The use of 4-dimensional magnetic resonance angiography as a noninvasive procedure to diagnose subclavian steal syndrome in a dog.

CASE DESCRIPTION: A 5-year-old 4.1-kg (9.0-lb) spayed female Toy Poodle was referred because of a 6-month history of sporadic signs of neck pain. CLINICAL FINDINGS: Diagnostic imaging with MRI and CT revealed a dilated radicular artery connecting the right and left vertebral arteries and causing mild compression of the spinal cord. The left subclavian artery caudal to the origin of the left vertebral artery was absent. Subclavian steal syndrome (SSS) was suspected. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: The owner declined surgical treatment; thus, the dog was treated conservatively with glucocorticoids and analgesics. Eight months later, the dog's clinical signs were unchanged but palliated with the administration of glucocorticoids and analgesics, and 4-dimensional (4-D) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) revealed that the left vertebral artery received blood supply from the right vertebral artery through the dilated radicular artery and that the left vertebral artery caudal to this site had retrograde flow and drained into the left subclavian artery, confirming the diagnosis of SSS. The owner again declined surgery, and conservative treatment continued. The dog's condition was unchanged at the last follow-up communication 11 months after 4-D MRA. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Subclavian steal syndrome is an extremely rare condition in dogs, and our findings suggested that 4-D MRA could be used to definitively diagnose SSS in dogs.

Computed tomography angiography reveals stenosis and aneurysmal dilation of an aberrant right subclavian artery causing systemic blood pressure misreading in an old Pekinese dog.

A 14-year-old dog weighing 4 kg presented with hypotension only in the right forelimb. Thoracic radiography revealed a round soft tissue opacity near the aortic arch and below the second thoracic vertebra on a lateral view. Three-dimensional computed tomography angiography clearly revealed stenosis and aneurysmal dilation of an aberrant right subclavian artery. Stenosis and aneurysm of an aberrant subclavian artery should be included as a differential diagnosis in dogs showing a round soft tissue opacity near the aortic arch and below the thoracic vertebra on the lateral thoracic radiograph.

Characterization of spontaneous subclavian steal phenomenon in a female rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta).

In subclavian steal phenomenon (SSP), the subclavian artery develops a stenoocclusive disease proximal to the origin of the vertebral artery, leading to pronounced hemodynamic changes such as arterial flow reversal. Although SSP is a common echographic finding in humans, the phenomenon occurs only rarely in animals; consequently its physiologic features have not been reported previously. Here we describe the clinical and morphologic features of a spontaneous left SSP that was an incidental finding in an 18-y-old female rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta). Our findings were documented through high-quality imaging studies obtained by using a computerized 3D tomography apparatus and clinical assessment of systolic and diastolic blood pressures.

Vascular anomaly causing subclavian steal and cervical myelopathy in a dog: diagnosis and endovascular management.

A 3-year-old dog with cervical myelopathy resulting from a vascular anomaly is described. Marked intradural-extramedullary spinal cord compression was observed, in association with multilevel ectatic anastomotic radicular arterial branches connecting the left and right vertebral arteries. A nonpatent proximal segment of the right subclavian artery had resulted in compensatory enlargement of the left vertebral artery. Flow within the right vertebral artery was retrograde and fed into the patent distal segment of the right subclavian artery. Multiple imaging techniques including myelography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and selective digital angiography were used to document this anomaly. To reduce spinal cord compression the largest collateral vessel was embolized without complication. Good clinical response was observed within 6 weeks and improved clinical neurologic function was maintained at the time of a 12-month re-evaluation.

Manejo médico y quirúrgico del síndrome de las vías aéreas superiores del braquicéfalo. Reporte de un caso / Medical and surgical management of the Brachycephalic airway syndrome. A case report

En este artículo se describe el manejo médico y quirúrgico de un paciente de raza Pug, macho de 3 años, que presentaba frecuentemente disneas inspiratorias, las cuales eran debidas a las anormalidades anatómicas que hacen parte del síndrome braquicefálico.