Recepção, circulação e disciplinarização da gestalt-terapia no Mato Grosso do Sul / Reception, Circulation and Disciplinarization of Gestalt-therapy in Mato Grosso do Sul / Recepción, Circulación y Disciplinarización de la Gestalt-terapia en Mato Grosso do Sul

A Gestalt-terapia vem crescendo e se desenvolvendo desde de sua recepção na década de 1950. Para alguns autores, a Gestalt-terapia está envolvida no processo de recepção da fenomenologia na psicologia Humanista. Todavia, aspectos que envolvem o processo de formação de um conhecimento especializado e institucionalizado, como a disciplinarização dessa abordagem, são pouco visíveis no Mato Grosso do Sul (MS). Nesse cenário, esta pesquisa objetiva descrever e analisar formas de disciplinarização da Gestalt-terapia, em Mato Grosso do Sul, entre 1980 e 1990. Metodologicamente, esta é uma pesquisa em História da Psicologia que opera com Análise Documental e Análise de Conteúdo de fontes orais e textuais. Os resultados indicam que a disciplinarização da Gestalt-terapia ocorreu simultaneamente à graduação dos primeiros psicólogos, na cidade. Eles destacam, também, envolvimento nessa formação como uma possibilidade de expansão de conhecimentos, já que o cenário campo-grandense, à época, dificultava o acesso a formações complementares. Por fim, sinalizam um perfil de grupo eminentemente feminino e que salienta a importância de vivências terapêuticas no grupo de formação. Assim, ao desvelarmos esse processo, compreende-se determinados aspectos da história da Psicologia brasileira além de clarificar aspectos não narrados da história local, até então.

Gestalt Therapy has been growing and developing since its arrival in the 1950's. For some authors, Gestalt-therapy is involved in the process of receiving phenomenology in Humanistic Psychology. However, specifics and institutionalized aspects of its studies, as disciplinarization, are barely visible in Mato Grosso do Sul (MS). In this scenario, this research aims to describe and analyze Gestalt-Therapy's disciplinarization in MS, between 1980 and 1990. Methodologically, this is a research in History of Psychology that uses Documentary and Content Analysis from oral and textual sources. Results indicate that Gestalt-Therapy's disciplinarization happened at the same time the firsts psychologists graduated in the city. They also highlight the involvement in the Gestalt-Therapy's training as a possibility of expansion knowledge, considering the scenario of Campo Grande, at the time, made it difficult to access complementary education. Finally, they suggest an eminently female group profile that shows the importance of therapeutic experiences in the group formation. Therefore, by unveiling this process, we understand certain aspects of the history of Brazilian Psychology, in addition to clarifying untold aspects of this local history.

La Terapia gestáltica (GT), desde su recepción en la década de 1950, se ha desarrollado profusamente. Para algunos autores la terapia gestáltica está involucrada en el proceso de recepción de la fenomenología en la psicología humanística. Sin embargo, algunos aspectos disciplinares de ésta en Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) son poco visibles. En este escenario, esta investigación tiene como objetivo describir y analizar las formas de desarrollo disciplinar de la GT en MS, entre los años 1980 y 1990. Metodológicamente, este es un estudio en Historia de la Psicología que opera con análisis documental y de contenido de fuentes orales y textuales. Los resultados indican que el desarrollo disciplinar de la GT ocurrió junto con la graduación de los primeros psicólogos en la ciudad. Éstos destacan, que el interés en este enfoque terapéutico fue por la posibilidad de expansión de conocimientos, ya que el escenario campo-grandense de la época, dificultaba el acceso a formaciones complementarias. Finalmente, éstos señalan un perfil de grupo eminentemente femenino y que alentaba la importancia de vivencias terapéuticas en el grupo de formación. Es por ello que, al develar este proceso, se comprenden determinados aspectos de la historia de la psicología brasileña, además de clarificar aspectos hasta entonces no narrados de esa historia local.

Historizar la profesionalización sanitaria: perspectivas desde Chile y Argentina / No disponible

No disponible

Predictores del consumo semanal de alcohol y sus consecuencias asociadas en universitarios consumidores intensivos de alcohol / Predictors of weekly alcohol drinking and alcohol-related problems in binge-drinking undergraduates

