Syringomatous tumor of the nipple: a case report.

Syringomatous tumor of the nipple is a benign, locally infiltrative tumor. There are reports in the literature of tumor recurrence in cases of incomplete excision. Clinical and mammographic findings in syringomatous tumors are like those of breast carcinoma and the pathologist has a fundamental role in final tumor diagnosis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to report a case of syringoma located in the areolar region. A 33-year-old woman reported that she had noticed a nodule in her left areolar region 4 years previously (February 2019). A breast ultrasound was performed, detecting intraparenchymatous breast cysts. Surgical resection of the nodule was indicated although it was not performed. Two years later, in August 2021, the patient underwent a mastopexy with prosthesis inclusion. Histopathology study of the surgical specimen revealed a syringomatous tumor with positive margins. Thirteen (13) months after diagnosis (September 3, 2021 - October 16, 2022), the patient is doing well and receives clinical follow-up.

Er:YAG laser combined with botulinum toxin A for patients with local syringomas: A preliminary report.

Syringoma is a common but refractory benign skin tumor. Conventional treatment, such as ultra-pulsed carbon dioxide (CO2 ) laser or cryotherapy, often requires multiple treatment and can easily cause prolonged erythema, scarring, or depression, which are frustrating, so there is an urgent need to seek a safer and more effective method. In this article, we tried to demonstrate the Er:YAG laser combined with botulinum toxin A (BTXA) as a safer and more efficacious method for treating syringomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-one patients with local syringomas were treated with erbium laser ablation. Immediately after laser treatment, approximately 10 units of BTXA were sprayed on the wound for 10 min. RESULT: In total, 21 patients underwent 1.62 ± 0.74 treatments; their Periorbital Syringoma Severity Index (PSSI) score declined from 4.19 (before treatment) to 1.10 (after treatment), and the number of treatments was significantly lower than those reported in previous literature using the erbium laser alone. CONCLUSION: The Er:YAG laser combined with botulinum toxin A for the treatment of syringoma is a safer and more effective treatment than traditional treatment methods.

Syringomatous Adenoma of the Nipple with Associated Invasive Carcinoma: A Case Report.

Syringomatous adenoma of the nipple is a rare benign infiltrative neoplasm that was first described in 1983. At the time of this writing, a literature search revealed no cases of syringomatous adenoma of the nipple in association with invasive carcinoma of the breast. We report a case of syringomatous adenoma of the nipple in a 40-year old female who also had bilateral invasive ductal carcinoma and ductal carcinoma in situ of the breasts. Syringomatous adenomas of the nipple have been postulated to originate from eccrine structures of the nipple due to their microscopic similarity to other tumors of eccrine origin, such as syringomatous carcinoma. However, their exact origin is uncertain. Despite their benign behavior, they usually demonstrate an infiltrative and expansile proliferation into adjacent nipple and breast tissue. They have been confused with tubular carcinoma and low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma of the breast, both clinically and histologically. Complete excision is the therapy of choice, and only incompletely excised lesions have shown recurrence. We present this case to raise awareness that syringomatous adenoma of the nipple may present in patients with a simultaneous invasive carcinoma of the breast.

Rare syringoid eccrine carcinoma of the upper lip and nasal base treated with resection and subsequent innovative reconstruction using an Abbé flap, turbinate flaps and three-stage forehead flap: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Although syringoma is a common benign tumour of the sudoriferous gland, there is also an extremely rare malignant form known as syringoid eccrine carcinoma (SEC). SEC usually exhibits slow growth with deep invasion and a frequent tendency to relapse. The treatment of choice is radical wide resection, which poses a difficult reconstructive problem, especially when the tumour is located in the centre of the face. CASE PRESENTATION: In this case, a 70-year-old man was diagnosed with an SEC at the same location as a benign syringoma of the upper lip and nasal base that had undergone primary excision 7 years prior. Primary radical resection was performed with immediate Abbé flap reconstruction. Nevertheless, histology revealed positive margins, and 3 additional re-excisions were needed to achieve clear margins. Four months after the initial resection, the patient had undergone an innovative reconstruction technique including not only the Abbé flap but also a turbinate flap harvested with functional endonasal surgery and a three-stage forehead flap. CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of a suspect malignant transformation of a benign syringoma after 7 years. In addition, from oncoplastic and reconstructive points of view, the bilateral use of the turbinate flap for reconstructing the intranasal lining of the alar base is unusual, and the use of functional endonasal surgery in nasal reconstruction for reducing the risk of damaging the vascular supply of the flap is innovative.

