram extraídas informações sobre as delegações chilenas, juntamente com as planilhas de resultados gerais obtidos dos Jogos Paralímpicos. As variáveis registradas foram número de atletas participantes de ambos os sexos, modalidades e esportes. As informações posteriormente foram agrupadas em quantidade de medalhas e tipo da medalha obtida, sendo analisadas por tipo de deficiência e ano de participação. Ao longo dos anos, o Chile experimentou constantes processos e mudanças nos períodos de gestão, como a promulgação de leis, tanto nacionais como internacionais, juntamente com a ajuda constante recebida de diferentes grupos privados e governamentais, resultando em aumento de atletas paralímpicos, situação que contribuiu com o desenvolvimento integral do movimento paralímpico chileno. Este crescimento facilitou resultados exitosos, como o obtido em 2012 com a conquista da primeira medalha paralímpica do Chile, alcançando hoje um total de 7 medalhas distribuídas em 4 disciplinas em Tóquio 2022, colocando-se na quadragésima quinta posição do quadro de medalhas.

Analysis of individual performance indicators of football goalkeeper

One of the most widely used strategies for performance analysis in different sports is notational analysis through direct observation of technical-tactical actions, which allows to understand the main indicators of sporting performance of the players, both individually and collectively. Football goalkeepers (GKs) are involved in the game differently when compared to the rest of the players in the team and, therefore, they develop different high-level and high-intensity tactical-technical actions. Therefore, the present work aimed to analyse the different performance indicators of football GKs through a search in the following databases: Web of Science (WOS), Scopus (Elsevier), PubMed (NIH) and, SPORTDiscus (EBSCO), until February 2023. The following keywords were used: "Football" or "Soccer", "Goalkeeper" and "Performance analysis". The results show that the main performance indicators are the percentage of avoided goals, the distribution of the ball at the goal kick as well as the number of offensive and defensive actions. Therefore, training sessions should be planned and implemented aimming to improve these skills. (AU)

Una de las estrategias más utilizadas para analizar el rendimiento en diferentes modalidades deportivas, es el análisis notacional a través de la observación directa de las acciones técnico-tácticas, lo que permite conocer los principales indicadores de rendimiento deportivo de los jugadores, tanto individual como colectivamente. Los porteros de fútbol tienen una involucración en el juego diferente comparativamente al resto de los jugadores del equipo, y, por ende, desarrollan diferentes acciones táctico-técnicas de alto nivel y de alta intensidad. Por ello, el objetivo del presente trabajo fui a analizar los diferentes indicadores de rendimiento de los porteros de fútbol mediante una búsqueda en las bases de datos: Web of Science (WOS), Scopus (Elsevier), PubMed (NIH) y SPORTDiscus (EBSCO), hasta febrero del 2023. Para ello, se emplearon las siguientes palabras claves, “Football” o “Soccer”, “Goalkeeper” y “Performance analysis”. Los resultados muestran como los principales indicadores de rendimiento son el porcentaje de goles evitados, la distribución del balón en el saque de portería, así como el número de acciones ofensivas y defensivas. Por tanto, se deben planificar e implementar sesiones de entrenamiento para la mejora de dichas habilidades. (AU)

Understanding the Link among employee well-being, training, HRM practices, and organizational citizenship behavior among employees of Football Sports in Bahrain / Comprender el vínculo entre el bienestar de los empleados, la capacitación, las prácticas de gestión de recursos humanos y el comportamiento cívico organizacional entre los empleados de Football Sports en Bahrein

Sports play a crucial role in enhancing the tourism industry of a country. In this respect, sports-related personnel are indispensable. Determining the impact of HRM, training, and employee well-being on employee engagement and organizational citizenship was the primary objective of this study. This study also evaluated employee commitment's role as a mediator. Data were obtained from Bahraini employees participating in football activities for this purpose. The respondents provided the information by completing questionnaires. The survey was disseminated to Bahraini employees who participated in football athletics. The valid response rate for the investigation was 73.62 percent. The gathered data were analyzed using SEM and the cutting-edge PLS 3.3.9 application. The study's findings indicate that HRM practices, training, and well-being positively affect employee commitment. Additionally, employee commitment positively affects organizational citizenship behavior. However, this research supports the mediating effect of employee dedication. These findings are useful for future academic study and football decision-makers in Bahrain regarding relevant HR policies.(AU)