Las importantes implicaciones que genera el consumo intensivo de alcohol entre los jóvenes justifican el interés por determinar qué factores predicen su aparición. Concretamente, en este estudio se analiza el papel de la personalidad y edad de inicio en el consumo de alcohol en la predicción del consumo semanal de alcohol, y de todas estas variables en la predicción del número de consecuencias asociadas al consumo en jóvenes universitarios.Se evalúan 213 consumidores intensivos de primer curso de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Todos ellos cumplimentaron un autoregistro de consumo, el BIS-11, el NEO-FFI y el IECI de consecuencias asociadas a la ingesta. Los análisis de regresión de orden jerárquico muestran que la edad de inicio resulta ser una variable predictora relevante tanto en la explicación del consumo semanal como del número de consecuencias. Lo mismo puede decirse de la variable consumo semanal respecto a la del número de consecuencias.En líneas generales, el influjo de las variables de personalidad es bastante limitado. Tan sólo mencionar la responsabilidad e impulsividad, que junto con la edad, llegan a explicar gran parte de la conducta de consumo semanal entre varones. En lo que respecta a las consecuencias derivadas del consumo, sólo resultan explicativas, aunque en menor medida que la edad y el consumo semanal, la impulsividad y el neuroticismo. Esto justifica la necesidad de planificar intervenciones más ajustadas y de analizar nuevos predictores en el caso de las mujeres que permitan explicar en mayor medida su conducta de consumo semanal

The important implications generated by binge drinking among university students justify the interest to determine which factors predict its occurrence. Specifically, this study aims to assess the role of personality and drinking onset in predicting weekly alcohol consumption, and the impact of the whole set of variables in predicting the number of consequences associated with consumption in undergraduates. Two hundred and thirteen freshmen who were intensive consumers (binge drinkers) from the University Complutense of Madrid were evaluated. All of them filled in a self-registration of consumption, the BIS-11, the NEO-FFI and the IECI consequences associated with intake. The hierarchical regression analysis shows that the drinking onset appears to be a relevant predictor variable in explaining weekly consumption and the number of consequences. The same can be said of the weekly consumption variable with regard to the number of consequences. In general, the influence of personality is quite limited. It is interesting to point out that responsibility and impulsivity, along with age, explain most of the weekly consumption behavior among males. With respect to the consequences of consumption, only impulsivity and neuroticism contribute to explain them, but with less strength than age and weekly consumption. Our results justify the need to plan tighter interventions and consider new predictors that help to explain further weekly consumption in women

Retos actuales de la formación en psicología: análisis de las temáticas abordadas en los congresos nacionales sobre enseñanza de la psicología / No disponible

El presente trabajo pretende analizar los temas que se han abordado en los dos Congresos Nacionales sobre enseñanza de la Psicología, hasta el momento. La comparación entre los principales debates suscitados en cada uno de ellos permitirá conocer cómo han evolucionado las preocupaciones sobre la formación psicológica en los cinco años transcurridos entre ambos congresos. Ello permitirá conocer cuáles han son los aspectos que mantienen su vigencia y que centrarán los esfuerzos de los psicólogos y de las Universidades españolas para mejorar la calidad de la formación en Psicología en el futuro más inmediato (AU)

This article aims to analyze topics treated in the two Spanish Congresses on Training in Psychology. Comparisons of debates developed at those events will allow to know the evolution of concerns about training in Psychology in this period. So, we will know what topics maintain their relevance and what questions will focus the efforts of psychologists and universities for improving the quality of training in the near future (AU)

Estado actual de la formación PIR: actividad clínica y docente de residentes y tutores / No disponible

Esta investigación proporciona nuevos datos sobre la actividad clínica y docente que desarrollan en el Sistema Público de Salud los Psicólogos Internos Residentes y los psicólogos clínicos con competencias docentes sobre el proceso de formación de especialistas PIR. Se construyó un cuestionario, el C-PIR, en el que se integraron variables asociadas a las siguientes áreas temáticas: 1) características del proceso de acceso a la formación especializada; 2) actividad clínica de los especialistas en formación; 3) recepción de docencia y actividad investigadora de los especialistas en formación; 4) actividad clínica de los supervisores de los especialistas en formación; 5) presencia relativa de modelos psicoterapéuticos y actividad clínica característica; y 6) dificultades percibidas asociadas al proceso de formación especializada. Se obtuvo colaboración del 20,19% de residentes (incorporados entre 1999-2001). Las áreas temáticas antedichas fueron evaluadas en 165 dispositivos de Salud Mental diferentes, lo cual corresponde al 61,76% de áreas docentes acreditadas. Se discuten los resultados en el contexto de los recientes avances de la Psicología Clínica en el ámbito sanitario (AU)

Current situation of clinical psychology residence in spain: data for a comprehensive evaluation. this study pretends to offer new data on psychologist’s clinical and teaching activity in the public health system. equal emphasis is paid to psychology residents as clinical psychology supervisors. the c-pir questionnaire was developed to accomplish variables related with the following topics: 1) process of access to the specialized teaching period; 2) clinical activity carried out by clinical psychology residents; 3) training and research activities received by clinical psychology residents; 4) clinical activity showed by supervisors; 5) relative presence of psychotherapeutic models and kind of clinical activity associated; and 6) troubles perceived by the residents regarding the specialized teaching process. 20,19% of residents (incorporation: 1999-2001) participated. the mentioned topics were assessed in 165 different mental health units concerning 61,76% of teaching areas accredited. results are discussed in the context of recent clinical psychology advances in public health settings (AU)

At the heart of a new profession: Margaret Stansfeld, a radical English educationalist.