Efficacy and safety of lasers in treating syringomas: a review of the literature.

Syringomas are benign adnexal neoplasms that may induce psychological stress when they are large or disfiguring or present in delicate regions such as the periorbital area. Despite the availability of various lasers for syringomas, no consensus has been established on the optimal laser setting and side effects of these therapies. The current review aims at understanding the efficacy and safety of various laser therapies available for the treatment of syringomas. A literature search was carried out using PubMed and Ovid databases for articles published from Jan 2000 through Mar 2022. Screening the eligible articles yielded 27 studies, comprising clinical studies, case series, and case reports, which were included in this review. The CO2 laser is the most widely used ablative laser therapy but is usually associated with adverse events. Pinhole and multiple drilling methods using CO2 laser yielded excellent cosmetic results with minimal adverse effects. Fractional lasers reduced the downtime and complications compared to non-fractionated ones. Non-ablative fractional lasers could be advantageous in terms of easy operation, minimal side effects and moderate recovery period compared with ablative lasers. Large clinical trials are needed to generate strong evidence to guide clinicians in choosing the most appropriate laser therapy for syringoma treatment.

An alternative for the treatment of vulvar syringoma: 577 nm pro-yellow laser.

BACKGROUND: Syringoma is a benign sweat gland tumor. AIM: Vulvar location of syringoma is rare. Although the lesions are asymptomatic, it requires treatment due to the cosmetic concerns. PATIENTS/METHODS: We present a 42-year-old woman with vulvar syringoma. RESULTS: The patient treated with 577 nm pro-yellow laser with a great success. CONCLUSION: A 577 nm pro-yellow laser is a good alternative in the treatment of vulvar syringoma.

Intralesional Electrocoagulation With Insulated Microneedle for the Treatment of Periorbital Syringomas: A Retrospective Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Conventional treatment options for periorbital syringomas are often unsatisfactory because of inevitable surface damage from the procedure and frequent recurrence rate of the tumors. OBJECTIVES: The authors sought to ascertain the efficacy and safety of intralesional electrosurgery utilizing a monopolar radiofrequency device with a single insulated microneedle for the treatment of periorbital syringomas. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed employing data from medical records, routine questionnaires, and clinical photographs of 55 patients with periorbital syringoma who underwent intralesional electrosurgery. RESULTS: Approximately one-half of the patients (50.9%) experienced marked resolution after 1 treatment. The lesion clearance rate increased and lesion severity decreased each time the treatment was repeated. No persistent therapy-related adverse event was found except transient erythema or crusting. CONCLUSIONS: Intralesional electrosurgery with insulated microneedle is an effective and safe treatment option for periorbital syringomas.

Clinical characteristics and pathological depths of syringomas in 94 Korean patients.

