[Minimally invasive treatment of intra-articular calcaneal fractures with the 2­point distractor]. / Minimal-invasive Versorgung intraartikulärer Fersenbeinfrakturen mit dem 2­Punkt-Distraktor.

OBJECTIVE: Open treatment of calcaneus fractures often has an increased risk of wound healing. Minimally invasive treatment with small incisions reduces complications. INDICATIONS: Calcaneal fractures with malalignment/comminution >1-2 mm; broadening, varus alignment of the calcaneal length axis or shortening; emergency surgery for open fractures or compartment syndrome. CONTRAINDICATIONS: Local or general contraindications. SURGICAL TECHNIQUE: Standardised positioning; restoration of length/axis with 2­point distractor under fluoroscopic control. Fragment reduction via small incisions. Fixation with 7.3 mm cannulated screws and 4.0 mm sustentaculum screws. POSTOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT: Cast-free and no weight bearing for 6 weeks; then weight bearing in a heel off-loading shoe for another 6 weeks with physiotherapy; if needed postoperative cast until soft tissue consolidation. RESULTS: Of 212 calcaneal fractures, 182 were treated with this technique. Wound healing complication rate was 2.7%; 4.7% of patients required secondary arthrodesis of the subtalar joint.

Precisión en reconstrucción orbitaria con mallas de titanio preformadas / Precision in orbital reconstruction with preformed titanium meshes

Objetivos. Evaluar la adaptación de las mallas orbitarias preformadas industrialmente en nuestro entorno. Determinar la influencia de la planificación preoperatoria y la navegación en la precisión de la reconstrucción. Material y método. Se estudió a pacientes con fracturas unilaterales de suelo orbitario reconstruidos con mallas de titanio preformadas entre 2009 y 2014. Las tomografías computarizadas (TC) se analizaron con iPlan 3.0 (BrainLab). Se importó la malla preformada en formato Standard Tesellation Language (STL) y se posicionó en la órbita sana reflejada en espejo sobre la fracturada. Se cuantificó la diferencia de volumen entre órbitas reconstruida y sana (DV), así como la adaptación del contorno de la malla a las superficies orbitarias. La navegación se hizo con el sistema Kolibrí (BrainLab). Resultados. Se incluyeron 17 reconstrucciones, 10 realizadas previa planificación y con navegación intraoperatoria. La DV fue significativamente menor en el grupo reconstruido con navegación (0,24±0,13 cc), p<0,01. En 9 pacientes la malla no se adaptaba adecuadamente en la TC preoperatoria, introduciéndose 1,88±0,27mm bajo el reborde infraorbitario y 3,23±1,3mm en la fosa nasal, con un ángulo medio de 13±5,2°. La adaptación postoperatoria fue significativamente mejor en los casos en los que se había utilizado la navegación (p<0,05). Conclusiones. Las mallas orbitarias preformadas necesitan ajustes en un 50% de nuestros casos. Planificación preoperatoria y navegación permiten identificar las órbitas en las que la adaptación no es buena y corregirla, y así mejorar la precisión de la reconstrucción (AU)

Objectives. To assess reconstruction with preformed orbital titanium meshes in our patients. To evaluate the influence of surgical planning and intraoperative navigation in orbital reconstruction accuracy. Material and method. Patients with unilateral orbital floor fractures reconstructed with preformed titanium meshes between 2009 and 2014 were included. Computed tomographies (CT) were analyzed with iPlan 3.0 (BrainLab). Orbital mesh was imported as a Standard Tesellation Language (STL) object and it was placed in the best position over the mirror uninjured orbit. Difference of volume between healthy and reconstructed orbits (VD) and variables to measure contour adaptation of the orbital mesh were evaluated. Intraoperative navigation was done with the BrainLab Kolibrí navigation system. Results. A total of 17 patients were reconstructed, 10 with preoperative planning and intraoperative navigation. VD was statistically lower in the group that was reconstructed using navigation (0.24±0.13cc), P<.01. In 9 patients the position of the mesh was not adequate in the preoperative CT: the mesh protruded 1.88±0.27mm below the infraorbital rim, and 3.23±1.3mm in the nose with an angle of 13±5.2°. Postoperative adaptation was statistically better in navigated patients (P<.05). Conclusions. Preformed orbital meshes needed adjustments in about 50% of our patients. Preoperative planning and surgical navigation help identifying them, increasing accuracy in their reconstructions (AU)

The effect of the native kinematics of the knee on the outcome following total knee arthroplasty.

AIMS: The aim of this study was to investigate differences in pain, range of movement function and satisfaction at three months and one year after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in patients with an oblique pattern of kinematic graph of the knee and those with a varus pattern. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 91 patients who underwent TKA were included in this retrospective study. Patients (59 women and 32 men with mean age of 68.7 years; 38.6 to 88.4) were grouped according to kinematic graphs which were generated during navigated TKA and the outcomes between the groups were compared. RESULTS: The graphs were varus in 50 patients (55%), oblique in 19 (21%), neutral in 17 (18.5%) and valgus in five (5.5%). After adjustment for pre-operative scores and gender, compared with patients with varus knee kinematics, patients with an oblique kinematic graph had a poorer outcome with lower Knee Society scores at three months (9.2 points, p = 0.038). CONCLUSION: We found four distinct kinematic graphs in knees and that patients with an oblique graph have a poorer outcome in the short-term after TKA. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1471-8.