An investigation of the effects of sensation seeking and impulsivity on extreme sport participation and injury using path analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Extreme sport participation and injury rates have increased in recent decades. This study aimed to investigate sub-dimensions of impulsivity and sensation seeking that contribute to participation and injury risk in extreme sports. PARTICIPANTS: Data included cross-sectional survey responses from 7,109 college students (Mage = 19.68, SD = 2.31). METHODS: This study utilized path analysis to investigate sub-dimensions of sensation seeking and impulsivity as predictors of extreme sport participation and injury across 3 models. RESULTS: Results of the final model identify risk seeking and lack of perseverance as the two strongest predictors of extreme sports injury, risk seeking, experience seeking, and lack of premeditation as the strongest positive predictors of extreme sports participation, and lack of perseverance as the strongest negative predictor of extreme sports participation. CONCLUSIONS: These results will contribute to targeted prevention and intervention efforts for extreme sports injury among young adults based on identified individual personality factors.

Ecological correlates of sport and exercise participation among Thai adolescents: A hierarchical examination of a cross-sectional population survey.

BACKGROUND: Understanding factors influencing adolescents' sport/exercise participation (S/EP) is vital to developing effective interventions, but currently, evidence from less developed countries is limited. The purpose of this study was to examine correlates of S/EP across individual, interpersonal, and environmental levels in a nationally representative sample of Thai adolescents. METHODS: Data from 4617 Thai adolescents aged 14-17 years old were obtained from recruited schools across Thailand. Data on S/EP (outcome variable), and psychosocial, home, and community environment covariates were collected from individual adolescents using the Thailand Physical Activity Children Survey, Student Questionnaire. School environmental data were collected at the school level using a School Built Environment Audit. Hierarchical regressions taking into account school clustering effects were applied for data analysis. RESULTS: At the individual level, age and body mass index were independently and strongly correlated with S/EP. Adolescents with high preference for physical activity (PA) (odd ratio (OR) = 1.71, p < 0.001) and at least a moderate level of self-efficacy (OR = 1.33, p = 0.001) were more likely to have high S/EP. At the interpersonal level, adolescents whose parents joined their sports/exercise at least 1-2 times/week (OR = 1.36, p = 0.003) received ≥3 types of parental support (OR = 1.43, p = 0.005) and who received siblings' (OR = 1.26, p = 0.004) and friends' (OR = 1.99, p < 0.001) support had a greater chance of high S/EP. At the environmental level, adolescents' S/EP was greater when there were at least 3-4 pieces of home sport/exercise equipment (OR = 2.77, p = 0.003), grass areas at school (OR = 1.56, p < 0.001), and at least 1-2 PA facilities in the community (OR = 1.30, p = 0.009). CONCLUSION: Multiple factors at different levels within an ecological framework influencing Thai adolescents' S/EP were generally similar to those found in developed countries, despite some differences. For those interested in promoting and supporting Thai adolescents' engagement in sports/exercise, further exploration of the influence of self-efficacy and attitude toward PA is required at the individual level; parental and peer support at the interpersonal level; and home sport equipment, school grass areas, and neighborhood PA facilities at the environment level.