BACKGROUND: Syringoma is a common benign tumor with eccrine origin that typically occurs on the face of middle-aged women. Laser ablation with CO2 laser or Er:YAG laser has been widely used in the clinical field, often leading to scars due to its deep location. This study aimed to investigate clinical characteristics and pathological depths of the lesions in syringoma patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Syringoma patients, pathologically confirmed at Samsung medical center (Seoul, Korea) from January 1996 to March 2019, were analyzed. Clinical characteristics such as the location of lesion, age, and sex, and pathological depths of the lesions were investigated, and univariable and multivariable analyses were done for these factors. RESULTS: Of total 94 syringomas, 17.0% were located on periocular area, 10.6% on forehead, 34.0% on head and neck areas excluding periocular area and forehead, and 38.3% on trunk and extremities. The mean depth of syringoma from the surface including stratum corneum to the deepest stromal location was 1174.14 ± 1142.95 µm for periocular area, 1055.93 ± 247.76 µm for forehead, 1488.06 ± 1217.36 µm for other areas of head and neck including scalp, and 1169.53 ± 349.2 for the lesions located at trunk and extremities including external genitalia. No significant correlation was observed from univariable analysis and multivariable analysis by age, sex, and site of lesion. CONCLUSION: Our findings offer valuable information of the mean depth of syringoma at different sites, which can be taken into consideration for successful treatment without adverse events such as scarring.

Recurrent syringomatous adenoma of the nipple following a misdiagnosis: A case report.

Infiltrating syringomatous adenoma of the nipple (SAN) is a rare benign neoplasm of the breast that is often misdiagnosed. SAN may present with a subareolar lesion and clinical, mammographic, and ultrasonographic findings associated with malignancy. We present the case of a 60-year-old woman with a painful, firm, solid tumor in her left breast and deformation of the left nipple-areolar complex (NAC). Histopathological test results were conflicting. The tumor, including the NAC were locally excised. Postsurgical immuno-histochemical tests revealed squamous histology, whereas myoepithelial cells were present in the resected specimen, a feature consistent with SAN. The pathologist noted microscopically positive surgical margins. Three months after surgery, tumor recurrence occurred. The patient underwent revision surgery with wide excision of the skin and gland around the lesion, followed by immediate breast reconstruction, using a pedicled myocutaneous latissimus dorsi (pLD) flap. Extreme care should be taken when diagnosing SAN to ensure proper treatment and prevent recurrence.

Syringoid Eccrine Carcinoma in the Abdominal Wall: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review.

BACKGROUND Syringoid eccrine carcinoma (SEC) is an extremely rare malignant adnexal neoplasm derived from eccrine sweat glands, of unknown pathogenesis. We report a case of this rare entity presenting in the abdomen, which is the only one reported in this area and the only case of SEC in a patient with so many comorbidities. CASE REPORT A 58-year-old black male from Brazil reported a nodular lesion in the abdomen with a progressive increase in size and pain and local burning sensation. The histopathological examination showed a syringoid eccrine carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS We present a rare case of SEC and did an extensive literature review in order to describe the clinical characteristics, histopathological findings, immunohistochemical profile, treatments, and difficulties found in the diagnosis of this tumor. To avoid misdiagnosis, we gave special attention to biopsy quality.

Comparison of microinsulated needle radiofrequency and carbon dioxide laser ablation for the treatment of syringoma.

Syringoma is a benign adnexal tumor originating from the intradermal eccrine ducts and predominantly occurs in women at puberty or later in life. We present a case of a 30-year-old woman with a 2-year history of syringoma on her neck and axillar region. She was treated with two devices in a split manner. The right-sided lesions of the neck were treated with one session of 10,600-nm carbon dioxide (CO2 ) laser ablation. The left-sided lesions were treated with microinsulated needle radiofrequency (RF) three times. After treatment, the lesions treated with CO2 showed hypertrophic scar formation, but the other side lesions treated with microinsulated needle RF showed a marked reduction in the size and number of lesions, without any adverse effects such as scarring and hyperpigmentation related to epidermal damage. The treatment of syringoma with microinsulated needle RF, which is insulated at the point of epidermal contact, results in good cosmetic outcomes. Syringoma, microinsulated needle RF, CO2 laser.

Syringocystadenoma Papilliferum of Sweat Gland of Caruncle: A Unique Case Report.