Functional outcome and alignment in computer-assisted and conventionally operated total knee replacements: a multicentre parallel-group randomised controlled trial.

We performed a randomised controlled trial comparing computer-assisted surgery (CAS) with conventional surgery (CONV) in total knee replacement (TKR). Between 2009 and 2011 a total of 192 patients with a mean age of 68 years (55 to 85) with osteoarthritis or arthritic disease of the knee were recruited from four Norwegian hospitals. At three months follow-up, functional results were marginally better for the CAS group. Mean differences (MD) in favour of CAS were found for the Knee Society function score (MD: 5.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.3 to 11.4, p = 0.039), the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) subscales for 'pain' (MD: 7.7, 95% CI 1.7 to 13.6, p = 0.012), 'sports' (MD: 13.5, 95% CI 5.6 to 21.4, p = 0.001) and 'quality of life' (MD: 7.2, 95% CI 0.1 to 14.3, p = 0.046). At one-year follow-up, differences favouring CAS were found for KOOS 'sports' (MD: 11.0, 95% CI 3.0 to 19.0, p = 0.007) and KOOS 'symptoms' (MD: 6.7, 95% CI 0.5 to 13.0, p = 0.035). The use of CAS resulted in fewer outliers in frontal alignment (> 3° malalignment), both for the entire TKR (37.9% vs. 17.9%, p = 0.042) and for the tibial component separately (28.4% vs 6.3%, p = 0.002). Tibial slope was better achieved with CAS (58.9% vs. 26.3%, p < 0.001). Operation time was 20 minutes longer with CAS. In conclusion, functional results were, statistically, marginally in favour of CAS. Also, CAS was more predictable than CONV for mechanical alignment and positioning of the prosthesis. However, the long-term outcomes must be further investigated.

An evidence-based review of enhanced recovery interventions in knee replacement surgery.

INTRODUCTION: Total knee replacement (TKR) is a very common surgical procedure. Improved pain management techniques, surgical practices and the introduction of novel interventions have enhanced the patient's postoperative experience after TKR. Safe, efficient pathways are needed to address the increasing need for knee arthroplasty in the UK. Enhanced recovery programmes can help to reduce hospital stays following knee replacements while maintaining patient safety and satisfaction. This review outlines common evidence-based pre, intra and postoperative interventions in use in enhanced recovery protocols following TKR. METHODS: A thorough literature search of the electronic healthcare databases (MEDLINE(®), Embase™ and the Cochrane Library) was conducted to identify articles and studies concerned with enhanced recovery and fast track pathways for TKR. RESULTS: A literature review revealed several non-operative and operative interventions that are effective in enhanced recovery following TKR including preoperative patient education, pre-emptive and local infiltration analgesia, preoperative nutrition, neuromuscular electrical stimulation, pulsed electromagnetic fields, perioperative rehabilitation, modern wound dressings, different standard surgical techniques, minimally invasive surgery and computer assisted surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Enhanced recovery programmes require a multidisciplinary team of dedicated professionals, principally involving preoperative education, multimodal pain control and accelerated rehabilitation; this will be boosted if combined with minimally invasive surgery. The current economic climate and restricted healthcare budget further necessitate brief hospitalisation while minimising costs. These non-operative interventions are the way forward to achieve such requirements.

Open-wedge high tibial osteotomy: comparison between manual and computer-assisted techniques.

PURPOSE: The purpose of our study was to compare clinical and radiological results of two groups of patients treated for medial compartment osteoarthritis of the knee with either conventional or computer-assisted open-wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO). Goals of surgical treatment were a correction of the mechanical axis between 2° and 6° of valgus and a modification of posterior tibial slope between -2° and +2°. METHODS: Twenty-four patients (27 knees) affected by varus knee deformity and operated with HTO were prospectively followed-up. They were randomly divided in two groups, A (11 patients, conventional treatment) and B (13 patients, navigated treatment). The American Knee Society Score and the Modified Cincinnati Rating System Questionnaire were used for clinical assessment. All patients were radiologically evaluated with a comparative lower limb weight-bearing digital radiograph, a standard digital anteroposterior, a latero-lateral radiograph of the knee, and a Rosenberg view. RESULTS: Patients were followed-up at a mean of 39 months. Clinical evaluation showed no statistical difference (n.s.) between the two groups. Radiological results showed an 86% reproducibility in achieving a mechanical axis of 182°-186° in group B compared to a 23% in group A (p = 0.0392); furthermore, in group B, we achieved a modification of posterior tibial slope between -2° and +2° in 100% of patients, while in group A, this goal was achieved only in 24% of cases (p = 0.0021). CONCLUSION: High tibial osteotomy with navigator is more accurate and reproducible in the correction of the deformity compared to standard technique. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic study, Level II.