Detecção de talentos no voleibol: uma modelagem estatística baseada na estatura adulta prevista de escolares / Talent identification for volleyball: a statistical modeling based on the students' predicted adult height

RESUMO Saber a estatura que um jovem irá atingir na idade adulta pode auxiliar os treinadores e gestores na detecção de talentos para o voleibol no contexto escolar. O objetivo do estudo foi criar uma modelagem estatística para detecção de talentos no voleibol, baseada na estatura adulta prevista (EAP) e descrever a proporção de alunos com potencial de estatura compatível com atletas de voleibol de elite. A amostra foi composta por 1060 escolares de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 12 e 16 anos, e por atletas de voleibol que disputaram a Superliga A de Voleibol Masculino e Feminino 2018-2019. A estimativa da EAP foi feita pelo método Kamis-Roche. A modelagem estatística foi realizada a partir da Estratégia Z-Celafiscs. Verificou-se que 4,3% dos meninos e 2,2% das meninas apresentaram um potencial de estatura adulta compatível com a estatura de atletas de voleibol de elite (≥1,90 m para os meninos; ≥1,78 m para as meninas), variando de acordo com a posição de jogo. Conclui-se que a estatura adulta prevista pode ser útil na detecção de potencias talentos para o voleibol no contexto escolar, identificando precocemente aqueles que terão elevada estatura na idade adulta.

ABSTRACT Knowing the stature that a young person will reach in adulthood can help coaches and sport managers in identifying talents for volleyball in a school scenario. The aim of the present study was to develop a statistical modeling to identify talents from volleyball players based on predicted adult height (PAH), and to show the proportion of students with potential body height compatible with the average height of high-level volleyball athletes. The study sample included 1060 students, wherein both masculine and feminine volleyball players, with the age ranging from 12-16 years, and volleyball players from the Brazilian Men's and Women's Volleyball Super League A competition (in Portuguese, Superliga A de Voleibol do Brasil). PAH estimation was calculated using the Kamis-Roche method. Statistical modeling was based on the Z-Celafiscs Strategy. 4.3% of boys and 2.2% of girls were found to have a potential adult height compatible with the average height of high-level volleyball athletes (≥1.90m for boys; ≥1.78m for girls), ranging according to each player game position. In conclusion, the expected adult height can be useful to identify potential talents for volleyball in a school scenario, by early identifying players who will have taller stature in adulthood.

Identificación de hábitos, conductas y prácticas de niñas, niños y adolescentes de 5º y 6º año en instituciones educativas públicas y privadas / Identification of behaviours, habits and practices of 5th and 6th grade children and adolescents studying at private and public schools / Identificação de hábitos, comportamentos e práticas dos meninos, meninas e adolescêntes de 5to e 6to ano do ensino fundamental de instituçoes de ensino público e privado

Introducción: lograr la interacción entre los equipos de salud y la educación, es fundamental para generar futuras generaciones con conocimientos y destrezas que les permitan cuidar su salud, la de sus familias y comunidades. Durante la edad escolar se desarrollan gran parte de las preferencias, costumbres y estilos personales. Objetivo: conocer los hábitos, conductas y prácticas de las niñas, niños y adolescentes de quinto y sexto año de tres instituciones educativas públicas y tres privadas de Montevideo para realizar un diagnóstico de situación que permita planificar una intervención posterior. Material y método: estudio descriptivo, observacional y transversal entre octubre y diciembre 2017. Se aplicó una encuesta anónima a escolares de quinto y sexto año de tres instituciones públicas y tres privadas de los barrios Paso de la Arena, Prado y Colón. Se solicitó consentimiento informado y autorización al comité de investigación institucional. Se utilizaron frecuencias absolutas y porcentajes. Resultados: participaron 331 escolares, 73,1% del sector público y el 26,9% del privado. En la merienda escolar, 46% consume merienda casera y 75% comprada. El 53% no consume alimentos UP en el recreo. En el hogar un 50% come frutas y un 35% come verduras todos los días, un 64,3% consume carne UP hasta 3 veces por semana. Si bien un 48,3% refiere correr todos los días, casi cuatro de cada diez nunca bailan, patinan o andan en bicicleta y dos de cada diez nunca practican deportes. El 65% destina más de 2 horas a las pantallas, 2 de cada 10 duermen menos de 6 horas y más del 50% usan el celular o miran televisión antes de dormir. Se encontraron diferencias entre el sector público y privado en la merienda casera, consumo de UP, carne y agua. Conclusiones: se realizó un diagnóstico de los hábitos, conductas y prácticas de los escolares de esas 3 zonas que permitió elegir los temas prioritarios de salud para trabajar con esas escuelas. La situación es inquietante y debe trabajarse con celeridad a nivel interinstitucional generando cambios en los hábitos de vida de los escolares, sus familias y la comunidad. Se determinó un punto de partida para poder evaluar y medir el impacto de las acciones.