Syringocystadenoma papilliferum (SP) is a rare benign hamartomatous malformation of skin which arises from apocrine or eccrine sweat glands. Skin of the head and neck is the usual site for this but rarely involves the eyelids. It is also called as a childhood tumor since it usually appears at birth or during puberty. The diagnosis is confirmed on histopathological examination after surgical excision. We are first to report a case of SP involving the caruncle in an elderly female.

Siringocistoadenoma papilífero del conducto auditivo externo. Serie de casos y revisión bibliográfica / Syringocystadenoma papilliferum of the external auditory canal. Case report and literature review

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Microcystic Adnexal Carcinoma: A Review of the Literature.

BACKGROUND: Microcystic adnexal carcinoma (MAC) is a rare, locally aggressive cutaneous neoplasm that commonly occurs on the face. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to comprehensively review the current literature on MAC pertaining to epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, histology, immunohistochemistry, prognosis, follow-up, and treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An extensive literature review was conducted using OVID MEDLINE and PubMed to identify articles relating to MAC. RESULTS: Microcystic adnexal carcinoma typically presents as a skin-colored nodule on the face. The pathogenesis is mostly related to pilar and eccrine differentiation. Histologically, MAC can mimic syringoma, desmoplastic trichoepithelioma, and infiltrative basal cell carcinoma. Diagnosis is challenging because superficial shave biopsies may reveal only benign findings that do not warrant further management. A deep biopsy is mandatory for the correct diagnosis, and Mohs micrographic surgery provides the highest cure rate. CONCLUSION: Microcystic adnexal carcinoma is a locally aggressive disease with histological margins that often far surpass what is clinically suspected. Mohs micrographic surgery is the standard of care for removal of these lesions. Patients with a history of MAC should be examined at least every 6 months for recurrence, metastasis, and development of additional skin cancers.

Periorbital Syringomas Treated With an Externally Used 1,444 nm Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser.

BACKGROUND: The 1,444 nm wavelength is also well absorbed in water making it a possible setting for treatment of cystic lesions such as eccrine hydrocystomas and syringomas. OBJECTIVE: The authors aimed to investigate the efficacy of an externally used 1,444 nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser for the treatment of periorbital syringomas. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Nineteen patients with periorbital syringomas were treated twice with the externally used 1,444 nm Nd:YAG laser at 2-month intervals. Laser fluences were delivered to each papule with pulse energy of 160 mJ, 1.6 W of power, and at a 10 Hz pulse rate. Clinical improvement and patient satisfaction were assessed at 2 and 6 months after each treatment. Side effects were also examined. RESULTS: Clinical improvement of >50% was observed in 68.4% of individuals at 2 months after first treatment (2FT) and in all patients at 6 months after second treatment (6ST). Patient satisfaction of no less than "satisfied" was recorded for 63.2% of patients at 2FT, and in 89.5% of patients at 6ST. Erythema was observed in 63.2% of patients but only at 2FT. CONCLUSION: Externally used 1,444 nm Nd:YAG laser treatment may represent an effective and safe approach for the treatment of periorbital syringomas, resulting in good satisfaction and minimal side effects.

Spiradenoma causing longitudinal splitting of the nail.

Longitudinal splitting of the nails can occur as a result of any growth arising in the nail matrix. We present a case of a 50-year-old woman who presented with an 18-month history of longitudinal splitting of the nail on her right little finger, along with pain in the proximal nail fold region, which was extremely tender to touch. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an intensely enhancing lesion, while colour Doppler imaging revealed hypervascularity within the mass. A provisional diagnosis of glomus tumour was considered. Histopathology demonstrated presence of a well-circumscribed tumour comprising a dual population of cells, which stained negatively with periodic-acid-Schiff. The histopathological features were consistent with those of eccrine spiradenoma (ES). In this case, glomus tumour was considered as the first differential diagnosis, but histopathology confirmed it as an ES.