Joint line position correlates with function after primary total knee replacement: a randomised controlled trial comparing conventional and computer-assisted surgery.

The role of computer-assisted surgery in maintaining the level of the joint in primary knee joint replacement (TKR) has not been well defined. We undertook a blinded randomised controlled trial comparing joint-line maintenance, functional outcomes, and quality-of-life outcomes between patients undergoing computer-assisted and conventional TKR. A total of 115 patients were randomised (computer-assisted, n = 55; conventional, n = 60). Two years post-operatively no significant correlation was found between computer-assisted and conventional surgery in terms of maintaining the joint line. Those TKRs where the joint line was depressed post-operatively improved the least in terms of functional scores. No difference was detected in terms of quality-of-life outcomes. Change in joint line was found to be related to change in alignment. Change in alignment significantly affects change in joint line and functional scores.

Use of inpatient continuous passive motion versus no CPM in computer-assisted total knee arthroplasty.

BACKGROUND: Continuous passive motion (CPM) has shown positive effects on tissue healing, edema, hemarthrosis, and joint function (L. Brosseau et al., 2004). CPM has also been shown to increase short-term early flexion and decrease length of stay (LOS) ( L. Brosseau et al., 2004; C. M. Chiarello, C. M. S. Gundersen, & T. O'Halloran, 2004). The benefits of CPM for the population of patients undergoing computer-assisted total knee arthroplasty (TKA) have not been examined. PURPOSE: The primary objective of this study was to determine whether the use of CPM following computer-assisted TKA resulted in differences in range of motion, edema/drainage, functional ability, and pain. METHODS: This was an experimental, prospective, randomized study of patients undergoing unilateral, computer-assisted TKA. The experimental group received CPM thrice daily and physical therapy (PT) twice daily during their hospitalization. The control group received PT twice daily and no CPM during the hospital stay. Both groups received PT after discharge. Measurement included Knee Society scores, Western Ontario McMaster Osteoarthritis Index values, range of motion, knee circumference, and HemoVac drainage. Data were collected at various intervals from preoperatively through 3 months. RESULTS: Although the control group was found to be higher functioning preoperatively, there was no statistically significant difference in flexion, edema or drainage, function, or pain between groups through the 3-month study period.

Cirugía radioguiada: extirpación de metástasis de un carcinoma papilar de tiroides / Probe-guided surgery: metastases of a papillary thyroid carcinoma. Surgical Excision

Paciente de sexo masculino operado de Carcinoma Papilar Tiroideo (variedad folicular) con recurrencia tumoral luego de tiroidectomía, linfadenectomía y Dosis Terapéutica de Iodo 131. Bajo tratamiento con hormonas tiroideas a dosis inhibitorias de TSH, persistencia de valores elevados de Tiroglobulina Plasmática e imágenes detectables en la Ecografía y Resonancia Magnética Nuclear ( RMN). Por la Dosis Terapéutica se sospechaba que las mismas concentrarían radioyodo. Se planificó por lo tanto cirugía radioguiada, según el protocolo del Instituto Gustave Roussy (modificado). Dosis Terapéutica de Iodo 131; al 4º día Rastreo Corporal Total en Cámara Gamma (RCT); al 5º día cirugía con sonda exploradora (gamma probe) y a las 48 hs. poscirugía nuevo RCT. El procedimiento fue exitoso, pudiendo extirparse adenopatías metastásicas con la desaparición en el RCT posquirúrgico de las imágenes que fijaban francamente radioyodo en el preoperatorio. Los vlores de Tiroglobulina plasmática descendieron francamente con terapia hormonal de reemplazo, a los sesenta y noventa días postratamiento.

A male patient with papillary thyroid cancer -folliculary variety- is chosen to be presented. After thyroidectomy, lymfhadenectomy and therapeutic dose of radioiodine treatments, cancer relapse was observed. After thyrotrophyn supressive therapy with l-thyroxine, a high serum thyroglobulin concentration was observed. The Ultrasonography ( US) and Magnetic Resonance (MR) images showed visible node structures in the neck. This node structures were probably going to concentrate I-131 as seen in the first whole body scan after therapeutic dose. Therefore a radio-guided surgery was planned as the best choice. (Institute Gustave Roussy protocol). A therapeutic dose of radioiodine (I-131) was given and up to the 4th day a whole body scan was performed. In the 5th day a gamma- probe-guided surgery was performed as well, and localized metastatic foci in the pretracheal region and under right recurrent laryngeal nerve. No other foci were identified with the probe at surgery. Forty eight hours after surgery a new whole-body scan was made again. The procedure was successful. The metastatic lessions were completely dissected. The last whole body scan showed that radioiodine concentration had disappeared at all. Forty five days and three months after surgery under levothyroxin treatment, the serum thyroglobulin level concentration decrease to very low values.