Introduction: promoting interaction between health and educational teams is essential to build the necessary skills and knowledge in future generations that would enable them to take care of their health, their families' and their communities'. Most preferences, habits and personal styles are developed at school age. Objective: to get to know the habits, behaviors and practices of children and adolescents of fifth and sixth grade attending three public and three private educational institutions in Montevideo and make a diagnosis of the situation to able to plan a subsequent intervention. Material and Methods: descriptive, observational and crosssectional study between October and December 2017. An anonymous survey was applied to fifth and sixth grade students from three public and three private institutions in the Paso de la Arena, Prado and Colón neighborhoods. Informed consent and authorization were obtained from the institutional research committee. Absolute frequencies and percentages were used. Results: 331 school children participated, 73.1% from the public sector and 26.9% from the private sector. Regarding school snacks, 46% of them consume homemade snacks and 75% consume processed snacks. 53% do not consume food during recess. At home 50% eat fruits and 35% eat vegetables every day, 64.3% consume UP meat up to 3 times a week. While 48.3% report running every day, almost four out of ten have never danced, skated or ridden a bike and two out of ten have never played sports. 65% spend more than 2 hours watching screens, 2 out of 10 sleep less than 6 hours and more than 50% use the cell phone or watch television before bed. We found significant differences between the public and private sectors regarding homemade snacking, meat and water consumption. Conclusions: we carried out a diagnosis of the habits, behaviors and practices of schoolchildren in these 3 areas, which enabled us to choose priority health topics to work with these schools. The situation is disturbing and it must be addressed quickly at interinstitutional level in order to generate changes in the schoolchildren habits, their families and their communities. We have set up a starting point in order be able to evaluate and measure the impact of actions taken.

Introdução: alcançar a interação entre as equipes de saúde e de educação é essencial para gerar conhecimentos e habilidades nas gerações futuras que lhes permitam cuidar de sua saúde, a de sua família e a de suas comunidades. A maior parte das preferências, costumes e estilos pessoais são desenvolvidos durante a idade escolar. Objetivo: conhecer os hábitos, comportamentos e práticas de crianças e adolescentes do quinto e sexto ano de ensino fundamental de três instituições de ensino público e três de ensino privado de Montevidéu para fazer um diagnóstico da situação que permita planejar uma intervenção posterior. Material e Métodos: estudo descritivo, observacional e transversal entre outubro e dezembro de 2017. Uma pesquisa anónima foi aplicada a alunos do quinto e sexto ano do ensino fundamental de três instituições públicas e três privadas dos bairros Paso de la Arena, Prado e Colón. Consentimento informado e autorização foram solicitados ao comitê de pesquisa da instituição. Foram utilizadas frequências absolutas e porcentagens. Resultados: participaram 331 escolares, sendo 73,1% do setor público e 26,9% do setor privado. Na merenda escolar, 46% consomem lanche caseiro e 75% compram. 53% não consomem alimentos UP no recreio. Em casa 50% comem frutas e 35% comem vegetais todos os dias, 64,3% consomem carne UP até 3 vezes por semana. Enquanto 48,3% relatam correr todos os dias, quase quatro em cada dez nunca dançam, patinam ou andam de bicicleta e dois em cada dez nunca praticam esportes. 65% passam mais de 2 horas assistindo a telas de computador ou telefones, 2 em cada 10 dormem menos de 6 horas e mais de 50% usam o celular ou assistem à televisão antes de dormir. Foram encontradas diferenças entre os setores público e privado no consumo de lanches caseiros, UP, carne e água. Conclusões: um diagnóstico dos hábitos, comportamentos e práticas dos escolares das 3 zonas que permitiram escolher os temas prioritários de saúde para trabalhar com estas escolas. A situação é preocupante e deve ser trabalhada rapidamente no nível interinstitucional, com o fim de gerar mudanças nos hábitos de vida dos escolares, de suas famílias e da comunidade. Determinouse um ponto de partida para poder avaliar e mensurar o impacto das ações realizadas.

