ABSTRACT
A wireless, remote query octachlorostyrene (OCS) biosensor was fabricated by coating a mass-sensitive magnetoelastic ribbon with anti-OCS antibody. In response to a time-varying magnetic field, the magnetoelastic sensor mechanically vibrates at a characteristic resonance frequency which inversely depends on the sensor mass loading. As the magnetoelastic film is magnetostrictive itself, the vibrations launch magnetic flux that can be remotely detected using a pickup coil. Au nanoparticles (NPs) were used to amplify the mass loading. In a sample solution containing OCS target and OCS-modified AuNPs (OCS-AuNPs), both OCS and OCS-AuNPs react with the anti-OCS antibody immobilized on the sensor surface in a competition mode. The bound OCS-AuNPs amount is inversely proportional to the OCS target concentration. The reduction of bound OCS-AuNPs induced by free OCS results in significant change in mass loading, which amplifies the responses. The biosensor demonstrates a linear shift in resonance frequency with OCS concentration between 7.4 µM and 9 nM, with a detection limit of 2.8 nM.
Subject(s)
Biosensing Techniques/methods , Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry , Styrenes/isolation & purification , Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/chemistry , Gold/chemistry , Limit of Detection , Magnetic Fields , Polymers/chemistry , Styrenes/immunologySubject(s)
Antibodies , Haptens , Maleates/immunology , Polymers , Styrenes/immunology , Animals , Antibody Affinity , Antigen-Antibody Reactions , Chemical Phenomena , Chemical Precipitation , Chemistry , Circular Dichroism , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Immunoglobulin G/isolation & purification , Isoelectric Focusing , Molecular Weight , Osmolar Concentration , Pronase/pharmacology , Protein Conformation , Rabbits , TemperatureABSTRACT
Studies on the immune response in mice to a new synthetic antigen interpolymer of styrene and maleic acid (PSM) are described. The immune response was measured by determination of antigen binding cells by means of rosette test with PSM-coated SRBC, An unexpected effect was observed--besides rosette-forming cells for PSM, rosette-forming cells and agglutinating antibodies for sheep red cells were found. The results presented in this paper suggest that PSM is acting both as an immunogen and a polyclonal B-cell activator. As a polyclonal B-cell activator, PSM might stimulate the immune response to sheep red blood cells. However, in the case of PSM, in contrast to other polyclonal B-cell activators, this response is suppressed and delayed. The suppression may be caused by suppressor T-cells generated by PSM or by blockade by PSM of antigen-binding cells and antibody-forming cells for sheep red blood cells. The mechanism of the effect observed is discussed.
Subject(s)
Antibody-Producing Cells/immunology , Antigens, Heterophile/immunology , Maleates/immunology , Polymers , Styrenes/immunology , Animals , B-Lymphocytes/immunology , Binding Sites, Antibody , Chickens , Epitopes , Erythrocytes/immunology , Horses , Humans , Mice , Rosette Formation , Sheep , T-Lymphocytes/immunologyABSTRACT
The results of studies on the effect of a new synthetic antigens: interpolymer of styrene and maleic acid (PSM) on the immunological response in rats to sheep red blood cells, and vice versa are presented. It was found that in rats, in contrast to mice, PSM did not generate antigen-binding cells for sheep red blood cells. However, an opposite effect was observed: sheep red blood cells generated in rats antigen-binding cells to PSM.
Subject(s)
Antibody-Producing Cells/immunology , Antigens, Heterophile/immunology , Maleates/immunology , Polymers , Styrenes/immunology , Animals , Binding Sites, Antibody , Erythrocytes/immunology , Rats , Rosette Formation , SheepABSTRACT
The sensitization reactions to purified cinnamic aldehyde and its chemically related substances were investigated using the maximization test on guinea pigs. Mutual cross-sensitivities were also examined. Cinnamic aldehyde was found to be the most potent sensitizer in this series, and a strong cross-sensitizer. From the chemical structures of these substances, the following speculations were made. There was a tendency that as the number of hydrocarbons of alkyl groups replacing the alpha-hydrogen in the molecule increased, the rate of sensitization reaction declined. The conjugated system of double bonds was suspected to be a determinant factor in relation to the sensitization ability of the substances in this series.