It is argued here that Margaret Stansfeld, as Principal of Bedford Physical Training College from 1903 to 1945, succeeded in developing a strong and distinctive 'female tradition' which was widely disseminated by her students. She was realistic in recognizing the strength of opposition from a male-dominated society to women's participation in sport and physical exercise, and steadily overcame it. She achieved this partly by insisting on acceptably 'ladylike' behaviour from her students in conventional social situations, and also by bringing the work of the college into the public arena, through displays of gymnastics, through the use of elementary schools for part of the student teaching experience, through the running of a physiotherapy clinic where treatment was given free of charge, and through the use of students in the outpatients ward of the local hospital. Stansfeld herself was PE organizer for Bedford from 1923. But she was not afraid to fight against prejudice which was demonstrably based on false premises, e.g. medical opposition to women taking part in strenuous physical exercise, or to insist on appropriate clothing for women, however indecorous some might have considered it. The college's long-term success resulted from a series of factors: its curriculum and ethos, the networking process it fostered, the quality of the teachers it produced, the strength of the Old Students' Association, Stansfeld's willingness to embrace new ideas, and the growing academic respectability of the subject. The pivot of the whole process was Stansfeld herself - autocratic, austere, but an inspirational teacher - feared and loved. Students who succeeded were empowered - 'She prepared us for LIFE!' The success of her Old Students was the most important feature, e.g. Phyllis Colson, originator and director of the Central Council of Physical Recreation. Hundreds of others, less well known, in schools all over Britain and abroad, gave their pupils pride in themselves, not only through the experience of games, gymnastics and dance, but through moral example - 'fair play' - and many brought the newest innovations into schools (e.g. Elizabeth Swallow was the first to introduce Laban into a maintained school in 1939). Stansfeld's indomitable spirit was always in evidence, even at the end of her life - she returned to the office of Principal in 1948 at age 88, three years before her own death, after the unexpected death of her successor. It was this strength of will and character above all else which empowered her students as women and as teachers, and which enabled them in their turn to empower their own pupils, and so to replace the myth that physical activities were damaging to women with the growing realization that sport and physical recreation are as beneficial to women as they are to men. Stansfeld was justifiably recognized in her time as a pioneer in the advancement of women's PE, e.g. by the McNair Report (1942), which argued that nothing comparable had been achieved for men. She was the last survivor of the originators of women's PE, and the most influential. It is ironic that the rise of feminism in the second half of the century coincided with the dissipation of the female tradition, epitomised by Stansfeld, as physical education for women, developed by women, in the first half of the century increasingly came to be controlled by men in the second half. It is perhaps the ultimate demonstration of the success of Stansfeld's work that, despite this, at the beginning of the twenty-first century women are free to participate in and enjoy sport and physical leisure in a way that would have seemed impossible at the beginning of the twentieth.

A study of the readiness of Jewish/Israeli students in the health professions to authorize and execute involuntary mass euthanasia of "severely handicapped" patients.

The responses of 92 Jewish/Israeli students in the health professions in Israel were studied in the context of a projected future situation where the subjects would be working as physicians/psychologists/social workers, first in a developing country somewhere in Africa, and then, in the second experimental scenario, at a well-known treatment institution in the center of Israel. A successive series of contraints were described that led to a scarcity of resources, in which context the health authorities considered it advisable first to limit and then to curtail the treatment of the severebly handicapped who could benefit least from treatment, and as the situation became more severe to implement a program of involuntary mass euthanasia. Although an eithical point of view would call for zero participation in the policies which would bring about dealths of patients, it had been predicted that as many as 15% of the subjects would agree to curtailing treatment, 5% to participate in planning involunary mass euthanasia, and 2% to execute the euthanasia themselves. However, the results were that in African 39% agreed to curtail treatment, 17% to plan euthanasia, and 11% them selves to terminate the patients' lives; in Israel the corresponding figures were 38%, 12%, and 9% - the differences between Africa and Israel were not significant. The study is seen as contributing to emerging knowledge (in the Milgram tradition) of the widespread availability of human beings to undertake policies which harm, hurt and kill other human beings when instructed to do so by a policy directive.