Adolescents' Use of Free Time and Associations with Substance Use from 1991 to 2019.

Background: Understanding time trends in risk factors for substance use may contextualize and explain differing time trends in substance use. Methods: We examined data (N = 536,291; grades 8/10/12) from Monitoring the Future, years 1991-2019. Using Latent Profile Analyses, we identified six time use patterns: one for those working at a paid job and the other five defined by levels of socialization (low/high) and engagement in structured activities like sports (engaged/disengaged), with the high social/engaged group split further by levels of unsupervised social activities. We tested associations between time use profiles and past two-week binge drinking as well as past-month alcohol use, cigarette use, cannabis use, other substance use, and vaping. We examined trends and group differences overall and by decade (or for vaping outcomes, year). Results: Prevalence of most substance use outcomes decreased over time among all groups. Cannabis use increased, with the largest increase in the group engaged in paid employment. Vaping substantially increased, with the highest nicotine vaping increase in the high social/engaged group with less supervision and the highest cannabis vaping increase in the highly social but otherwise disengaged group. Substance use was lowest in the low social groups, highest in the high social and employed groups. Conclusions: While alcohol, cigarette, and other substance use have declined for all groups, use remained elevated given high levels of social time, especially with low engagement in structured activities or low supervision, or paid employment. Cannabis use and vaping are increasing across groups, suggesting the need for enhanced public health measures.

Analysis of different training load monitoring methods in youth women handball players

This study examined the association between different methods for training load (TL) monitoring during youth handball training. Distance covered, heart rate and session rating of perceived exertion [SRPE] were recorded during 12 training sessions in 14 youth women handball athletes (16.9±1.1 years). Internal load models based on SRPE and Edwards’ Trimp were calculated. An oscillatory feature was observed for the three methods of TL assessment (SRPE: 383±159 A.U., Edwards’ Trimp: 252±71 A.U., total distance: 3997±1291 m). A large correlation was found between Edwards’ Trimp and distance covered (r=0.59). A moderate correlation was observed for Edwards’ Trimp vs. SRPE (r=0.36), and between SRPE vs. distance covered (r=0.49). Shared variances of 13–35% were observed between TL methods comparisons. The results suggest that different constructs seem to be measured by each load model. Additionally, SRPE is a simple and low-cost method that might be used for TL monitoring in handball. (AU)

The Epidemiology of Ankle Sprains in US High School Sports, 2011-2012 to 2018-2019 Academic Years.

CONTEXT: Continued monitoring of ankle sprain rates and distributions is needed to assess temporal patterns and gauge how changes in incidence may be associated with prevention efforts. OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiology of ankle sprains in 16 US high school sports during the 2011-2012 to 2018-2019 school years. DESIGN: Descriptive epidemiology study. SETTING: Online injury surveillance from high school sports. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: High school athletes who participated in practices and competitions during the 2011-2012 to 2018-2019 school years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): A convenience sample of high school athletic trainers provided injury and athlete-exposure (AE) data to the National High School Sports-Related Injury Surveillance Study (data provided by High School Reporting Information Online [HS RIO]). Ankle sprain rates per 10 000 AEs with 95% CIs and distributions were calculated. Yearly rates were examined overall and by event type, injury mechanism, and recurrence. RESULTS: Overall, 9320 ankle sprains were reported (overall rate = 2.95/10 000 AEs; 95% CI = 2.89, 3.01). The highest sport-specific rates were reported in girls' basketball (5.32/10 000 AEs), boys' basketball (5.13/10 000 AEs), girls' soccer (4.96/10 000 AEs), and boys' football (4.55/10 000 AEs). Most ankle sprains occurred during competition (54.3%) and were due to contact with another person (39.5%) or noncontact (35.0%). Also, 14.5% of injuries were recurrent. Across the included academic years, ankle sprain rates generally increased. Compared with the 2011-2012 academic year, rates in the 2018-2019 academic year overall were 22% higher; noncontact-related and recurrent ankle sprain rates also generally increased by 91% and 29%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Time trends suggested that ankle sprain rates have increased across the past decade, particularly among those with noncontact-related mechanisms, contrasting with previous research that indicated decreases in incidence. These findings may pinpoint specific etiologic factors that should direct prevention efforts, including considering both person-contact and noncontact mechanisms by mitigating illegal contact through rule changes and enforcement, as well as bracing and proprioceptive and balance-training programs.

Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 Test Positivity in NCAA Division I Student Athletes vs Nonathletes at 12 Institutions.

Importance: The COVID-19 pandemic initially led to the abrupt shutdown of collegiate athletics until guidelines were established for a safe return to play for student athletes. Currently, no literature exists that examines the difference in SARS-CoV-2 test positivity between student athletes and nonathletes at universities across the country. Objective: To identify the difference in risk of COVID-19 infection between student athlete and nonathlete student populations and evaluate the hypothesis that student athletes may display increased SARS-CoV-2 test positivity associated with increased travel, competition, and testing compared with nonathletes at their respective universities. Design, Setting, and Participants: In this cross-sectional analysis, a search of publicly available official university COVID-19 dashboards and press releases was performed for all 65 Power 5 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I institutions during the 2020 to 2021 academic year. Data were analyzed at the conclusion of the academic year. Schools that released at least 4 months of testing data, including the fall 2020 football season, for student athletes and nonathlete students were included in the analysis. Power 5 NCAA Division I student athletes and their nonathlete student counterparts were included in the analysis. Exposure: Designation as a varsity student athlete. Main Outcomes and Measures: The main outcome was SARS-CoV-2 test positivity for student athletes and nonathlete students at the included institutions for the 2020 to 2021 academic year, measured as a relative risk for student athletes. Results: Among 12 schools with sufficient data available included in the final analysis, 555 372 student athlete tests and 3 482 845 nonathlete student tests were performed. There were 9 schools with decreased test positivity in student athletes compared with nonathlete students (University of Arkansas: 0.01% vs 3.52%; University of Minnesota: 0.63% vs 5.96%; Penn State University: 0.74% vs 6.58%; Clemson University: 0.40% vs 1.88%; University of Louisville: 0.75% vs 3.05%; Purdue University: 0.79% vs 2.97%; University of Michigan: 0.40% vs 1.12%; University of Illinois: 0.17% vs 0.40%; University of Virginia: 0.64% vs 1.04%) (P < .001 for each). The median (range) test positivity in these 9 schools was 0.46% (0.01%-0.79%) for student athletes and 1.04% (0.40%-6.58%) for nonathlete students. In 1 school, test positivity was increased in the student athlete group (Stanford University: 0.20% vs 0.05%; P < .001). Overall, there were 2425 positive tests (0.44%) among student athletes and 30 567 positive tests (0.88%) among nonathlete students, for a relative risk of 0.50 (95% CI, 0.48-0.52; P < .001). There was no statistically significant difference in student athlete test positivity between included schools; however, test positivity among nonathlete students varied considerably between institutions, ranging from 133 of 271 862 tests (0.05%) at Stanford University to 2129 of 32 336 tests (6.58%) at Penn State University. Conclusions and Relevance: This study found that in the setting of SARS-CoV-2 transmission mitigation protocols implemented by the NCAA, participation in intercollegiate athletics was not associated with increased SARS-CoV-2 test positivity. This finding suggests that collegiate athletics may be held without an associated increased risk of infection among student athletes.